Synergistic action of nectins and cadherins generates the mosaic cellular pattern of the olfactory epithelium

In the olfactory epithelium (OE), olfactory cells (OCs) and supporting cells (SCs), which express different cadherins, are arranged in a characteristic mosaic pattern in which OCs are enclosed by SCs. However, the mechanism underlying this cellular patterning is unclear. Here, we show that the cellular pattern of the OE is established by cellular rearrangements during development. In the OE, OCs express nectin-2 and N-cadherin, and SCs express nectin-2, nectin-3, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin. Heterophilic trans-interaction between nectin-2 on OCs and nectin-3 on SCs preferentially recruits cadherin via α-catenin to heterotypic junctions, and the differential distributions of cadherins between junctions promote cellular intercalations, resulting in the formation of the mosaic pattern. These observations are confirmed by model cell systems, and various cellular patterns are generated by the combinatorial expression of nectins and cadherins. Collectively, the synergistic action of nectins and cadherins generates mosaic pattern, which cannot be achieved by a single mechanism.

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Mosaic cellular patterning in the nose: Adhesion molecules give their two scents

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.201602023 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 212 (5) ◽

pp. 495-497 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gerard M.J. Beaudoin

Keyword(s):

Differential Expression ◽

Adhesion Molecules ◽

Olfactory Epithelium ◽

Sensory Cells ◽

Supporting Cells ◽

Mosaic Pattern ◽

Sense Of Smell ◽

Cell Biol ◽

Cellular Patterning

The sense of smell is mediated by the olfactory epithelium, which is composed of a mosaic pattern of olfactory sensory cells surrounded by supporting cells. In this issue, Katsunuma et al. (2016. J. Cell Biol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201509020) show that the differential expression of nectins and cadherins establishes this pattern.

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Electrical Activity and Histological Change in the Degenerating Olfactory Epithelium

The Journal of General Physiology ◽

10.1085/jgp.48.4.559 ◽

1965 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 559-569 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Sadayuki F. Takagi ◽

Toshi Yajima

Keyword(s):

Electrical Activity ◽

Olfactory Epithelium ◽

Histological Change ◽

Supporting Cell ◽

Olfactory Nerve ◽

Supporting Cells ◽

Nerve Section ◽

Histological Changes ◽

Olfactory Cells ◽

Electrical Responses

Electrical activity and histological changes were studied in the degenerating olfactory epithelium of the bullfrog after the olfactory nerve had been sectioned. After nerve section, the electrical responses to odors disappeared in the olfactory epithelium in 8 days in the summer, in 11 days in the early autumn, and in 16 days in the early winter. In the degenerating olfactory epithelium a striking decrease in the number of olfactory cells was found, but not of supporting cells. The ratio of the number of olfactory cells to that of supporting cells was found to decrease from 5 or 6 to below 2 after the nerve section. At a ratio below 2, the electrical responses to odor disappeared. The histological changes in the bullfrog are compared with those in the mouse and rabbit. The localization of the olfactory pigment and the electrical activity of the supporting cell are discussed. It was concluded that all three types of responses to odors originate from the activity of the olfactory cell.

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The olfactory organ of schilbid catfish Eutropiichthys vacha (Hamilton, 1822): morphological and ultrastructural studies

The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology ◽

10.1186/s41936-020-00200-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 82 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Saroj Kumar Ghosh

Keyword(s):

Staining Intensity ◽

Olfactory Organ ◽

Sensory Receptor ◽

Basal Cells ◽

Supporting Cells ◽

Ultrastructural Studies ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

Olfactory Cells ◽

Sensory Receptor Cells ◽

Olfactory Organs

Abstract Background A study of the olfactory organ structure in freshwater catfish, Eutropiichthys vacha, was carried out to explore the cellular constituents by aid of light as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Results The paired elongated olfactory organs were situated on the dorsolateral facet of the head in the mold of simple pits. The olfactory organ was made up of a series of leaflets, the lamellae, which embedded into both sideways of slender central raphe, forming a rosette distinguished with sensory and nonsensory areas. The sensory receptor cells were present on sideward surface and linguiform process of olfactory lamella while the rest of the portion of the lamella was lined with nonsensory epithelium. Olfactory cells were characterized by their staining intensity, outline, surface features, and comprehensive morphology in the epithelium. The sensory mucosa was defined by the occurrence of three types of neuron: classic types bearing either cilia or numerous microvilli and third type having rod-shaped architecture. The nonsensory epithelium was composed of mucous cells, labyrinth cells, mast cells, and two types of supporting cells categorized as ciliated or nonciliated. Basal cells lie deep in the olfactory lining, near the central core. Conclusion The structural components of the olfactory apparatus crucial for olfaction were correlated with the behavioral activities of fish.

