scholarly journals CARBOHYDRATE HISTOCHEMISTRY STUDIED BY ACETYLATION TECHNIQUES

1950 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 651-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. A. McManus ◽  
Jane E. Cason
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Anhydride ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Carbohydrate Histochemistry

An acetic anhydride pyridine mixture acetylates hydroxyl groups in tissue sections. The acetyl groups can be removed from tissue sections by weak alkali. Sections acetylated by acetic anhydride pyridine no longer produce aldehydes after oxidation by periodic acid. Acetylated sections subjected to weak alkali regain the ability to produce aldehydes after oxidation by periodic acid. Acetylation of tissue sections and the removal of acetyl groups by weak alkali can be used as histochemical confirmation of the carbohydrate nature of materials coloring with Schiff's reagent after periodic acid.

scholarly journals CARBOHYDRATE HISTOCHEMISTRY OF THE SALIVARY GLANDS AND PANCREAS IN CYSTIC FIBROSIS

1964 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 512-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN M. SHACKLEFORD ◽  
HERSCHEL P. BENTLEY
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Acid Group ◽  
Pancreatic Tissue ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Carbohydrate Histochemistry

Various histochemical methods for demonstrating complex tissue carbohydrates were applied to salivary gland and pancreatic tissue from four known cases of cystic fibrosis. Aside from the usual methods, e.g., periodic acid Schiff and alcian blue, the p-hydrazinobenzenesulfonic acid reaction was found to be particularly valuable as a survey method for estimating concentrations of vicinal hydroxyl groups. In the pancreas, submandibular and parotid glands striking changes in carbohydrate histochemistry occur in the small intralobular (intercalated) ducts which normally secrete relatively little or no mucopolysaccharide. The lumina of salivary gland striated ducts and large excretory ducts frequently contain inspissated mucus. In the sublingual glands the inspissated mucus is mixed with considerable amounts of deoxyribonucleic acid. Vibrio cholera neuraminidase significantly reduces acid group staining in most of the epithelial mucus although some resistance to digestion by this enzyme is evident. Some acid group substances appear in the interstices of sublingual glands which exhibit the histochemical characteristics of epithelial mucin. This reaction is consistent with a "leakage" of some of the sialomucins from the acini into the interstitial areas.

scholarly journals Deep learning-based transformation of H&E stained tissues into special stains

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin de Haan ◽  
Yijie Zhang ◽  
Jonathan E. Zuckerman ◽  
Tairan Liu ◽  
Anthony E. Sisk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Inspection ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Needle Core Biopsy ◽  
Silver Stain ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Biopsy Tissue ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin

AbstractPathology is practiced by visual inspection of histochemically stained tissue slides. While the hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain is most commonly used, special stains can provide additional contrast to different tissue components. Here, we demonstrate the utility of supervised learning-based computational stain transformation from H&E to special stains (Masson’s Trichrome, periodic acid-Schiff and Jones silver stain) using kidney needle core biopsy tissue sections. Based on the evaluation by three renal pathologists, followed by adjudication by a fourth pathologist, we show that the generation of virtual special stains from existing H&E images improves the diagnosis of several non-neoplastic kidney diseases, sampled from 58 unique subjects (P = 0.0095). A second study found that the quality of the computationally generated special stains was statistically equivalent to those which were histochemically stained. This stain-to-stain transformation framework can improve preliminary diagnoses when additional special stains are needed, also providing significant savings in time and cost.

scholarly journals  Histological and histochemical studies on the Harderian gland in native chickens

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 404-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Mobini
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Harderian Gland ◽  
Histochemical Staining ◽  
Alveolar Type ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Parasympathetic Ganglia ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Native Chickens

  The objective of this investigation was to study the histological and histochemical structure of the Harderian gland in native chickens. Samples were obtained from 10 male and 10 female adult healthy native chickens. Tissue sections were stained with haematoxylin eosin, Verhoeff’s, Masson’s trichrome, alcian blue (pH 2.5), periodic acid-Schiff and Gomori’s method for reticulum. The multilobular Harderian gland of native chickens was covered by a thin connective tissue which consisted of adipose tissue, parasympathetic ganglia, nerve bundles, collagen, elastic and reticular fibres. Plasma cells were present in interlobular areas. The Harderian gland was compound tubulo-alveolar type. The Harderian duct was lined by columnar epithelial cells of varying height. Goblet cells were not found in Harderian duct. Histochemical staining revealed that the all epithelial cells of both corpus glandulae and ducts contained both neutral and acidic mucins. No significant sex-based differences were found. It is concluded that the general histological and histochemical structure of the Harderian gland in native chickens is similar to that of domestic geese, but that there are also some differences.  

