STUDIES ON THE IMMUNOLOGICAL SPECIFICITY OF AUTOLOGOUS GAMMA-GLOBULIN IN THE GLOMERULI OF RABBITS WITH EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 897-904
Author(s):  
A. L. Sherwin ◽  
A. Leznoff ◽  
M. Richter ◽  
B. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
High Titer ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Technique ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
Immunological Specificity

Experimental glomerulonephritis was induced in rabbits by the intravenous administration of chicken antirabbit glomerulus serum (nephrotoxic serum). These rabbits were simultaneously immunized, either actively or passively, with bovine serum albumin or ovalbumin. Autologous gamma-globulin was identified in the glomeruli of these nephritic rabbits by means of the fluorescent antibody technique. It was not possible to demonstrate the presence of an anti-BSA or anti-OA component in the gamma-globulin even though these antibodies were present in high titer in the blood. This suggests that the autologous gamma-globulin present in the lesions is entirely specific antibody rather than an accumulation of serum gamma-globulin.

STUDIES ON THE IMMUNOLOGICAL SPECIFICITY OF AUTOLOGOUS GAMMA-GLOBULIN IN THE GLOMERULI OF RABBITS WITH EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 897-904
Author(s):  
A. L. Sherwin ◽  
A. Leznoff ◽  
M. Richter ◽  
B. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
High Titer ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Technique ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
Immunological Specificity

Experimental glomerulonephritis was induced in rabbits by the intravenous administration of chicken antirabbit glomerulus serum (nephrotoxic serum). These rabbits were simultaneously immunized, either actively or passively, with bovine serum albumin or ovalbumin. Autologous gamma-globulin was identified in the glomeruli of these nephritic rabbits by means of the fluorescent antibody technique. It was not possible to demonstrate the presence of an anti-BSA or anti-OA component in the gamma-globulin even though these antibodies were present in high titer in the blood. This suggests that the autologous gamma-globulin present in the lesions is entirely specific antibody rather than an accumulation of serum gamma-globulin.

scholarly journals CELLULAR SITES OF FORMATION OF GAMMA GLOBULIN

1957 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Ortega ◽  
R. C. Mellors
Keyword(s):  
Germinal Center ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Germinal Centers ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Technique ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
Reticular Cells ◽  
Parenchymal Cells

The cellular sites of formation of γglobulin in lymphatic tissues of man and in a representative human lymphoid infiltrate have been studied by fluorescent antibody technique. The findings indicate that γ-globulin is formed in the germinal centers of lymphatic nodules and in the cytoplasm of mature and immature plasma cells of two types—those with and those without Russell bodies. The germinal center cells that synthesize γ-globulin have been designated "intrinsic" cells to distinguish them from the medium and large lymphocytes, and the primitive reticular cells that occur elsewhere and do not produce γ-globulin. Unlike the plasma cells, which function as individual units, the intrinsic cells apparently form γ-globulin only when they are arranged in discrete aggregations. The function, the blood supply, and the systematic cellular arrangement of germinal centers justifies the postulate that they are miniature organs of internal secretion of γ-globulin. The release of γ-globulin from its sites of formation appears to be accomplished by holocrine and apocrine secretion. Presumably, these secretory mechanisms are adaptations required for the production of antibody since they have not been described in parenchymal cells that form the other serum proteins. The cells found to form γ-globulin appear to be identical with those previously shown to form specific antibody in response to a variety of antigens in the experimental animal. This evidence indicates that normal γ-globulin, if it exists, originates in the same cells that produce antibody. It is suggested, also, that each of the 3 morphologically distinct categories of cells that synthesize γ-globulin represents a response to a particular form of antigenic stimulation. Nuclear participation in the process of γ-globulin synthesis was not detected by the technique employed.

ANTI-BOVINE SERUM ALBUMIN AND ANTI-ALPHA LACTALBUMIN IN THE SERUM OF CHILDREN AND ADULTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1965 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 571-588
Author(s):  
Richard M. Rothberg ◽  
Richard S. Farr
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Skin Tests ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
Antigen Antibody ◽  
Alpha Lactalbumin