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Postnatal changes in the ultrastructure of the rat olfactory epithelium: the supranuclear region of the supporting cells

Cell and Tissue Research ◽

10.1007/bf00318154 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 265 (1) ◽

pp. 193-196 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Andr�s S. Mendoza ◽

Wolfgang K�hnel

Keyword(s):

Olfactory Epithelium ◽

Supporting Cells

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Ultrastructure of Olfactory Epithelia in Mice after Smoke Exposure

Annals of Otology Rhinology & Laryngology ◽

10.1177/000348947408300207 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

pp. 192-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Daniel H. Matulionis

Keyword(s):

Cigarette Smoke ◽

Olfactory Epithelium ◽

Strain Differences ◽

Cell Types ◽

Ultrastructural Level ◽

Supporting Cell ◽

Morphological Alteration ◽

Supporting Cells ◽

Epithelial Surface ◽

Genetically Determined

Olfactory epithelium from three groups of C57B1/6J and SWR/J mice exposed once or twice daily to 10% cigarette smoke for six or nine days was examined at the ultrastructural level. Olfactory epithelium of SWR/J experimental mice was not affected by cigarette smoke. However, prominent alterations were noted in this epithelium of C57B1/6J smoke treated mice. These alterations included a reduction in size and (possibly) number of olfactory vesicles which sometimes failed to protrude above the epithelial surface and greatly reduced numbers of olfactory vesicle sensory cilia. In the supporting cell population an abnormal electron-lucent cell type was noted among the usually darker types. Both cell types were frequently found protruding abnormally above the epithelial surface. Microvilli of supporting cells were markedly reduced in number. The present study revealed that the olfactory epithelia in all mice of the same strain are not affected equally by acute smoke exposures. In affected animals the degree of morphological alteration suggests that normal olfaction might have been impaired. Strain differences in reaction to smoke insult indicate that susceptibility is genetically determined.

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Olfactory epithelium consisting of supporting cells and horizontal basal cells in the posterior nasal cavity of mice

Cell and Tissue Research ◽

10.1007/s004410050030 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 299 (3) ◽

pp. 313-325 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Yuko Suzuki ◽

Masako Takeda ◽

Nobuko Obara ◽

Noriyo Suzuki ◽

Norihito Takeichi

Keyword(s):

Nasal Cavity ◽

Olfactory Epithelium ◽

Basal Cells ◽

Supporting Cells ◽

Horizontal Basal Cells

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Enhancement of the Olfactory Response by Lipocalin Cp-Lip1 in Newt Olfactory Receptor Cells: An Electrophysiological Study

Chemical Senses ◽

10.1093/chemse/bjz048 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (7) ◽

pp. 523-533

Author(s):

Tadashi Nakamura ◽

Yoshihiro Noumi ◽

Hiroyuki Yamakawa ◽

Atsushi Nakamura ◽

Durige Wen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Olfactory Epithelium ◽

Olfactory Receptor ◽

Electrophysiological Study ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Impulse Frequency ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner ◽

Olfactory Receptor Cells ◽

Receptor Cells ◽

Electrophysiological Responses ◽

Olfactory Cells

Abstract Previously, we have detected the expression of 2 lipocalin genes (lp1 and lp2) in the olfactory epithelium of the Japanese newt Cynops pyrrhogaster. Recombinant proteins of these genes (Cp-Lip1 and Cp-Lip2, respectively) exhibited high affinities to various odorants, suggesting that they work like the odorant-binding proteins (OBPs). However, the physiological functions of OBP generally remain inconclusive. Here, we examined the effect of Cp-Lip1 on the electrophysiological responses of newt olfactory receptor cells. We observed that the electro-olfactogram induced by the vapor of an odorant with high affinity to Cp-Lip1 appeared to increase in amplitude when a tiny drop of Cp-Lip1 solution was dispersed over the olfactory epithelium. However, the analysis was difficult because of possible interference by intrinsic components in the nasal mucus. We subsequently adopted a mucus-free condition by using suction electrode recordings from isolated olfactory cells, in which impulses were generated by puffs of odorant solution. When various concentration (0–5 µM) of Cp-Lip1 was mixed with the stimulus solution of odorants highly affinitive to Cp-Lip1, the impulse frequency increased in a concentration-dependent manner. The increase by Cp-Lip1 was seen more evidently at lower concentration ranges of stimulus odorants. These results strongly suggest that Cp-Lip1 broadens the sensitivity of the olfactory cells toward the lower concentration of odorants, by which animals can detect very low concentration of odorants.

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Comparison of the Nasal Olfactory Organs of Various Species of Lizardfishes (Teleostei: Aulopiformes: Synodontidae) with Additional Remarks on the Brain

International Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1155/2010/807913 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 2010 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

L. Fishelson ◽

D. Golani ◽

B. Galil ◽

M. Goren

Keyword(s):

Olfactory Epithelium ◽

Olfactory Receptor ◽

Olfactory Receptor Neurons ◽

Adult Fish ◽

Supporting Cells ◽

Receptor Neurons ◽

Olfactory Organs ◽

Species Specific ◽

The Brain

The olfactory organs of lizardfishes (Synodontidae) are situated in two capsules connected to the outside by incurrent and excurrent openings. The olfactory epithelium is in form of petal rosettes each composed of lamellae and a rephe, and bear olfactory receptor neurons, supporting cells and cells with kinocillia. The dimension of rosettes and lamellae, as well as the number of lamellae, increase with growth of the fish; until in adult fish these parameters remaine constant, species specific. In adultSynodusspp. andTrachinocephalus myopsthe rosettes are 3.5–4.0 mm long, with 5–8 lamellae, whereas inSauridaspp. they are 8.0 mm and possess up tp 22 lamellae. The number of ORN ranges from 2,600 on the smaller lamellae to 20,000 on the largest ones. The number of ORN/m of olfactory is ca. 30,000 inSauridaspp. Thus the rosettes ofS. macrolepiswith 20 lamellae possess a total of ca. 170,000 ORN, whereas those ofSy. variegatusandT. myopswith the average of six lamellae possess only ca. 50,000–65,000 ORN. The olfactory nerves lead from the rosettes to the olfactory balbs situated on the olfactory lobes. The differences among the species in olfactory organs are discussed in correlation with their distribution.

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