Assessing Attachment: Convergent Validity of the Adult Attachment Interview and the Parental Bonding Instrument

1999 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Manassis ◽  
Mary Owens ◽  
Kenneth S. Adam ◽  
Malcolm West ◽  
Adrienne E. Sheldon-Keller
Keyword(s):  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Maternal Care ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Parental Bonding ◽  
Adult Attachment Interview ◽  
Role Reversal ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Parental Bonding Instrument ◽  
Child Attachment

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether or not the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) can provide information about parent-child attachment that is comparable to information obtained from the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI), a more complex measure of attachment. Method: One hundred and thirty emotionally and/or behaviourally disturbed adolescents (73 male, 57 female; ages 13–19 years, × = 15.3 ± 1.47 years) participating in a study of attachment and suicidality completed the PBI and the AAI. Data from these measures were compared within participants. Results: Maternal care and overprotection on the PBI differed significantly by AAI attachment classification (F3,122 = 2.79, p = 0.012), with autonomous participants showing the most optimal and unresolved participants the least optimal PBI results. Maternal love and maternal involvement/role reversal on the AAI were significant predictors of maternal care and maternal overprotection, respectively, on the PBI (R2 = 0.15; R2 = 0.16). These predictions improved when AAI scales measuring idealisation and involving anger towards the mother were included in the regression analyses (R2 = 0.35; R2 = 0.20). Autonomous participants on AAI showed the highest scale correlations across instruments. Conclusions: Attachment information obtained from the PBI and the AAI is comparable in participants with optimal attachment histories, but not in participants showing idealisation or anger towards their mothers. Caution is, therefore, advisable when using the PBI to obtain attachment information in clinical samples where suboptimal attachment histories are likely.

scholarly journals Parental Attachment and Children's Socio-emotional Development: Some Findings on the Validity of the Adult Attachment Interview in The Netherlands

1991 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marinus H. van Ijzendoorn ◽  
Marian J. Kranenburg ◽  
Hylda A. Zwart-Woudstra ◽  
Agnes M. van Busschbach ◽  
Mirjam W.E. Lambermon
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Emotional Development ◽  
Parental Attachment ◽  
Parental Bonding ◽  
Maternal Sensitivity ◽  
Free Play ◽  
Adult Attachment Interview ◽  
Parental Bonding Instrument ◽  
Ego Resilience

In this study, the Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) was applied in The Netherlands, to test certain aspects of its validity, and to provide information about its relation to toddlers' socio-emotional adaptation. In the second year of life, a sample of 80 infants were seen with their father, mother, and professional caregiver in the Strange Situation procedure, and in a free-play situation to assess caregivers' sensitivity. Two years later, 68 children participated in a follow-up study, involving mothers, fathers, and professional caregivers. Parents were interviewed with the AAI, and completed the Parental Bonding Instrument that measures attachment experiences in childhood. Parents also completed the Nijmegen-California Q-sort, to measure their children's ego-resilience and ego-control. Professional caregivers rated children's sociability in pre-school using the Pre-School Behavior Inventory. As predicted the AAI and the Parental Bonding Instrument were related. Only the AAI, however, yielded classifications that corresponded with the quality of infant-parent attachment. Furthermore, AAI classifications for mothers were related to maternal sensitivity: Secure mothers are more sensitive to their daughters than insecure mothers, but for boys this was not true. In addition, AAI classifications for parents were related to their children's socio-emotional development in the pre-school years. Secure mothers have children with more ego-resilience and less ego-undercontrol. Dismissing fathers have children who are rated as more aggressive, less social, and less timid than secure or preoccupied fathers. The AAI appears to be a promising instrument for measuring parental state of mind with respect to attachment relationships in a variety of natural settings.

How do children make sense of their experiences? Children’s memories of wellbeing and distress from an attachment perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serena Messina ◽  
Giulio Cesare Zavattini
Keyword(s):  
Regression Model ◽  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Adult Attachment Interview ◽  
Mediation Model ◽  
Emotional Experiences ◽  
Child Attachment ◽  
Italian Children

Attachment’s role in children’s memories of wellbeing and distress was evaluated through the Manchester Child Attachment Story Task in 30 Italian children, aged 6 years (15 secure and 15 insecure). Their mothers’ coherence of discourse was determined using the Adult Attachment Interview. A mediation model examining whether children’s attachment mediated the relation between mothers’ ability to talk coherently about their past and children’s memories was tested. Children’s attachment was associated with their ability to describe memories of wellbeing and distress and mediated the influence of maternal coherence on the same ability. A regression model was estimated to further evaluate the association between children’s attachment and ability to describe memories. Results suggest that attachment influences how children understand and recollect emotional experiences.