1. Because precipitin, hemagglutination, and complement-fixation tests measure secondary manifestations of antigen-antibody interactions and are sometimes negative even after a primary antigen-antibody reaction has occurred in vitro, the incidence and amount of anti-bovine serum albumin (BSA) was evaluated in the sera from 900 children and adults by means of precipitating I131-labeled BSA-antibody complexes with 50% saturated ammonium sulfate. A similar study using I131-labeled alpha lactalbumin (ALA) was performed on 718 of this same group of sera. 2. Antibody to BSA was detected more frequently among children (75%) than among young adults 16 to 40 years of age (25%), or among older age groups (8%). 3. The incidence of detectable antibody to ALA had the same age distribution, but only half the frequency as anti-BSA. 4. In contrast to the near absence of antibody in the cord serum as measured by hemagglutination titers using red cells coated with milk proteins, most of the antibody detected in maternal sera in the present study was able to cross the placental barrier and was present in the cord sera. 5. The incidence of both anti-BSA or anti-ALA was the same in males and females. 6. If a given sera bound both IBSA and IALA, the anti-BSA activity was usually, but not always, greater than the anti-ALA activity. 7. No shared antigenicity was detected between IBSA and ovalbumin, insulin, protamine, diptheria, and tetanus toxoid, pertussis vaccine, poliomyelitis vaccine, and influenza vaccine. The apparent inhibiting effects of unlabeled bovine gamma-globulin and ALA on IBSA binding were probably due to trace amounts of BSA in these protein preparations. 8. BSA, ovalbumin, and bovine gamma-globulin had no detectable shared anti-genicity with IALA. 9. Positive skin tests to milk or BSA did not correlate with the anti-BSA levels measured in the serum. 10. The incidence of persons with anti-BSA and anti-ALA was comparable among the "patient" and "well" populations. Ten of the 31 sera with the greatest capacity to bind IBSA were from the "well" population, the remaining 21 sera were from children with a variety of disease states.

scholarly journals HISTOLOGICAL AND SEROLOGICAL SEQUENCES IN EXPERIMENTAL HYPERSENSITIVITY

1947 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 571-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clinton Van Zandt Hawn ◽  
Charles A. Janeway
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Protein Solutions ◽  
Pathological Lesions ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Foreign Proteins ◽  
Antigen Antibody

1. Groups of normal rabbits were given, single intravenous injections of foreign proteins in doses of 1 gm. per kilo, bled at regular intervals for serologic studies, and sacrificed after varying lengths of time for pathological studies. The protein solutions used were of crystallized bovine serum albumin, bovine serum gamma globulin, and bovine serum. The experiments were planned, first, to correlate the sequence of pathological and immunological changes, and second, to compare the responses to two chemically and immunologically distinct plasma protein fractions and to the whole serum of the same species. 2. (a) The principal pathological lesions in rabbits given bovine serum were similar to those which have been previously observed following, the injection of horse serum and were characterized by widely dispersed but segmental acute inflammatory lesions of the arteries. These lesions were at their height 2 weeks after injection and showed marked repair at 4 weeks. (b) Crystallized bovine serum albumin produced lesions almost exclusively confined to the arteries which were at their height at 2 weeks, were healing at 3, and healed by 4 weeks. The lesions were less numerous and less intense than in animals given whole serum and were only found in some of the animals. (c) Bovine serum gamma globulin elicited quite different histologic sequences. The most striking lesions involved the glomeruli of the kidneys, and to a lesser degree, the heart. Lesions in the liver and joints were present but less conspicuous, and arterial lesions were rare and slight in degree. The lesions not only differed from those in rabbits given albumin in distribution but in timing, since they were most widespread and acute at 1 week and were healing at 2 weeks after injection. Moreover, lesions were observed in almost every animal. 3. Results of immunological studies were consistent with the interpretation that the pathological lesions were due to an antigen-antibody reaction in the tissues, as shown by the following: (a) Acute lesions were only observed when antigen was present and before antibody appeared in the circulation. (b) Healing of lesions was only observed (with one exception) when antigen had almost or completely disappeared from the circulation, usually with the appearance of antibody. (c) There was a correlation between the rapidity of evolution of the lesions and the rapidity with which the antigen disappeared from the circulation. (d) There was a rough correlation between the proportion of animals showing lesions and the proportion developing antibodies after the injection of a particular protein solution.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF ANTIBODY ON INTRACELLULAR PARASITISM OF SALMONELLA TYPHIMURIUM IN MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTES IN VITRO

1959 ◽  
Vol 110 (5) ◽  
pp. 715-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justus Gelzer ◽  
Emanuel Suter
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody ◽  
Immune Serum ◽  
Mononuclear Phagocytes ◽  
Fluorescent Antibody Technique ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Infected Cells

