scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE ETIOLOGY OF RABBIT POX

1936 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch'uan-K'uei Hu ◽  
Paul D. Rosahn ◽  
Louise Pearce
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Vaccine Virus ◽  
Intradermal Injection ◽  
Skin Area ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Specific Relationship ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The One

Experiments are reported in which it was shown that rabbits which had recovered from experimental or spontaneous rabbit pox were refractory to inoculation of pox virus injected by various routes, and in addition did not develop clinical manifestations of the disease under conditions of exposure to florid cases of pox. It was found that pox recovered rabbits were susceptible to inoculation with the virus of virus III disease of rabbits and that virus III recovered rabbits could be successfully inoculated with pox virus. Furthermore, virus III recovered rabbits developed pox when subjected to room exposure in the same manner as did normal rabbits. It thus appears that there is no specific relationship between the two viruses. Rabbits which had recovered from experimental or spontaneous pox were found to be just as susceptible to inoculation with the virus of infectious myxoma of rabbits as were normal rabbits, a result which demonstrates that there is no specific relationship between these viruses. Rabbits which had recovered from experimental or spontaneous pox were refractory to inoculation with culture dermovaccine virus, but vaccine recovered rabbits were not completely refractory to inoculation with pox virus. Under conditions of exposure to clinical cases of pox, adult vaccine immune rabbits did not develop clinical manifestations of pox, but young, recently weaned vaccinated rabbits did contract mild but definite clinical pox. Experimental pox recovered rabbits were partially refractory to inoculation with neurovaccine virus and neurovaccine recovered rabbits were partially refractory to inoculation with pox virus. The refractory condition of the pox immune rabbits appeared to be more pronounced than that of the neurovaccine immunes. The cutaneous lesions which developed from the intradermal injection of pox, neurovaccine, and culture vaccine viruses showed definite differences with respect to the rate and persistence of active growth, amount of edema, hemorrhage, and necrosis, and the degree of tissue destructiveness. These features were most pronounced in the lesions of pox virus and were least marked in the lesions of culture vaccine virus. The differences were particularly apparent in normal rabbits, but they were also present in the lesions which developed in immune animals. It was found that the calf was susceptible to inoculation with pox virus applied to a scarified skin area. There were many similarities in the appearance and course of the pox lesions to those resulting from culture vaccine virus, the New York Board of Health vaccine, and neurovaccine virus similarly inoculated. But the pox lesions were most numerous, much the largest and most destructive, and by far the most persistent while next in order were those of the Board of Health dermovaccine. The results of these various experiments showed that a close relationship obtains between pox virus, on the one hand, and vaccine virus and neurovaccine virus, on the other, but it cannot be said that pox virus is identical in all respects with either one of these viruses. The findings indicated that the relationship between pox and neurovaccine viruses is closer than that between pox and culture vaccine viruses. Upon the basis of the results observed in culture (dermo) vaccine immune rabbits inoculated with or exposed to pox, it appeared that vaccination with vaccine virus offered a method of protection against rabbit pox.

Use of a Lyophilized Reference Plasma to Compare Coagulation Test Procedures

1975 ◽  
Vol 34 (02) ◽  
pp. 426-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Kahan ◽  
I Nohén
Keyword(s):  
Oral Anticoagulant Therapy ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Coagulation Activity ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Measured Activity ◽  
Test Materials ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The One

SummaryIn 4 collaborative trials, involving a varying number of hospital laboratories in the Stockholm area, the coagulation activity of different test materials was estimated with the one-stage prothrombin tests routinely used in the laboratories, viz. Normotest, Simplastin-A and Thrombotest. The test materials included different batches of a lyophilized reference plasma, deep-frozen specimens of diluted and undiluted normal plasmas, and fresh and deep-frozen specimens from patients on long-term oral anticoagulant therapy.Although a close relationship was found between different methods, Simplastin-A gave consistently lower values than Normotest, the difference being proportional to the estimated activity. The discrepancy was of about the same magnitude on all the test materials, and was probably due to a divergence between the manufacturers’ procedures used to set “normal percentage activity”, as well as to a varying ratio of measured activity to plasma concentration. The extent of discrepancy may vary with the batch-to-batch variation of thromboplastin reagents.The close agreement between results obtained on different test materials suggests that the investigated reference plasma could be used to calibrate the examined thromboplastin reagents, and to compare the degree of hypocoagulability estimated by the examined PIVKA-insensitive thromboplastin reagents.The assigned coagulation activity of different batches of the reference plasma agreed closely with experimentally obtained values. The stability of supplied batches was satisfactory as judged from the reproducibility of repeated measurements. The variability of test procedures was approximately the same on different test materials.

