scholarly journals CD4+ T cells that enter the draining lymph nodes after antigen injection participate in the primary response and become central–memory cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 203 (4) ◽  
pp. 1045-1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew M. Catron ◽  
Lori K. Rusch ◽  
Jason Hataye ◽  
Andrea A. Itano ◽  
Marc K. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Cd4 T Cells ◽  
Primary Response ◽  
Central Memory ◽  
Secondary Response ◽  
Memory Cells ◽  
Mhc Ii ◽  
Central Memory Cells ◽  
Draining Lymph Nodes

We explored the relationship between the time of naive CD4+ T cell exposure to antigen in the primary immune response and the quality of the memory cells produced. Naive CD4+ T cells that migrated into the skin-draining lymph nodes after subcutaneous antigen injection accounted for about half of the antigen-specific population present at the peak of clonal expansion. These late-arriving T cells divided less and more retained the central–memory marker CD62L than the T cells that resided in the draining lymph nodes at the time of antigen injection. The fewer cell divisions were related to competition with resident T cells that expanded earlier in the response and a reduction in the number of dendritic cells displaying peptide–major histocompatibility complex (MHC) II complexes at later times after antigen injection. The progeny of late-arriving T cells possessed the phenotype of central–memory cells, and proliferated more extensively during the secondary response than the progeny of the resident T cells. The results suggest that late arrival into lymph nodes and exposure to antigen-presenting cells displaying lower numbers of peptide–MHC II complexes in the presence of competing T cells ensures that some antigen-specific CD4+ T cells divide less in the primary response and become central–memory cells.

scholarly journals Adoptive transfer of effector CD8+ T cells derived from central memory cells establishes persistent T cell memory in primates

2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 294-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Berger ◽  
Michael C. Jensen ◽  
Peter M. Lansdorp ◽  
Mike Gough ◽  
Carole Elliott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Adoptive Transfer ◽  
Central Memory ◽  
T Cell Memory ◽  
Memory Cells ◽  
Cell Memory ◽  
Central Memory Cells

Cellular infiltration at skin lesions and draining lymph nodes of sheep infested with adultHyalomma anatolicum anatolicumticks

Parasitology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
pp. 657-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. V. BOPPANA ◽  
S. K. WIKEL ◽  
D. G. RAJ ◽  
M. B. MANOHAR ◽  
J. LALITHA
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Antigen Presenting Cells ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Cellular Infiltration ◽  
Regional Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mhc Ii ◽  
Skin Biopsies ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
Draining Lymph Nodes

Immunohistochemical analysis of skin and draining lymph nodes of sheep repeatedly infested with the ixodid tickHyalomma anatolicum anatolicumwere studied for different antigen-presenting cells and lymphocyte subpopulations. Infiltration of neutrophils, macrophages and lymphocytes adjacent to the tick bite site were observed. Skin biopsies showed significant increases in dermal infiltration of CD8+and γδ+T cells at 72 h and 8 days after both primary and secondary infestation. Infiltrations of MHC-II DR/DQ decreased at 72 h after tick infestation, whereas significant increases were recorded for 8-day skin biopsies. CD1+cellular infiltrations were observed during secondary infestations at the dermis. Decreased ratios of CD4[ratio ]CD8 T cells and MHC-II[ratio ]CD1 antigen-presenting cells were observed in both infestations compared to healthy skin biopsies. Ratios of αβ[ratio ]γδ T cells increased gradually during infestation compared to uninfested skin. The regional lymph nodes from tick-infested sheep showed an increased CD8+, γδ+T and CD1+cellular infiltration compared to control lymph nodes. CD4+T cells were decreased. There were no significant changes in CD45R+cellular infiltration either at skin lesions or regional lymph nodes.

Diminished secondary CTL response in draining lymph nodes on cutaneous challenge with herpes simplex virus

Microbiology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 407-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claerwen M. Jones ◽  
Stephen C. Cose ◽  
James M. McNally ◽  
Stephen R. Jennings ◽  
William R. Heath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Herpes Simplex ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Primary Response ◽  
Cytolytic Activity ◽  
Ctl Response ◽  
Simplex Virus ◽  
Draining Lymph Nodes ◽  
Hsv 1