Parental Bonding and Religiosity in Young Adulthood

1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1171-1174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrico Gnaulati ◽  
Barbara J. Heine
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Maternal Care ◽  
Parental Bonding ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Object Representations ◽  
Maternal Bonding ◽  
Parental Bonding Instrument ◽  
Female College ◽  
Written Descriptions

85 male and 122 female college students completed the Parental Bonding Instrument, provided written descriptions of both parents, and rated themselves on two religiosity questions. The descriptions were assessed for level of acceptance of parental imperfections using the scoring criteria from the De-illusionment subscale of the Thematic Patterning Scale of Object Representations. Participants scoring low in maternal De-illusionment as well as high in maternal Care and Overprotection tended to perceive God as an omnipotent protector and provider. There were no significant effects for any of the paternal bonding variables. Results suggest that religiosity in young adulthood may arise out of variations in maternal bonding.

scholarly journals Der familiäre Hintergrund „suchtbelastete Familie“ und dessen Auswirkung auf Mentalisierungsprozesse fremduntergebrachter Kinder

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Nadja Springer ◽  
Brigitte Lueger-Schuster
Keyword(s):  
Child Behavior ◽  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Child Behavior Checklist ◽  
Reflective Functioning ◽  
Adult Attachment Interview ◽  
Child Attachment ◽  
Child Attachment Interview

ZusammenfassungStudien über Bindung weisen auf Schwierigkeiten drogenabhängiger Eltern hinsichtlich ihrer Reaktion auf die emotionalen Signale der Kinder und die daraus abzuleitenden Verhaltensweisen hin. Dies lässt auf eine reduzierte Mentalisierungsfähigkeit schließen. Mentalisieren bedeutet die grundlegende menschliche Fähigkeit, Verhalten in Bezug auf Gedanken und Gefühle zu verstehen.Um diese Fähigkeit bei fremduntergebrachten Kinder (6–12 Jahre) aus suchtbelasteten Familien und deren aktuellen Bezugspersonen zu untersuchen, wurde eine auf dem Konzept der Mentalisierung basierende Gruppenintervention entwickelt, die das Wissen über Drogenabhängigkeit erweitern und soziale und affektive Fähigkeiten verbessern soll.Erhebungsinstrumente: Skala des Reflective Functioning (RF-Score) für das Adult Attachment Interview und für das Child Attachment Interview, Inventar der Sozialkompetenzen (ISK), Coloured Progressive Matrices (CPM), Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL/6-18R), „Patte-Noire“-Test, Einstellungen zum Drogenkonsum (EBDD Bewertungsinstrument).An Hand zweier Fallbeispiele aus dieser laufenden Pilotstudie, werden der diagnostische Prozess sowie beobachtbare und messbare Veränderungen über den Untersuchungszeitraum von mehr als 12 Monaten exemplarisch dargestellt und diskutiert.

Convergent validity of the dimensions underlying the parental bonding instrument (PBI) and the EMBU

1998 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willem A. Arrindell ◽  
Coby Gerlsma ◽  
Walter Vandereycken ◽  
Willem J.J.M. Hageman ◽  
Tine Daeseleire
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Parental Bonding ◽  
Parental Bonding Instrument

PARENTAL REARING ATTITUDES AND HEALTH-RELATED LIFESTYLE OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Toda ◽  
Tomoko Kawai ◽  
Keiko Takeo ◽  
Kazuhito Rokutan ◽  
Kanehisa Morimoto
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Maternal Care ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Parental Bonding ◽  
First Year ◽  
Health Practice ◽  
Parental Bonding Instrument ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Parental Rearing ◽  
First Year University

Using a written questionnaire survey of 200 first-year university students, we investigated associations between parental rearing attitudes and health-related lifestyle. Participants completed the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI; Parker, Tupling, & Brown, 1979) and the Health Practice Index (HPI; Hagihara & Morimoto, 1991). We found that more female respondents with unhealthy lifestyles perceived their parents as having been overprotective. No such correlation was found for male respondents. These findings suggest that, particularly for females, health-related lifestyle may be related to perceived parental rearing attitudes. By contrast, for males, depression correlated with low maternal care or overprotection.