Albrecht Durer and the 16TH Century Melancholy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 37-49
Author(s):  
Marcel Henrique Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Religious Culture ◽  
The Other ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The One ◽  
Deep Sense

Little has been discussed in academia about the close relationship between the Renaissance of the 16th century and melancholy humor, and esoteric elements arising mainly from Florentine Neoplatonism. The link between melancholy and esotericism becomes very clear when we analyze the gravure “Melencolia I” by Albrecht Dürer (1471-1528), composed of a significant number of symbols that refer to an esoteric religious culture that then emerged. Renaissance melancholy gained several nuances. On the one hand, it was considered a sin, a despicable mood characteristic of witches; on the other hand, a deep sense of inspiration typical of men of “genius”. This ambivalence also occurred in the firmament, as the melancholic people were guided by the dark planet Saturn, according to astrological belief. We also have the cultural scenario of the 16th century, especially in Dürer's Germany, which contributed to strengthening the melancholy issues.

scholarly journals POS0083 USEFUL EXPERIENCE OF RHEUMATOLOGISTS FOR UNDERSTANDING OF THE DISEASE ORIGIN AND APPROACHES TO THERAPY IN FIBRODYSPLASIA OSSIFICANS PROGRESSIVA

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 249.2-250
Author(s):  
I. Nikishina ◽  
S. Arsenyeva ◽  
V. Matkava ◽  
A. Arefieva ◽  
M. Kaleda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heterotopic Ossification ◽  
Kinase Inhibitor ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Vertebral Bodies ◽  
The One

Background:Many monogenic genetic conditions, such as auto-inflammatory diseases (AIDs), have similar clinical manifestations and immunopathogenesis to “classic” rheumatic diseases (RD). Such cases may include Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), an extremely rare genetic disease, which, according to our previous study and data from other authors1, may represent an example of AID with catastrophic heterotopic ossification due to a mutation in the ACVR1 gene. it seems that the experience of rheumatologists, especially children’s ones, will be useful in the treatment of FOP.Objectives:To analyzed the dynamics of clinical manifestations and to therapy approaches including target anti-inflammatory drug Tofacitinib (TOFA) in the one of the world’s largest groups of patients (pts) with FOP.Methods:The study was based on the analysis retrospective and prospective observation of the 35 pts (17 males and 18 females) with a verified diagnosis of FOP for the period from 1998 to 2020. In 9 pts with severe course of FOP TOFA administration were evaluated.Results:In all 35 pts the diagnosis was verified by “classic” FOP phenotype: malformed great toes in 33 pts (94,3%); short malformed thumbs-8 (22.8%); peripheral osteochondromas-20 (57.1%); abnormalities of the cervical spine-32 (91.4%), multiple heterotopic ossifications-32 (91,4%). Genetic tests were done in 26, it confirmed mutation in the ACVR1 gene in 100%. Long term follow-up detected a lot of spondyloarthritis-like signs similar to the manifestation of RD: ankylosis of the facet joints and vertebral bodies (by the type of syndesmophytes) in most pts, sacroiliitis, confirmed by radiological methods (X-ray, CT, MRI), gradual ankylosis in the peripheral joints in 18 (56.4%), synovitis in large joints in 8 (25%) pts (knee and hip mostly). In 9 pts with the most difficult course with rapid progression of ossification due to continuous flares despite the NSAIDs and steroids intake, we tried to use TOFA after the approval of the local Ethic Committee. We use the similar dose to randomized trial for JIA (up to 5 mg twice a day). The first patient was 16 y.o. at the time of TOFA administration in December 2019, the age of the other pts was from 2 to 12 y.o. By present time duration of TOFA therapy is from 6 to 15 mo. For the previous 6 months before TOFA initiation the number of flares was in average 8 per patient. After 6 months of TOFA treatment the number of new flares decreased to 0-1, except youngest patient of 2 y.o. in whom the number of flares decreased from 10 to 4 per the same period. In all 9 pts we minimize the dose or completely stop the steroids. New nodes formation stopped immediately in most pts and also the significant motion improvement of large (shoulder) joints were established. Drug tolerance was good in all pts, no AE were registered. But despite the good clinical effect without new heterotopic ossification in our first patient, we found continuous intraskeletal ossification between vertebral bodies, facet and sacroiliac joints in MRI.Conclusion:We are confident that the processes of heterotopic ossification in FOP are very similar to new born formation phenomenon in spondyloarthritis and reliable suppression of inflammation can interrupt the progression of the disease. We used similar justifications to our colleagues for the use of anti-cytokine drugs, but used a JAK-kinase inhibitor, it was extremely important the oral rout of drug administration and possibility to escape any injections in FOP. TOFA demonstrated positive effect and safety in children with severe course of FOP. It showed their advantages over the use of steroids and possibility to inhibit the rate of progression.References:[1]R.Haviv et al. Is fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva aninterleukin-1 driven auto-inflammatory syndrome? Pediatric Rheumatology (2019) 17:84 //doi.org/10.1186/s12969-019-0386-6Disclosure of Interests:None declared.

