scholarly journals Mosaic cellular patterning in the nose: Adhesion molecules give their two scents

2016 ◽  
Vol 212 (5) ◽  
pp. 495-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard M.J. Beaudoin
Keyword(s):  
Differential Expression ◽  
Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Mosaic Pattern ◽  
Sense Of Smell ◽  
Cell Biol ◽  
Cellular Patterning

The sense of smell is mediated by the olfactory epithelium, which is composed of a mosaic pattern of olfactory sensory cells surrounded by supporting cells. In this issue, Katsunuma et al. (2016. J. Cell Biol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201509020) show that the differential expression of nectins and cadherins establishes this pattern.

scholarly journals Synergistic action of nectins and cadherins generates the mosaic cellular pattern of the olfactory epithelium

2016 ◽  
Vol 212 (5) ◽  
pp. 561-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayaka Katsunuma ◽  
Hisao Honda ◽  
Tomoyasu Shinoda ◽  
Yukitaka Ishimoto ◽  
Takaki Miyata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Synergistic Action ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Mosaic Pattern ◽  
Cell Systems ◽  
Single Mechanism ◽  
Cellular Pattern ◽  
Model Cell ◽  
Olfactory Cells ◽  
Combinatorial Expression

In the olfactory epithelium (OE), olfactory cells (OCs) and supporting cells (SCs), which express different cadherins, are arranged in a characteristic mosaic pattern in which OCs are enclosed by SCs. However, the mechanism underlying this cellular patterning is unclear. Here, we show that the cellular pattern of the OE is established by cellular rearrangements during development. In the OE, OCs express nectin-2 and N-cadherin, and SCs express nectin-2, nectin-3, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin. Heterophilic trans-interaction between nectin-2 on OCs and nectin-3 on SCs preferentially recruits cadherin via α-catenin to heterotypic junctions, and the differential distributions of cadherins between junctions promote cellular intercalations, resulting in the formation of the mosaic pattern. These observations are confirmed by model cell systems, and various cellular patterns are generated by the combinatorial expression of nectins and cadherins. Collectively, the synergistic action of nectins and cadherins generates mosaic pattern, which cannot be achieved by a single mechanism.

scholarly journals Histological, Topographical and Ultrastructural Organization of Different Cells Lining the Olfactory Epithelium of Red Piranha, Pygocentrus nattereri (Characiformes, Serrasalmidae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 447-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Ghosh ◽  
P. Chakrabarti
Keyword(s):  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Sensory Epithelium ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Ultrastructural Organization ◽  
Basal Cells ◽  
Mucous Cells ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Receptor Cells ◽  
Pygocentrus Nattereri

Abstract The structural characterization of the olfactory epithelium in Pygocentrus nattereri Kner, 1858 was studied with the help of light as well as scanning and transmission electron microscope. The oval shaped olfactory rosette consisted of 26–28 primary lamellae radiated from midline raphe. The olfactory epithelium of each lamella was well distributed by sensory and non-sensory epithelium. The sensory epithelium contained morphologically distinct ciliated and microvillous receptor cells, supporting cells and basal cells. The non-sensory epithelium was made up of labyrinth cells, mucous cells and stratified epithelial cells. According to TEM investigation elongated rod emerging out from dendrite end of the receptor cells in the free space. The dendrite process of microvillous receptor cells contained microvilli. The supporting cells had lobular nucleus with clearly seen electron dense nucleolus. The apex of the ciliated non-sensory cells was broad and provided with plenty of kinocilia. Basal cells provided with oval nucleus and contained small number of secretory granules. The mucous cells were restricted to the non-sensory areas and the nuclei situated basally and filled with about two-third of the vesicles. The functional significance of various cells lining the olfactory epithelium was discussed with mode of life and living of fish concerned.

scholarly journals Differential expression and distribution of epithelial adhesion molecules in non-small cell lung cancer and normal bronchus

2007 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 608-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
M C Boelens ◽  
A van den Berg ◽  
I Vogelzang ◽  
J Wesseling ◽  
D S Postma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung

Ultrastructure of the lophophoral tentacles in the genus Phoronis (Phoronida, Lophophorata)

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 1861-1868 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Pardos ◽  
C. Roldán ◽  
J. Benito ◽  
A. Aguirre ◽  
I. Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Cell Types ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Blood Capillary ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Connective Tissue Layer ◽  
Hollow Structures ◽  
Building Activities ◽  
Abundance And Distribution ◽  
Epidermal Gland

The lophophoral tentacles of two phoronids, Phoronis psammophila and Phoronis hippocrepia, are described from an ultrastructural point of view. The tentacles are hollow structures, with an epidermis exhibiting supporting cells, sensory cells, and four types of gland cells, A, B1, B2, B3. The epidermis rests on a connective tissue layer, tubular in shape, enclosing a coelomic space lined by myoepithelial mesothelium (peritoneum). There is a single blood capillary in the tentacular coelomic cavity, attached to the frontal face of the tentacle, with contractile walls derived from the peritoneum. Both erythrocytes and amoebocyte-like cells occur inside the capillary. Differences between the tentacles of these two species and those of Phoronis australis, whose structure is already known, mainly concern the abundance and distribution of the epidermal gland cell types and are related to the burrowing and tube-building activities of these animals in different substrata.

Fine Structure of the Eye of a Nudibranch Mollusc, Hermissenda Crassicornis

1967 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-358
Author(s):  
R. M. EAKIN ◽  
JANE A. WESTFALL ◽  
M. J. DENNIS
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fine Structure ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Small Bodies ◽  
Receptor Cells

The eye of a nudibranch, Hermissenda crassicornis, was studied by light and electron microscopy. Three kinds of cells were observed: large sensory cells, each bearing at one end an array of microvilli (rhabdomere) and at the other end an axon which leaves the eye by the optic nerve; large pigmented supporting cells; and small epithelial cells, mostly corneal. There are five sensory cells, and the same number of nerve fibres in the optic nerve. The receptor cells contain an abundance of small vesicles, 600-800 Å in diameter. The lens is a spheroidal mass of osmiophilic, finely granular material. A basal lamina and a capsule of connective tissue enclose the eye. In some animals the eye is ‘infected’ with very small bodies, 4-5 µ in diameter, thought to be symbionts.

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