scholarly journals IMMUNOGLOBULINS ON THE SURFACE OF THYMUS-DERIVED CELLS ENGAGED IN THE INITIATION OF A HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE

1971 ◽  
Vol 134 (3) ◽  
pp. 618-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Lesley ◽  
J. R. Kettman ◽  
R. W. Dutton
Keyword(s):  
Precursor Cell ◽  
Antigen Recognition ◽  
Light Chains ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Normal Spleen ◽  
Kappa Light Chains ◽  
Immune Spleen Cells

Preculture treatment of normal spleen cells with antiserum against mouse kappa light chains and complement was found to inhibit in vitro responses of these cells to TNP and erythrocyte (carrier) antigens, primarily by elimination of a thymus-derived helper component required for the response. Spleen populations inactivated in this way could be reconstituted with irradiated, carrier-immune spleen cells or with carrier-educated thymus-derived spleen cells. The ability of helper populations (i.e. irradiated, carrier-immune spleen cells or carrier-educated thymus-derived spleen cells) to enhance the response of normal spleen cells to hapten was eliminated by pretreatment of the helper cells with anti-kappa serum and complement. No significant effect of anti-kappa and complement treatment on precursor cell populations in normal spleen or bone-marrow-derived spleen could be demonstrated. The data are interpreted as evidence for the presence of immunoglobulin components. The function of these molecules is not established but it would be reasonable to assume that they are involved in antigen recognition, on the surface of thymus-derived cells.

scholarly journals CELLS MEDIATING SPECIFIC IN VITRO CYTOTOXICITY

1972 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 890-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Golstein ◽  
Hans Wigzell ◽  
Henric Blomgren ◽  
Erik A. J. Svedmyr
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Present System ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Thymus Cells ◽  
Immune Spleen Cells

In order to investigate whether only T cells are involved in a cell-mediated cytotoxic system in vitro, we tested the cytotoxicity of immune killing cell populations as deprived as possible of B cells. Educated thymus cells, immune spleen cells purified by filtration through a column of beads coated with antimouse Ig antiserum, and finally educated thymus cells further purified by filtration through such a column fully retained their specific cytotoxic activity. This very strongly suggests that only T cells are involved in the killing of target cells by allogeneic immune cells in vitro, in this system. Receptor-bearing cells involved in killing in the present system are thus very probably T cells. This point was further strengthened by the demonstration of specific adsorption, on the relevant monolayers, of each of the three above mentioned killing cell populations.

scholarly journals Separation of antigen-specific lymphocytes. II. Enrichment of hapten-specific antibody-forming cell precursors.

1975 ◽  
Vol 141 (5) ◽  
pp. 1015-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Haas
Keyword(s):  
Cell Population ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Feeder Cells ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Normal Spleen ◽  
Binding Cell

Normal spleen cells were separated in dishes coated with thin layers of DNP-gelatin or NIP-gelatin into binding and nonbinding cells and stimulated in vitro with DNP- and/or NIP-conjugated polymerized flagellin (POL). Hapten-specific unresponsiveness was induced in the binding cell population by melting the gel at 37 degrees C or in unfractionated cells by pretreatment with soluble hapten-gelatin and could be reversed by treatment with collagenase. A specific enrichment of anti-DNP and anti-NIP antibody-forming cell precursors (AFCP) could be demonstrated in the binding cell populations after treatment with collagenase in cultures with or without "feeder" cells. However, the response of small numbers of unfractionated and purified hapten-specific spleen cells was suboptimal even in the presence of mitomycin-treated or irradiated feeder cells. Optimal numbers of anti-DNP (anti-NIP) antibody-forming cells were generated by small numbers of normal or purified spleen cells in the presence of spleen cells depleted of anti-DNP (anti-NIP) AFCP. In this system the response of only 2 times 10-4 purified hapten-specific cells was higher than the response of 10-6 unfractionated cells. Purified DNP-specific cells responded only to DNP-POL but not to NIP-POL and purified NIP-specific cells responded only to NIP-POL but not to DNP-POL. The degree of enrichment of anti-DNP AFCP decreased with increasing numbers of binding cells. NIP3-gelatin layers bound four to five times less spleen cells than DNP2-gelatin layers and the enrichment of anti-NIP AFCP (about 300-fold) was three times greater than the enrichment of anti-DNP AFCP (about 100-fold). The immunological significance of hapten-gelatin binding cells which apparently failed to respond to antigen is discussed.

