scholarly journals Translational control in germline stem cell development

2014 ◽  
Vol 207 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maija Slaidina ◽  
Ruth Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Translational Control ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Translational Repression ◽  
Germline Stem Cell ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Organ Growth ◽  
Fate Decision

Stem cells give rise to tissues and organs during development and maintain their integrity during adulthood. They have the potential to self-renew or differentiate at each division. To ensure proper organ growth and homeostasis, self-renewal versus differentiation decisions need to be tightly controlled. Systematic genetic studies in Drosophila melanogaster are revealing extensive regulatory networks that control the switch between stem cell self-renewal and differentiation in the germline. These networks, which are based primarily on mutual translational repression, act via interlocked feedback loops to provide robustness to this important fate decision.

scholarly journals Aubergine and piRNAs repress the proto-oncogene Cbl for germline stem cell self-renewal

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia Rojas-Ríos ◽  
Aymeric Chartier ◽  
Martine Simonelig
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Mrna Translation ◽  
Translational Repression ◽  
Germline Stem Cell ◽  
Germline Stem Cells ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Cell Lineages

AbstractPIWI proteins have essential roles in germ cells and stem cell lineages. In Drosophila, Piwi is required in somatic niche cells and germline stem cells (GSCs) for GSC self-renewal and differentiation. Whether and how other PIWI proteins are involved in GSC biology remains unknown. Here, we show that Aubergine (Aub), another PIWI protein, is intrinsically required in GSCs for their self-renewal and differentiation. Aub loading with piRNAs is essential for these functions. The major role of Aub is in self-renewal and depends on mRNA regulation. We identify the Cbl proto-oncogene, a regulator of mammalian hematopoietic stem cells, as a novel GSC differentiation factor. Aub represses Cbl mRNA translation for GSC self-renewal, and does so through recruitment of the CCR4-NOT complex. This study reveals the role of piRNAs and PIWI proteins in translational repression for stem cell homeostasis and highlights piRNAs as major post-transcriptional regulators in key developmental decisions.

scholarly journals Heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) is intrinsically required for post-transcriptional regulation of Drosophila Germline Stem Cell (GSC) maintenance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assunta Maria Casale ◽  
Ugo Cappucci ◽  
Laura Fanti ◽  
Lucia Piacentini
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Telomere Maintenance ◽  
Germline Stem Cell ◽  
Heterochromatin Protein 1 ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Heterochromatin Formation ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation

AbstractA very important open question in stem cells regulation is how the fine balance between GSCs self-renewal and differentiation is orchestrated at the molecular level. In the past several years much progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying intrinsic and extrinsic controls of GSC regulation but the complex gene regulatory networks that regulate stem cell behavior are only partially understood. HP1 is a dynamic epigenetic determinant mainly involved in heterochromatin formation, epigenetic gene silencing and telomere maintenance. Furthermore, recent studies have revealed the importance of HP1 in DNA repair, sister chromatid cohesion and, surprisingly, in positive regulation of gene expression. Here, we show that HP1 plays a crucial role in the control of GSC homeostasis in Drosophila. Our findings demonstrate that HP1 is required intrinsically to promote GSC self-renewal and progeny differentiation by directly stabilizing the transcripts of key genes involved in GSCs maintenance.

scholarly journals Phosphorylation of eIF2α Is a Translational Control Mechanism Regulating Muscle Stem Cell Quiescence and Self-Renewal

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Zismanov ◽  
Victor Chichkov ◽  
Veronica Colangelo ◽  
Solène Jamet ◽  
Shuo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Translational Control ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
Muscle Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Quiescence ◽  
Cell Quiescence

scholarly journals Histone H1-mediated epigenetic regulation controls germline stem cell self-renewal by modulating H4K16 acetylation

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Sun ◽  
Hui-Min Wei ◽  
Jiang Xu ◽  
Jian-Feng Chang ◽  
Zhihao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Histone H1 ◽  
Germline Stem Cell ◽  
Self Renewal ◽  
H4k16 Acetylation

scholarly journals Loss-of-Function Screen Reveals Novel Regulators Required for Drosophila Germline Stem Cell Self-Renewal

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yalan Xing ◽  
Irina Kurtz ◽  
Manisha Thuparani ◽  
Jillian Legard ◽  
Hannele Ruohola-Baker
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Germline Stem Cell ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Self Renewal

scholarly journals Stochastic antagonism between two proteins governs a bacterial cell fate switch

Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 366 (6461) ◽  
pp. 116-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan D. Lord ◽  
Thomas M. Norman ◽  
Ruoshi Yuan ◽  
Somenath Bakshi ◽  
Richard Losick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Fate ◽  
Regulatory Networks ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Cell Fate Determination ◽  
Cell Fate Decision ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Fate Decision ◽  
Antagonistic Interactions

Cell fate decision circuits must be variable enough for genetically identical cells to adopt a multitude of fates, yet ensure that these states are distinct, stably maintained, and coordinated with neighboring cells. A long-standing view is that this is achieved by regulatory networks involving self-stabilizing feedback loops that convert small differences into long-lived cell types. We combined regulatory mutants and in vivo reconstitution with theory for stochastic processes to show that the marquee features of a cell fate switch in Bacillus subtilis—discrete states, multigenerational inheritance, and timing of commitments—can instead be explained by simple stochastic competition between two constitutively produced proteins that form an inactive complex. Such antagonistic interactions are commonplace in cells and could provide powerful mechanisms for cell fate determination more broadly.

scholarly journals A Drosophila Chromatin Factor Interacts With the Piwi-Interacting RNA Mechanism in Niche Cells to Regulate Germline Stem Cell Self-Renewal

Genetics ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 186 (2) ◽  
pp. 573-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tora K. Smulders-Srinivasan ◽  
Akos Szakmary ◽  
Haifan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Germline Stem Cell ◽  
Self Renewal
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