scholarly journals A PHYSICAL THEORY OF ACID ANION DISPLACEMENT AND RECOVERY FOLLOWING EXERCISE

1944 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-165
Author(s):  
Manuel F. Morales ◽  
Nathan W. Shock
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Physical Theory ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Acid Anion ◽  
Simple Theoretical Model ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Anion Displacement

A simple theoretical model has been presented whose behavior duplicates the variation in bicarbonate ion concentration in the blood following exercise. Methods for the evaluation of the constants of rational equations to describe the concentration in muscle cells, in blood plasma, and in removal cells, of the anions produced in exercise have been devised. These methods have been applied to experimental data from 23 experiments, and a close agreement between the observed and theoretically predicted values for blood plasma has been found. From the mathematical analysis of the data values for permeability of acid anions produced in exercise have been estimated as 75 x 10–5 and 5.9 x 10–5 cm. per sec. between muscle cell and blood (extracellular fluid) and between blood plasma and removal cells respectively.

Energy expenditure in level and grade walking

1960 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1015-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Bobbert
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Empirical Formula ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Predicted Values

An empirical formula was developed from which mean values for energy expenditure per kilogram of body weight (Ew) can be calculated for groups of normal adult males, walking on a motor-driven treadmill with speeds in the range of 35–115 m/min. and gradients in the range of 0–12 degrees. The formula was derived from experiments with two subjects. From the results it appears that Ew increases with the square of speed both in level and grade walking and that log Ew increases linearly with the geometric angle (in degrees). The validity of the formula was tested by experiments with 4 other subjects and experimental data from the literature. A close agreement between actual and predicted values was found. Factors influencing individual values for Ew are discussed. A diagram is presented from which Ew may be read off for various combinations of gradient and speed. Submitted on September 17, 1959

scholarly journals In-Band Pumped Thulium-Doped Tellurite Glass Microsphere Laser

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 5440
Author(s):  
Elena A. Anashkina ◽  
Vitaly V. Dorofeev ◽  
Alexey V. Andrianov
Keyword(s):  
Tellurite Glass ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Glass Microsphere ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Laser Generation ◽  
Q Factor ◽  
Narrow Line ◽  
Simple Theoretical Model ◽  
Q Factors ◽  
Doped Glass

Microresonator-based lasers in the two-micron range are interesting for extensive applications. Tm3+ ions provide high gain; therefore, they are promising for laser generation in the two-micron range in various matrices. We developed a simple theoretical model to describe Tm-doped glass microlasers generating in the 1.9–2 μm range with in-band pump at 1.55 μm. Using this model, we calculated threshold pump powers, laser generation wavelengths and slope efficiencies for different parameters of Tm-doped tellurite glass microspheres such as diameters, Q-factors, and thulium ion concentration. In addition, we produced a 320-μm tellurite glass microsphere doped with thulium ions with a concentration of 5·1019 cm−3. We attained lasing at 1.9 μm experimentally in the produced sample with a Q-factor of 106 pumped by a C-band narrow line laser.

TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE OF THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES OF IONIC SOLIDS

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 2503-2509 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Volume Expansion ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Present Model ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Thermal Expansivity ◽  
Temperature Derivative ◽  
Computing Model ◽  
Ionic Solids

The present paper proposes a computing model for temperature dependence of volume thermal expansivity, volume expansion ratio and second order temperature derivative of volume based on the assumption that the product αKT remains constant at high temperatures and zero pressure. We have taken NaCl and KCl to testify the validity of the present model. A fairly close agreement between the calculated results and experimental data strongly supports the present model.

A Mathematical Model for Thin-Layer Drying of Litchi Pulp

2012 ◽  
Vol 192 ◽  
pp. 51-56
Author(s):  
Zhi Qiang Guan ◽  
Xiu Zhi Wang ◽  
Min Li ◽  
Xiao Qiang Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Heat Pump ◽  
Moisture Ratio ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Page Model ◽  
Thin Layer Drying ◽  
Drying Models ◽  
Heat Pump Drying ◽  
Predicted Values

A drying experiment of litchi pulp was done with a self-built heat-pump drying system. A few commonly-used thin-layer drying models for foods were linearized and fitted with the drying experimental data to select a relatively optimal model of depicting the relationship between moisture ratio and drying time of the heat-pump drying of litchi pulp. It was found that the Page model is relatively optimal. The multivariate linear regression approach was employed to solve for the parameters of the Page model based on experimental data and an experimental verification was conducted; the verification results show that the predicted values of the Page model have a good fitness with the measured values and thus the Page model can predict more accurately the moisture ratio and drying rate of litchi pulp in a heat-pump drying process.