The effect of antibody on the fate of Salmonella typhimurium within mononuclear phagocytes (MN) of rabbits was studied in vitro. Monocytes and bacteria were incubated either in absence or presence of antibody. After 45 minutes during which phagocytosis occurred infected cells were washed to remove extracellular bacilli and free antibody. The cells were then reincubated in a medium without addition of antibody, and the interaction between the MN and bacteria was followed, correlating bacterial viability and the morphology of the mixture. The following results were obtained. The anti-Salmonella antibody was not bactericidal even in presence of complement and did not enhance phagocytosis. Regardless of whether antibody was present or absent during phagocytosis, the bacteria appeared to multiply within the cells. When no antibody was present during phagocytosis the infected cells were severely damaged within a few hours of incubation, and extensive extracellular multiplication was dominating. When antibody was present during phagocytosis MN packed with bacteria persisted for a long time. Little or no extracellular growth occurred. It was possible to demonstrate the presence of the antibody within the infected MN, using the fluorescent antibody technique. The antibody appeared as a coat around the bacteria. Antibody entered the cells only during phagocytosis, presumably attached to the bacteria. The active factor of the immune serum was found in the gamma globulin fraction and reacted specifically with the somatic antigen of Salmonella typhimurium. The antiflagellar portion of the antiserum was not involved in the phenomenon described. It is concluded that this antibody protects monocytes against the effect of intracellularly located Salmonella.

Enhanced specific antibody response to bovine serum albumin in pigeons due to L-carnitine supplementation

2000 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.P.J. Janssens ◽  
J. Mast ◽  
B.M. Goddeeris ◽  
E. Cox ◽  
M. Hesta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Antibody Response ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Carnitine Supplementation ◽  
Specific Antibody Response

Carbon Nanotubes for Immunomagnetic Separation of Escherichia Coli O157:H7

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 868-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Lin ◽  
Xiuping Jiang ◽  
Tara Elkin ◽  
K. A. Shiral Fernando ◽  
Lingrong Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Immunomagnetic Separation ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Bovine serum albumin-functionalized multiple-walled carbon nanotubes with encapsulated ferromagnetic elements were conjugated with pathogen-specific antibody, and the conjugate was evaluated for immunomagnetic separation of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in pure and mixed (with Salmonella Typhimurium) cultures.

scholarly journals ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDIES OF EXPERIMENTAL NEPHRITIS WITH FERRITIN-CONJUGATED ANTIBODY

1963 ◽  
Vol 117 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe A. Andres ◽  
Beatrice C. Seegal ◽  
Konrad C. Hsu ◽  
Mildred S. Rothenberg ◽  
Madeleine L. Chapeau
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Chronic Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Antibody Technique ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Endogenous Proteins ◽  
Antigen Antibody

Acute, subacute, and chronic glomerulonephritis, similar in certain features to human glomerulonephritis, has been produced in rabbits by repeated injections of bovine serum albumin. The ratio of antigen to antibody was the factor determining the development and type of glomerulonephritis. This is in confirmation of the observations of Dixon, Feldman, and Vazquez. With the aid of the ferritin antibody technique it was shown that antigen aggregates (probably antigen-antibody complexes) are present in the blood, cross the endothelium and the basement membrane, and accumulate as dense deposits between the basement membrane and the epithelial cytoplasm. In the deposits electron-dense aggregates formed by antigen or by antigen-antibody complexes and material which might be other endogenous proteins may be identified. In rabbits dead of anaphylactic shock following injection of bovine serum albumin, dense material was found within glomerular capillaries, presumably formed by the embolic deposition of antigen-antibody complexes, since the immunofluorescein and immunoferritin techniques demonstrated the presence of both BSA and rabbit globulin.

scholarly journals A PARAFFIN EMBEDDING TECHNIQUE FOR STUDIES EMPLOYING IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE

1962 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUY SAINTE-MARIE
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Influenza A Virus ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Frozen Sections ◽  
Rabbit Antibody ◽  
Paraffin Embedding ◽  
Embedding Technique

A method is described for the fixation of blocks of tissue for use in studies employing immunofluorescence. This method consists of fixing thin blocks in 95% ethanol and carrying out the subsequent dehydration and clearing at refrigerator temperatures (4°C). Thereafter, embedding in paraffin and sectioning by the standard microtomy is easy. This method results in preparations which are histologically more precise in the localization of antigen or antibody than preparations of frozen tissues; and with rabbit antibody and bovine serum albumin, the sensitivity of detection is enhanced. Bovine serum albumin can be found for longer periods after injection than is possible with frozen sections. Other antigens for which this procedure has proved satisfactory are bovine gamma globulin, horse ferritin, influenza A virus, diphtheria and tetanus toxoids. Hen's ovalbumin deteriorated. New antigens or new antibodies should be tested before being committed to this method.

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