Dreams of Truck Drivers: A Test of the Continuity Hypothesis of Dreaming

2005 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Schredl ◽  
Arthur Funkhouser ◽  
Nicole Arn
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Truck Drivers ◽  
The Other ◽  
Continuity Hypothesis ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Daytime Activity ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The One ◽  
Dream Emotions ◽  
The Relationship

Empirical studies largely support the continuity hypothesis of dreaming. The present study investigated the frequency and emotional tone of dreams of truck drivers. On the one hand, the findings of the present study partly support the continuity regarding the time spent with driving/being in the truck and driving dreams and, on the other hand, a close relationship was found between daytime mood (feelings of stress, job satisfaction) and dream emotions, i.e., different dream characteristics were affected by different aspects of daytime activity. The results, thus, indicate that it is necessary to define very clearly how this continuity is to be conceptualized. The approach of formulating a mathematical model (cf. [1]) should be adopted in future studies in order to specify the factors and their magnitude in the relationship between waking and dreaming.

Over de betekenis van het werk van Jan van Scorel omstreeks 1530 voor oudere en jongere tijdgenoten (4)

1984 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bruyn
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Parish Church ◽  
Stylistic Development ◽  
To Come ◽  
The One ◽  
The Town ◽  
Coats Of Arms ◽  
Early Training

AbstractFrom 1911 to 1961 Félix Chrétien, secretary to François de Dinteville II, Bishop of Auxerre in Burgundy, and from 1542 onwards a canon in that town, was thought to be the author of three remarkable paintings. Two of these were mentioned by an 18th-century local historian as passing for his work: a tripych dated 1535 on the central panel with scenes from the legend of St. Eugenia, which is now in the parish church at Varzy (Figs. 1-3, cf. Note 10), and a panel dated 1550 with the Martyrdom of St. Stephen in the ambulatory of Auxerre Cathedral. To these was added a third work, a panel dated 1537 with Moses and Aaron before Pharaoh, which is now in New York (Figs. 4-5, cf. Notes I and 3). All three works contain a portrait of François de Dinteville, who is accompanied in the Varzy triptych and the New York panel (where he figures as Aaron) by other portrait figures. In the last-named picture these include his brothers) one of whom , Jean de Dinteville, is well-known as the man who commissioned Holbein's Ambassadors in 1533. Both the Holbein and Moses and Aaron remained in the family's possession until 1787. In order to account for the striking affinity between the style of this artist and that of Netherlandish Renaissance painters, Jan van Scorel in particular, Anthony Blunt posited a common debt to Italy, assuming that the painter accompanied François de Dinteville on a mission to Rome in 1531-3 (Note 4). Charles Sterling) on the other hand, thought of Netherlandish influence on him (Note 5). In 1961 Jacques Thuillier not only stressed the Northern features in the artist's style, especially in his portraits and landscape, but also deciphered Dutch words in the text on a tablet depicted in the Varzy triptych (Fig. I) . He concluded that the artist was a Northerner himself and could not possibly have been identical with Félix Chrétien (Note 7). Thuillier's conclusion is borne out by the occurrence of two coats of arms on the church depicted in the Varzy triptych (Fig. 2), one of which is that of a Guild of St. Luke, the other that of the town of Haarlem. The artist obviously wanted it to be known that he was a master in the Haarlem guild. Unfortunately, the Haarlem guild archives provide no definite clue as to his identity. He may conceivably have been Bartholomeus Pons, a painter from Haarlem, who appears to have visited Rome and departed again before 22 June 15 18, when the Cardinal of S. Maria in Aracoeli addressed a letter of indulgence to him (without calling him a master) care of a master at 'Tornis'-possibly Tournus in Burgundy (Note 11). The name of Bartholomeus Pons is further to be found in a list of masters in the Haarlem guild (which starts in 1502, but gives no further dates, Note 12), while one Bartholomeus received a commission for painting two altarpiece wings and a predella for Egmond Abbey in 1523 - 4 (Note 13). An identification of the so-called Félix Chrétien with Batholomeus Pons must remain hypothetical, though there are a number of correspondences between the reconstructed career of the one and the fragmentary biography of the other. The painter's work seems to betray an early training in a somewhat old-fashioned Haarlem workshop, presumably around 1510. He appears to have known Raphael's work in its classical phase of about 1515 - 6 and to have been influenced mainly by the style of the cartoons for the Sistine tapestries (although later he obviously also knew the Master of the Die's engravings of the story of Psyche of about 1532, cf .Note 8). His stylistic development would seem to parallel that of Jan van Scorel, who was mainly influenced by the slightly later Raphael of the Loggie. This may explain the absence of any direct borrowings from Scorel' work. It would also mean that a more or less Renaissance style of painting was already being practised in Haarlem before Scorel's arrival there in 1527. Thuillier added to the artist's oeuvre a panel dated 1537 in Frankfurt- with the intriguing scene of wine barrels being lowered into a cellar - which seems almost too sophisticated to be attributed to the same hand as the works in Varzy and New York, although it does appear to come from the same workshop (Fig. 6, Note 21). A portrait of a man, now in the Louvre, was identified in 197 1 as a fragment of a work by the so-called Félix Chrétien himself (Fig. 8, Note 22). The Martyrdom of St. Stephen of 1550 was rejected by Thuillier because of its barren composition and coarse execution. Yet it seems to have too much in common with the other works to be totally separated, from them and may be taken as evidence that the workshop was still active at Auxerre in 1550.

