scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF THE LONG CHAIN PHENOMENON OF GROUP A STREPTOCOCCI

1963 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 583-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome J. Hahn ◽  
Roger M. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Antibody Fragments ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Technique ◽  
Group A Streptococci ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
Free Antibody ◽  
Group A ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Long Chains

The formation and destruction of long chains by growth of Group A streptococci in the presence of type-specific antibody have been studied with the fluorescent antibody technique. Long chain formation has been shown to depend on the presence of free antibody during the growth of the bacteria. Destruction of long chains has been shown to depend on the continued growth and division of the bacteria in the absence of free antibody. Univalent antibody fragments formed by proteolytic digestion of antibody globulin have been shown to have the combining properties of untreated antibody but do not result in the production of long chains. A model involving end-to-end agglutination during growth of Group A streptococci has been presented to explain the mechanism of production of long chains by growth of Group A streptococci in the presence of type-specific antibody.

Comparison of fluorescent antibody, bacitracin susceptibility, latex agglutination, coagglutination, and API 20S for identifying group A streptococci

1985 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-338
Author(s):  
R. J. Lesher ◽  
A. E. Casiano-Colon
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Technique ◽  
Group A Streptococci ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Group A ◽  
Precipitin Test ◽  
Better Than

A total of 200 beta-hemolytic streptococci, isolated from clinical specimens submitted to our laboratory, were identified as group A versus non-A using the fluorescent antibody technique (FA), bacitracin susceptibility (BBL, Difco, and Raven disks), SeroSTAT, Streptex, Phadebact, and the API 20S system. Of the 122 group A isolates, all methods except SeroSTAT and Phadebact yielded 92–99% agreement when compared with the Lancefield precipitin test. Phadebact yielded an 84% agreement and SeroSTAT changed from 83 to 98% after trypsinization. Numerous false positives were obtained and only FA (91%) and API 20S (96%) yielded better than 90% agreement on non-A identification when compared with the Lancefield test. The most false positives were obtained (45%) using the SeroSTAT reagents. Considering accuracy, our data suggests the FA technique to be the method of choice for identifying group A streptococci.

STUDIES ON THE IMMUNOLOGICAL SPECIFICITY OF AUTOLOGOUS GAMMA-GLOBULIN IN THE GLOMERULI OF RABBITS WITH EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 897-904
Author(s):  
A. L. Sherwin ◽  
A. Leznoff ◽  
M. Richter ◽  
B. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
High Titer ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Technique ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
Immunological Specificity

Experimental glomerulonephritis was induced in rabbits by the intravenous administration of chicken antirabbit glomerulus serum (nephrotoxic serum). These rabbits were simultaneously immunized, either actively or passively, with bovine serum albumin or ovalbumin. Autologous gamma-globulin was identified in the glomeruli of these nephritic rabbits by means of the fluorescent antibody technique. It was not possible to demonstrate the presence of an anti-BSA or anti-OA component in the gamma-globulin even though these antibodies were present in high titer in the blood. This suggests that the autologous gamma-globulin present in the lesions is entirely specific antibody rather than an accumulation of serum gamma-globulin.

STUDIES ON THE IMMUNOLOGICAL SPECIFICITY OF AUTOLOGOUS GAMMA-GLOBULIN IN THE GLOMERULI OF RABBITS WITH EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 897-904
Author(s):  
A. L. Sherwin ◽  
A. Leznoff ◽  
M. Richter ◽  
B. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
High Titer ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Technique ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
Immunological Specificity

Experimental glomerulonephritis was induced in rabbits by the intravenous administration of chicken antirabbit glomerulus serum (nephrotoxic serum). These rabbits were simultaneously immunized, either actively or passively, with bovine serum albumin or ovalbumin. Autologous gamma-globulin was identified in the glomeruli of these nephritic rabbits by means of the fluorescent antibody technique. It was not possible to demonstrate the presence of an anti-BSA or anti-OA component in the gamma-globulin even though these antibodies were present in high titer in the blood. This suggests that the autologous gamma-globulin present in the lesions is entirely specific antibody rather than an accumulation of serum gamma-globulin.

scholarly journals GROUP A STREPTOCOCCUS POLYSACCHARIDE: STUDIES ON ITS PREPARATION, CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, AND CELLULAR LOCALIZATION AFTER INTRAVENOUS INJECTION INTO MICE

1952 ◽  
Vol 95 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Willard C. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Intravenous Injection ◽  
Cellular Localization ◽  
Group A Streptococcus ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Technique ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
Group A ◽  
Renal Tubular