We have shown that C57BL/6-derived CD8+ CTL specific for an immunodominant herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein B (gB) determinant express a highly conserved Vβ10/junctional sequence combination. This extreme T cell receptor β-chain bias can be used to track the activation of gB-specific CTL in lymph nodes draining the site of HSV-1 infection. In this report we have examined the accumulation of gB-specific CTL in the primary and secondary or recall CTL responses to HSV-1 infection. We found that gB-specific cytolytic activity present within popliteal lymph nodes draining HSV-infected foot-pads peaked at day 5 post-infection during the primary response. As found previously, this correlates with the accumulation of Vβ10+CD8+ CTL in the activated T cell subset. Lymph node-derived cytotoxicity peaked between days 3 and 4 on secondary challenge with virus and, somewhat surprisingly, was considerably below that seen in the primary response. This reduced gB-specific cytolytic activity mirrored a near absence of Vβ10+CD8+ T cell enrichment found within the draining lymph nodes during this recall response, consistent with the overall diminution of gB-specific CTL accumulation in this site. Finally, there was a second wave of biased accumulation of Vβ10+CD8+ activated T cells within the popliteal lymph nodes well after the resolution of infection in both the primary and secondary responses. These results are discussed in terms of preferential activation of virus-specific memory T cells directly in infected tissues during a secondary CTL response at the expense of draining lymphoid organs.

scholarly journals CD8-positive memory T cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes of patients with breast cancer

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmin Vahidi ◽  
Mandana Bagheri ◽  
Abbas Ghaderi ◽  
Zahra Faghih
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Memory T Cells ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Axillary Lymph ◽  
Memory Cells ◽  
Color Flow ◽  
Draining Lymph Nodes

Abstract Background: Human immunological memory is a hallmark of the adaptive immune system and plays an important role in the development of effective immune responses against tumors. In the present study, we aimed to determine the frequencies of CD8+ memory T cell subsets including stem memory T cells (TSCM) in tumor-draining lymph nodes of patients with breast cancer (BC). Methods: Mononuclear cells were obtained from axillary lymph nodes of 52 untreated patients with BC and stained for CD8, CCR7, CD45RO, CD95 markers to detect different subtypes of memory cells in the CD8+ lymphocyte population. Data were acquired on four-color flow cytometer and analyzed with CellQuest Pro software. Results: We observed that 47.65±2.66% of CD8+ lymphocytes expressed the CD45RO, a marker for memory T cells. Statistical analysis showed that the total frequency of central memory T cells (TCM) and their subset with low CD45RO expression was significantly higher in tumor-involved nodes compared to tumor-free ones (P=0.024 and P=0.017, respectively). The level of CD95 expression (based on mean fluorescence intensity) on the surface of TCM, their CD45ROhi and CD45ROlow subsets, and TSCM was higher in patients with stage II compared to those in stage I (P<0.05). In addition, the percentage of naive CD8+ T cells was significantly lower in tumor-involved lymph nodes compared to tumor-free ones (P=0.025). Conclusions: Our data collectively indicate no significant differences in the frequencies of CD8+ lymphocytes or their memory subsets in tumor-draining lymph nodes of patients with BC. However, the frequency of CD45low TCM was higher in tumor-involved nodes. Along with a decrease in the frequency of naive T cells, the higher frequency of CD45low TCM suggests that despite the immune reaction to provide a pool of effective memory cells, it is blocked in early-stage of memory cells’ differentiation (CD45ROlow), probably by tumor-derived suppressive factors. Identifying the molecular and cellular mechanisms behind this suppression can provide invaluable tools for adoptive T cell therapies in cancer.

scholarly journals Duration of the initial TCR stimulus controls the magnitude but not functionality of the CD8+ T cell response

2006 ◽  
Vol 203 (9) ◽  
pp. 2135-2143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Prlic ◽  
Gabriela Hernandez-Hoyos ◽  
Michael J. Bevan
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Diphtheria Toxin ◽  
Clonal Expansion ◽  
Primary Response ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Secondary Response ◽  
Memory Cells ◽  
Effector Cells

CD8+ T cells only require a brief stimulation with antigen in vitro to divide and differentiate into effector and memory cells upon transfer in vivo. The efficiency of clonal expansion and the functional characteristics of memory cells derived from briefly stimulated cells are poorly defined. We developed a system that allowed us to examine programming entirely in vivo. This was achieved by rapidly killing peptide-pulsed DCs carrying a diphtheria toxin receptor transgene with timed injections of diphtheria toxin without altering the course of an accompanying infection. The magnitude of clonal expansion, but not the functionality of the effector cells, correlated directly with the duration of antigen exposure. Furthermore, memory T cells were capable of mounting a secondary response, regardless of the length of antigen encounter during the primary response. These results indicate that the duration of initial antigen encounter influences the magnitude of the primary response, but does not program responsiveness during the secondary challenge.

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