Influence of Obesity on Clinical Manifestations and Response to Therapy in Cutaneous Leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania braziliensis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tainã Lago ◽  
Lucas Carvalho ◽  
Mauricio Nascimento ◽  
Luiz H Guimarães ◽  
Jamile Lago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Healing Time ◽  
Response To Therapy ◽  
Leishmania Braziliensis ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Cure Rates ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by L. braziliensis is characterized by a single ulcer or multiple cutaneous lesions with raised borders. Cure rates below 60% are observed in response to meglumine antimoniate therapy. We investigated the impact of obesity on CL clinical presentation and therapeutic response. Methods A total of 90 age-matched CL patients were included (30 obese, 30 overweight and 30 with normal BMI). CL was diagnosed through documentation of L. braziliensis DNA by PCR or identification of amastigotes in biopsied skin lesion samples. Serum cytokine levels were determined by chemiluminescence. Antimony therapy with Glucantime (20mg/kg/day) was administered for 20 days. Results Obese CL patients may present hypertrophic ulcers rather than typical oval, ulcerated lesions. A direct correlation between BMI and healing time was noted. After one course of Antimony, cure was achieved in 73% of patients with normal BMI, 37% of overweight subjects, yet just 18% of obese CL patients (p<0.01). Obese CL cases additionally presented higher leptin levels than overweight patients or those with normal BMI (p<0.05). Conclusions Obesity modifies the clinical presentation of CL and host immune response, and is associated with greater failure to therapy.

scholarly journals HOMOLOGOUS DISEASE IN THE ADULT RAT, A MODEL FOR AUTOIMMUNE DISEASE

1963 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. 635-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Stastny ◽  
Vernie A. Stembridge ◽  
Morris Ziff
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Connective Tissue Diseases ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Hydropic Degeneration ◽  
Skin Changes ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
The One

The cutaneous lesions of adult rats with homologous disease are described, and evidence is presented to indicate that they have an immunologic basis. The skin changes included erythema, purpura, edema, and a variety of inflammatory lesions. In the more active lesions, dermal infiltration, hydropic degeneration, acanthosis, and atrophy of the epidermis with hyperkeratosis and follicular plugging were present. In some cases, ulceration and sloughing were also observed. More chronic lesions were characterized by atrophy of the epidermis and collagenization of the dermis with disappearance of the skin appendages. Rejection of autografts was observed simultaneously with acceptance of homografts. The histologic appearance of autografts undergoing rejection was similar to that of the spontaneous skin lesions, suggesting that the latter, too, had an immunologic basis. In favor of this, also, was the specificity of the dermatitis for the skin of the host, with sparing of neighboring homograft tissue. There was a histologic similarity between the spontaneous skin lesions of homologous disease and those of lupus erythematosus on the one hand, and scleroderma on the other, thus supporting the possibility that the cutaneous lesions of these connective tissue diseases of man may also have an immunologic basis. It was concluded that the adult rat with homologous disease may furnish a model for human autoimmune disease.

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