scholarly journals SURFACE ANTIGENS OF IMMUNOCOMPETENT CELLS

1972 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Mond ◽  
T. Takahashi ◽  
G. J. Thorbecke
Keyword(s):  
Surface Antigens ◽  
Secondary Response ◽  
T Cell Memory ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Immune Responsiveness ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Surface Receptors ◽  
Mouse Immunoglobulin ◽  
Immune Spleen Cells

The effect of preincubation with anti-θ or anti-mouse immunoglobulin (Ig) and complement (C') on immune responsiveness of spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with sheep erythrocytes (SE) was investigated. Both treatments greatly depressed the remaining ability to produce a secondary response to SE in vitro. Normal BALB/c spleen cells were far less effective in reconstituting the responses of such depleted cell populations than were much smaller numbers of untreated immune spleen cells. Thymus-derived cell (T cell) memory appeared early after immunization and showed specificity for the immunizing antigens. Recombination of anti-Ig-treated with anti-θ-treated immune spleen cells resulted in virtually complete reconstitution of responsiveness. The presence of immunological memory in T cells and the nature of their surface receptors are discussed.

scholarly journals Specific elimination of cytotoxic effector cells. I. Adsorptive behavior of effectors and their precursors and spleen cell monolayers.

1976 ◽  
Vol 144 (4) ◽  
pp. 996-1008 ◽  
Author(s):  
J R Neefe ◽  
D H Sachs
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Spleen ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Cell Monolayers ◽  
Specific Suppression ◽  
Normal Spleen ◽  
Adsorptive Behavior ◽  
Cytotoxic Effector ◽  
Primed Mouse

Monolayers formed of normal mouse spleen cells attached to polystyrene coated with poly-L-lysine were tested for their ability to bind specifically antigen-reactive cells in normal or primed mouse spleen. 88 to greater than 98% of the activity of cytotoxic populations was removed by a single adsorption. However, normal spleen cells or spleen cells previously primed in vitro could not be depleted of their capacity to be sensitized, even when adsorption effectively removed all residual cytotoxic activity from the same previously primed population. In fact, exposure to an immunoadsorbent augmented the ultimate cytotoxicity generated in a nonspecific fashion. This augmentation was especially dramatic in the case of a previously primed population and may have reflected the removal of a nonspecific suppressor. If antigen-reactive precursors cannot be removed efficiently by adsorption, other approaches to the generation of tolerant lymphoid populations, such as specific suppression of precursor differentiation must be sought.

scholarly journals The Contributions of Reactive Oxygen Intermediates and Reactive Nitrogen Intermediates to Listericidal Mechanisms Differ in Macrophages Activated Pre- and Postinfection

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (9) ◽  
pp. 4043-4049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Ohya ◽  
Yoshinari Tanabe ◽  
Masato Makino ◽  
Takamasa Nomura ◽  
Huabao Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Intermediates ◽  
Intracellular Killing ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Oxygen Intermediates ◽  
Normal Spleen ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen Intermediates ◽  
Immune Spleen Cells

ABSTRACT The contribution of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) and reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI) to the killing of Listeria monocytogenes by macrophages activated by addition of spleen cells from listeria-immune mice plus specific antigen was examined. When macrophages were infected with L. monocytogenes and then spleen cells were added, there was not as big a difference in listericidal activity between macrophages cultured with normal spleen cells and those cultured with immune spleen cells as expected. In this culture system, RNI was mainly involved in the macrophage intracellular killing. In macrophages first activated and then infected, a significant level of enhanced killing was observed. Blockade of ROI production drastically affected the enhanced killing ability, while inhibition of RNI production had a negligible effect. Thus, the contributions of ROI and RNI to listericidal mechanisms of macrophages were different between macrophages activated at pre- and postinfection stages.

scholarly journals REGULATION OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE

1973 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Hoffmann ◽  
John W. Kappler
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Immune Suppression ◽  
Antigen Recognition ◽  
Helper T Cells ◽  
Antibody Specificity ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Functional Assays ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses

The specificity of antigen recognition by thymus-derived helper cells (T cells) and antibody was examined in mice, heterologous erythrocyte antigens from sheep (SRBC), goat (GRBC), burro (BRBC), chicken (CRBC), and toad (TRBC) being used. Antibody specificity was tested by a number of functional assays: hemagglutination, hemolysis, and immune suppression. The specificity of T cells was determined by titrating their ability to help the in vitro antitrinitrophenol (TNP) responses of mouse spleen cultures immunized with the hapten coupled to the various test erythrocytes as carrier. Anti-SRBC antibody cross-reacted with GRBC, but not with BRBC, CRBC, or TRBC. In contrast, SRBC-primed helper T cells cross-reacted with both GRBC and BRBC, but not with CRBC or TRBC, indicating a difference in the specificity of antigen recognition between the cellular and the humoral immune responses.

scholarly journals Antigen recognition by a T cell clone outside the context of the major histocompatibility complex. A role for Mls in antigen presentation.

1984 ◽  
Vol 159 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
S J Waters ◽  
S D Waksal ◽  
G P Norton ◽  
C A Bona
Keyword(s):  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Clone ◽  
Antigen Recognition ◽  
Major Histocompatibility ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Differentiation Markers ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
T Cell Clone

A T cell clone isolated from antigen-primed CB6/F1 mice was shown to proliferate to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) in the presence of irradiated syngeneic F1 spleen cells, as well as spleen cells from either parental strain (BALB/c and C57BL/6). The genetic restriction involved in this antigen-specific proliferation was mapped using BXD (C57BL/6 X DBA/2) recombinant inbred strains of mice to the Mls gene on chromosome one. To exclude the role of Ia antigens as the restricting determinants, monoclonal anti-Ia antibodies were used to block the in vitro proliferative response of this clone. Although anti-Iab and anti-Iad blocked the proliferation of this clone to KLH in the presence of irradiated spleen cells from either parent, this effect was shown to be dependent on Ia molecules passively absorbed by the T cell clone from the irradiated filler cells. Since the T clone expressed Thy-1.2 and Lyt-1+ differentiation markers, its helper activity was compared with other KLH carrier-specific clones in an in vitro antibody synthesis assay. The Mls-KLH-restricted T cell clone, in contrast to other carrier-specific, major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted T cell clones, was unable to cooperate with trinitrophenyl (TNP)-primed B cells in the presence of TNP-KLH to generate an anti-TNP response. These experiments suggest that non-MHC determinants, such as autologous Mls gene products, may play a role in genetically restricted antigen recognition by T lymphocytes.

scholarly journals MATURATION OF THE HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE IN MICE

1974 ◽  
Vol 139 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patricia G. Spear ◽  
Gerald M. Edelman
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
B Cells ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Spleen Cells ◽  
Con A ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Humoral Antibodies

In spite of the prenatal appearance of immunoglobulin-bearing lymphocytes and θ-positive lymphocytes in the spleens of Swiss-L mice, these mice are not able to produce detectable levels of humoral antibodies in response to antigen until after 1 wk of age. Adult levels of response are not achieved until 4–8 wk of age. In the presence of bacterial lipopolysaccharides, which can substitute for or enhance T-cell function, the B cells from young Swiss-L mice were found to be indistinguishable in function from adult B cells, both with respect to the numbers of plaque-forming cells (PFC) produced in vitro in response to antigen and with respect to the kinetics of PFC induction. The spleen cells from young Swiss-L mice are significantly less sensitive than adult spleen cells, however, to stimulation by the T cell mitogens, concanavalin A (Con A) and phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Very few Con A-responsive cells could be detected at birth but the numbers increased sharply with age until 3 wk after birth. On the other hand, PHA-responsive cells could not be detected in the spleen until about 3 wk of age. The latter cells were found to respond also to Con A, but at a lower dose (1 µg/ml) than that required for the bulk of the Con A-responsive cells (3 µg/ml). The cells that respond both to PHA and to Con A appear in the spleen at about the time that Swiss-L mice acquire the ability to produce humoral antibodies, and these cells can be depleted from the spleen by the in vivo administration of antithymocyte serum. The development of humoral immune responses in these mice therefore appears to be correlated with the appearance of recirculating T lymphocytes that are responsive both to PHA and to Con A.

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