Mothers with borderline personality and their young children: Adult Attachment Interviews, mother–child interactions, and children's narrative representations

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 539-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenny Macfie ◽  
Scott A. Swan ◽  
Katie L. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Christopher D. Watkins ◽  
Elaine M. Rivas
Keyword(s):  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Adult Attachment Interview ◽  
Role Reversal ◽  
Narrative Representations ◽  
Normative Comparisons ◽  
Fear Of Abandonment ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Larger Sample

AbstractBorderline personality disorder (BPD) involves disruptions in attachment, self, and self-regulation, domains conceptually similar to developmental tasks of early childhood. Because offspring of mothers with BPD are at elevated risk of developing BPD themselves (White, Gunderson, Zanarini, & Hudson, 2003), studying them may inform precursors to BPD. We sampled 31 children age 4–7 whose mothers have BPD and 31 normative comparisons. We examined relationships between mothers' Adult Attachment Interview (AAI) representations (George, Kaplan, & Main, 1984), mothers' observed parenting, and children's narrative representations. Replicating previous studies, mothers with BPD were more likely to be classified as preoccupied and unresolved on the AAI. In a larger sample, which included the current one, we also replicated two underlying AAI dimensions found in normative samples (Roisman, Fraley, & Belsky, 2007; Whipple, Bernier, & Mageau, 2011). Controlling for current mood, anxiety, and other personality disorders, mothers with BPD were significantly higher than were comparisons on the preoccupied/unresolved, but not the dismissive, dimension. Children's narrative representations relevant to disruptions in attachment (fear of abandonment and role reversal), self (incongruent child and self/fantasy confusion), and self-regulation (destruction of objects) were significantly correlated with the preoccupied/unresolved, but not the dismissive, dimension. Furthermore, mothers' parenting significantly mediated the relationship between the preoccupied/unresolved dimension and their children's narrative representations of fear of abandonment.

Psychometric Properties of the Child Attachment Interview in Italian Context: A Focus on Normative and Specific Clinical Groups in School-Aged Children

2020 ◽  
pp. 003329412090551
Author(s):  
Fabiola Bizzi ◽  
Yael Shmueli-Goetz ◽  
Rosetta Castellano ◽  
Pietro San Martini ◽  
Donatella Cavanna
Keyword(s):  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Disruptive Behavior Disorder ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Clinical Group ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Semistructured Interview ◽  
Attachment Patterns ◽  
Child Attachment ◽  
Child Attachment Interview

While attachment assessments developed for infancy and adulthood are well established, no such gold standard measure exists for school years, where measures are not yet sufficiently robust. Nevertheless, the last decade has witnessed some progress in this field with the development of the Child Attachment Interview (CAI), a semistructured interview designed to access children’s mental representations of their attachment relationships. This study aimed to test the validity and reliability of the CAI for an Italian population, using a normative group and a clinical group of disruptive behavior disorder and somatic symptom disorder patients. A total sample of 311 Italian children (213 normative and 98 clinical) aged 8 to 15 years completed a battery of measures assessing attachment, verbal IQ, and symptomatology. The psychometric properties of the CAI alongside other children (Kerns Security Scale, Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment) and parents (Adult Attachment Interview) attachment measures in normative sample, as well as the distribution of attachment patterns in normative and clinical samples, were examined. The results revealed the CAI to have adequate interrater and test–retest reliability, as well as discriminant, and convergent validity. Significant differences in the CAI’s distribution of attachment patterns for normative and specific clinical groups were found. Taken together, the findings show that the CAI Italian version is a reliable and valid measure for assessing attachment in school years and beyond.

scholarly journals Hungarian version of the Family Relationship Questionnaire (FRQ)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-54
Author(s):  
Dora Csilla Kovács ◽  
Veronika Mészáros ◽  
Zsuzsanna Tanyi ◽  
Edit Jakubovits ◽  
Máté Smohai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Parental Bonding ◽  
Family Relationship ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Fit Indices ◽  
Parental Bonding Instrument ◽  
The Family ◽  
Hungarian Version

The purpose of this paper is to examine the validity of the Family Relationship Questionnaire (FRQ) in Hungary. The FRQ was filled out together with the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) by 1017 healthy Hungarian people. The original factor structure of the FRQ did not fit well in the Hungarian sample, but with some modifications – based on modification indices – adequate fit indices could arise. The FRQ scales showed significant relations (moderate to high) with the PBI which confirmed the convergent validity of the scales. Four of the FRQ scale turned to be cross-culturally valid scales. The reliability and validity of Dominance scale in Western cultures should further be examined.

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