Volumetric Changes in Cells During Freezing and Thawing

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Knox ◽  
G. S. Schwartz ◽  
K. R. Diller
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Freezing Process ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Image Analysis Technique ◽  
Computerized Image Analysis ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Thawing Process

A thermodynamic model is presented to describe the combined freezing and thawing process for living cells. Continuous changes in the cell volume are predicted according to the thermal protocol imposed on the system. Experimental verification of the model is sought by monitoring continuously the volume of cells as frozen on a cryomicroscope. The volumes of individual cells are measured from sequential photomicrographs by a computerized image analysis technique. The model and experimental data are in quite close agreement for the freezing process, but upon thawing the experimentally measured volumes consistently increased much more rapidly than predicted by the model. The model can be made to conform to the data by accounting for a substantial influx of electrolyte to the cell at subfreezing temperatures.

Energy Loss for Swift Heavy Ions in Different Elemental Absorbers: A Different Approach for Effective Charge Parameterization

2015 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 196-205
Author(s):  
B. Rani ◽  
Kalpana Sharma ◽  
Neetu ◽  
Anupam ◽  
Shyam Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Effective Charge ◽  
Heavy Ions ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Input Parameter ◽  
Quantum Mechanical ◽  
Swift Heavy Ions ◽  
Calculated Energy ◽  
Semi Empirical

The energy loss for swift heavy ions, covering Z=3-29(~0.2 - 5.0MeV/n), has been calculated in the elemental absorbers like C, Al and Ti. The present calculations are based on Bohr’s approach applicable in both classical and quantum mechanical regimes. The major input parameter, the effective charge, has been calculated in a different way without any empirical/semi-empirical parameterization. The calculated energy loss values have been compared with the available experimental data which results in a close agreement.

A Prediction Model of Deflection of Fixing Thin Parts

2012 ◽  
Vol 217-219 ◽  
pp. 1526-1529
Author(s):  
Yu Mei Liu ◽  
Wen Ping Liu ◽  
Zhao Liang Jiang ◽  
Zhi Li
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Experimental Data ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Prediction Model ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
Abaqus Software

A prediction model of deflection is presented. The Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is adopted, and ANN establishes the mapping relation between the clamping forces and the position of fixing and the value of deflection. The results of simulation of Abaqus software is used for Training and querying an ANN. The predicted values are in agreement with simulated data and experimental data.

Membrane potential and ion concentration stability conditions for a cell with a restricted extracellular space

1979 ◽  
Vol 206 (1163) ◽  
pp. 145-161 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Potential ◽  
Extracellular Space ◽  
Ionic Current ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Resting Potential ◽  
Purkinje Fibres ◽  
Zero Current ◽  
Membrane Changes ◽  
The Stability

For an isolated membrane, the resting (zero current) potential is stable if the slope conductance is positive, and is unstable if the slope conductance is negative. Recent work suggests that the properties of many preparations are influenced by the presence of an extracellular space that is not in good diffusive contact with the bulk extracellular fluid. Ionic current flow across the membrane changes the ion concentrations in this space. These concen­tration changes affect the stability of the membrane potential. Even if the slope conductance is negative, the presence of the extracellular space can confer stability on the resting potential. Conversely, even if the slope conductance is positive, the extracellular space can produce instability of the resting potential. Evaluation of the relevant parameters for cardiac Purkinje fibres, from published experimental data, suggests that concen­tration changes in the extracellular space may play a significant role in determining when an action potential is initiated.

Theoretical Model of the Spanwise Mixing Caused by Periodic Incoming Wakes

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Imanari
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Turbulent Diffusion ◽  
Axial Flow ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Mixing Coefficients ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Axial Flow Compressors

A theoretical model is proposed for the spanwise mixing caused by periodic incoming wakes in the context of turbulent diffusion in axial-flow compressors prior to repeating-stage conditions. The model was used to predict the spanwise mixing coefficients across a stator of a single-stage compressor without IGVs. The correctness of the theory was demonstrated by the results that the predicted values were in good agreement with the associated experimental data.

The occurrence of coarse-grained massive tilleyite in the Redcap Creek magmatic skarn, North Queensland

1985 ◽  
Vol 49 (350) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Rubenach ◽  
C. Cuff
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Mass Transfer ◽  
Close Agreement ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Reverse Direction ◽  
Unit Cell Parameters ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Activity Diagrams ◽  
Grey Colour

AbstractEndoskarns formed where a swarm of diorite dykes have intruded calcite marble at Redcap Creek include an inner melilite-dominated, a wollastonite-dominated, and an outer massive tilleyite zone in contact with marble. The massive tilleyite is unusual in that it is coarse-grained (prisms 2–15 cm in length) and its deep grey colour contrasts with the lighter coloured varieties described elsewhere. A chemical analysis gives a formula close to ideal, with only minor substitution of Al, Ti, and Mg. Refined unit cell parameters are in close agreement with those quoted in the literature. The skarns have clearly formed by transport of Si, Mg, Fe, Al, and Ti from the igneous rocks, and Ca in the reverse direction from the marble. Activity diagrams derived from experimental data are most useful in interpreting the zonal sequence of endoskarns, and preliminary results suggest mass transfer at low Xco2 and temperature of the order of 800°C or higher for the formation of the massive tilleyite.

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