Regioselective N-Acetylation of 4-(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenyl-2,3- dihydro-1H-1,5-benzodiazepine Using Protection by an Intramolecular Hydrogen Bond

2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 969-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A. Escobar ◽  
Jorge Orellana-Vera ◽  
Andrés Vega ◽  
Dieter Sicker ◽  
Joachim Sieler
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Acetic Anhydride ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Intramolecular Hydrogen Bond ◽  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Crystal Structure Analysis ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Acetyl Group ◽  
Intramolecular Hydrogen

Since the amino and the hydroxyl groups of 4-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,5- benzodiazepine can both act as nucleophiles, the introduction of both an N-acetyl and an O-acetyl group is expected when the compound is allowed to react with an excess of an electrophile such as acetic anhydride. An intramolecular hydrogen bond between OH and N-5 of the benzodiazepine has been used to obtain differentiation between the two possible sites of acetylation. Thus, this feature offers a preparatively utilizable protecting effect for the OH group and allows for a regioselective N-acetylation at ambient temperature. Both mono- and diacetylated compounds were prepared and characterized by crystal structure analysis

scholarly journals METACHROMASIA INHIBITING COMPONENTS IN AMYLOID

1958 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
BØRGE LARSEN
Keyword(s):  
Chondroitin Sulfate ◽  
Toluidine Blue ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Methyl Violet ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Toluidine Blue Staining ◽  
Tissue Sections

I): The degree of inhibitory effect of serum proteins and a periodic acid Schiff-positive amyloid fraction on metachromasia resulting from a metachromatic amyloid fraction was studied and compared to the metachromatic potency of chondroitin sulfate exposed to the same type of inhibition. The metachromatic properties of chondroitin sulfate were close to those of the metachromatic amyloid fraction. II): In comparing the metachromasia obtained with toluidine blue and methyl violet, it was noted that on incubation with the periodic acid Schiff-positive amyloid fraction, amyloid metachromosia after methyl violet staining was inhibited less than after toluidine blue staining. III): It is emphasized that a competition between dye and proteins occurs in metachromatic staining reactions. IV): Inhibition of amyloid metachromasia in histological tissue sections could not be demonstrated with the techniques used.

scholarly journals Developmental Changes of Lymphoid Tissue in the Harderian Gland of Laying Hens

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Bejdić ◽  
Rizah Avdić ◽  
Ljiljana Amidžić ◽  
Velida Ćutahija ◽  
Faruk Tandir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Harderian Gland ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Methyl Green ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Lymphoid Nodules

Abstract The Harderian gland of 110 laying hens was histologically investigated from the time of hatching to the period of 10 months of age. Tissue sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-schiff (PAS) and methyl green-pyronin technique. The research shows that lymphoid tissue is colonised by three types of cells: heterophils, lymphocytes and plasma cells. The number of these cells is directly dependent on the bird’s age. During the lifetime of the hens there gradually comes a shift in the dominance of these three cell types. Lymphoid nodules are detected only in 40-day-old chickens, while later in adult birds the Harderian gland is the organ which contains the largest number of mature plasma cells. Some plasma cells contain Russell bodies with different size and shape.

scholarly journals Observations on the Foam Cell in Thalassemia

Blood ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1039-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. SEN GUPTA ◽  
J. B. CHATTERJEA ◽  
A. M. MUKHERJEE ◽  
ANJALI CHATTERJI
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Foam Cell ◽  
Histochemical Study ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Periodic Acid Schiff ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Histiocytic Cell ◽  
Acid Type ◽  
Schiff Reaction ◽  
Red Coloration

Abstract Histologic and histochemical study of the foam cell in the spleen in thalassemia has shown that the foamy appearance is due to the accumulation of an acidic mucopolysaccharide of the chondroitin sulfuric acid type in the cytoplasm of this histiocytic cell. This polysaccharide shows intense red coloration with the periodic acid Schiff reaction, which is thus of great value in demonstrating the foam cell in tissue sections. The possible sources of this mucopolysaccharide have been discussed.

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