A method was developed for the extraction of the group A streptococcus polysaccharide employing pepsin digestion of ground streptococcal cells. This method did not result in the isolation of polysaccharide with chemical and physical chemical properties different from those exhibited by preparations extracted with hot formamide. Studies of the chemical composition of this polysaccharide demonstrated it to be composed chiefly of rhamnose and glucosamine monosaccharide units in the approximate ratio of five moles of rhamnose to two moles of glucosamine. The fate of the polysaccharide after intravenous injection into mice was studied using the fluorescent antibody technique. It was found to be rapidly eliminated by the kidney. The presence of the polysaccharide in the renal tubular epithelial cells during the excretory phase was the only evidence of its cellular localization that could be detected under the conditions of these experiments.

scholarly journals FACTORS AFFECTING THE CHAIN LENGTH OF GROUP A STREPTOCOCCI

1960 ◽  
Vol 112 (4) ◽  
pp. 687-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard D. Ekstedt ◽  
Gene H. Stollerman
Keyword(s):  
Surface Antigens ◽  
M Protein ◽  
Specific Inhibition ◽  
Group A Streptococci ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Group A ◽  
Virulent Group ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Long Chains

Minute amounts of M protein were detected in culture supernates of virulent Group A streptococci by type-specific inhibition of the long chain and the bactericidal tests for anti-M antibody. The amount of M protein that was detected by the inhibition of these biological systems was less than could be demonstrated by precipitation tests. All strains of streptococci rich in M protein which were studied formed long chains when grown in sufficient concentrations of anti-M antibody. Very low concentrations of anti-M antibody escaped detection by the long chain test when strains of excessive M protein content were employed. Under such conditions the bactericidal test detected anti-M antibody more sensitively than the long chain test owing to the smaller inoculum employed in the former method. The scission of streptococcal chains may be inhibited by union of antibodies with surface antigens other than M protein. Long chains were formed when M-negative, R-positive strains were grown in sera containing anti-R antibody.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF THE "LONG CHAIN REACTION" AS A MEANS FOR DETECTING TYPE-SPECIFIC ANTIBODY TO GROUP A STREPTOCOCCI IN HUMAN SERA

1959 ◽  
Vol 110 (6) ◽  
pp. 887-897 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gene H. Stollerman ◽  
Alan C. Siegel ◽  
Eloise E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Group A Streptococci ◽  
Biological Test ◽  
Liquid Media ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Human Type ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
Group A ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Long Chain

Certain strains of Group A streptococci showed striking increase in chain length when grown in liquid media to which was added human sera that contained antibody to M protein of homologous type. This "long chain reaction" was shown to be a highly specific and sensitive biological test for human type-specific antibody and correlated closely with the classical bactericidal test. Patients infected with Type 12 or Type 3 Group A streptococci showed the appearance of anti-M antibody in their sera by both methods at similar intervals during convalescence. Of 217 sera studied in these patients the two tests showed agreement in all but 11 specimens. Of 99 patients who were bled serially following Type 12 or Type 3 infections, and whose sera were tested by both methods, there was close agreement, the bactericidal test being only slightly more sensitive. The advantages and limitations of this new biological test for human type-specific immunity are discussed.

Rapid quantification and in situ detection of nitrifying bacteria in biofilms by monoclonal antibody method

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Noda ◽  
H. Ikuta ◽  
Y. Ebie ◽  
A. Hirata ◽  
S. Tsuneda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Nitrifying Bacteria ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Technique ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
Antibody Method ◽  
In Situ Detection ◽  
Rapid Quantification

Fluorescent antibody technique by the monoclonal antibody method is very useful and helpful for the rapid quantification and in situ detection of the specific bacteria like nitrifiers in a mixed baxterial habitat such as a biofilm. In this study, twelve monoclonal antibodies against Nitrosomonas europaea (IFO14298) and sixteen against Nitrobacter winogradskyi (IFO14297) were raised from splenocytes of mice (BALB/c). It was found that these antibodies exhibited little cross reactivity against various kinds of heterotrophic bacteria. The direct cell count method using monoclonal antibodies could exactly detect and rapidly quantify N. europaea and N. winogradskyi. Moreover, the distribution of N. europaea and N. winogradskyi in a biofilm could be examined by in situ fluorescent antibody technique. It was shown that most of N. winogradskyi existed near the surface part and most of N. europaea existed at the inner part of the polyethylene glycol (PEG) gel pellet, which had entrapped activated sludge and used in a landfill leachate treatment reactor. It was suggested that this monoclonal antibody method was utilized for estimating and controlling the population of nitrifying bacteria as a quick and favorable tool.

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