The Ecological Context of Trapping among Recent Hunter‐Gatherers: Implications for Subsistence in Terminal Pleistocene Europe

1998 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 711-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trenton W. Holliday
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Context ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Terminal Pleistocene

scholarly journals Camp stability predicts patterns of hunter–gatherer cooperation

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 160131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Smith ◽  
Mark Dyble ◽  
James Thompson ◽  
Katie Major ◽  
Abigail E. Page ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Ecological Context ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Resource Transfers ◽  
Experimental Games ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Do So

Humans regularly cooperate with non-kin, which has been theorized to require reciprocity between repeatedly interacting and trusting individuals. However, the role of repeated interactions has not previously been demonstrated in explaining real-world patterns of hunter–gatherer cooperation. Here we explore cooperation among the Agta, a population of Filipino hunter–gatherers, using data from both actual resource transfers and two experimental games across multiple camps. Patterns of cooperation vary greatly between camps and depend on socio-ecological context. Stable camps (with fewer changes in membership over time) were associated with greater reciprocal sharing, indicating that an increased likelihood of future interactions facilitates reciprocity. This is the first study reporting an association between reciprocal cooperation and hunter–gatherer band stability. Under conditions of low camp stability individuals still acquire resources from others, but do so via demand sharing (taking from others), rather than based on reciprocal considerations. Hunter–gatherer cooperation may either be characterized as reciprocity or demand sharing depending on socio-ecological conditions.

scholarly journals Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene sites in the montane forests of New Guinea yield early record of cassowary hunting and egg harvesting

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (40) ◽  
pp. e2100117118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Douglass ◽  
Dylan Gaffney ◽  
Teresa J. Feo ◽  
Priyangi Bulathsinhala ◽  
Andrew L. Mack ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Late Pleistocene ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Distinct Pattern ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Dietary Preferences ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
Terminal Pleistocene ◽  
Landscape Transformations

How early human foragers impacted insular forests is a topic with implications across multiple disciplines, including resource management. Paradoxically, terminal Pleistocene and Early Holocene impacts of foraging communities have been characterized as both extreme—as in debates over human-driven faunal extinctions—and minimal compared to later landscape transformations by farmers and herders. We investigated how rainforest hunter-gatherers managed resources in montane New Guinea and present some of the earliest documentation of Late Pleistocene through mid-Holocene exploitation of cassowaries (Aves: Casuariidae). Worldwide, most insular ratites were extirpated by the Late Holocene, following human arrivals, including elephant birds of Madagascar (Aepyornithidae) and moa of Aotearoa/New Zealand (Dinornithiformes)—icons of anthropogenic island devastation. Cassowaries are exceptional, however, with populations persisting in New Guinea and Australia. Little is known of past human exploitation and what factors contributed to their survival. We present a method for inferring past human interaction with mega-avifauna via analysis of microstructural features of archaeological eggshell. We then contextualize cassowary hunting and egg harvesting by montane foragers and discuss the implications of human exploitation. Our data suggest cassowary egg harvesting may have been more common than the harvesting of adults. Furthermore, our analysis of cassowary eggshell microstructural variation reveals a distinct pattern of harvesting eggs in late ontogenetic stages. Harvesting eggs in later stages of embryonic growth may reflect human dietary preferences and foraging seasonality, but the observed pattern also supports the possibility that—as early as the Late Pleistocene—people were collecting eggs in order to hatch and rear cassowary chicks.

Neuroethics vs Neurophysiologically and Neuropsychologically Uninformed Influences in Child-Rearing, Education, Emerging Hunter-Gatherers, and Artificial Intelligence Models of the Brain

1993 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anneliese A. Pontius
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Ecological Context ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Intelligence Models ◽  
Normal Functional ◽  
Artificial Intelligence Models ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
The Brain

Potentially negative long-term consequences in four areas are emphasized, if specific neuromaturational, neurophysiological, and neuropsychological facts within a neurodevelopmental and ecological context are neglected in normal functional levels of child development and maturational lag of the frontal lobe system in “Attention Deficit Disorder,” in education (reading/writing and arithmetic), in assessment of cognitive functioning in hunter-gatherer populations, specifically modified in the service of their survival, and in constructing computer models of the brain, neglecting consciousness and intentionality as criticized recently by Searle.

Paleocoastal Landscapes, Marginality, and Early Human Settlement of the California Islands

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy E. Gusick ◽  
Jon M. Erlandson
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Early Holocene ◽  
Human Settlement ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
Northern Channel Islands ◽  
Permanent Settlement ◽  
History Of ◽  
Terminal Pleistocene ◽  
Research Intensity

If the California Islands were marginal for human settlement, why were several of them occupied more or less continuously since Terminal Pleistocene or Early Holocene times? The earliest human history of California's Islands is clouded by sea level rise, coastal erosion, dune building, and differential research intensity. Nonetheless, Paleocoastal sites are abundant on the Northern Channel Islands and Cedros Island, suggesting that they were optimal habitat for early hunter-gatherers, with ample food, freshwater, mineral, and other resources to sustain permanent settlement. Worldwide on islands where late Pleistocene or early Holocene human colonization occurred, climate shifts and massive landscape changes caused by postglacial sea level rise require detailed reconstructions of paleogeography and paleoecology to assess the potential productivity or marginality of islands or archipelagos.

scholarly journals Re-evaluating Pleistocene–Holocene occupation of cave sites in north-west Thailand: new radiocarbon and luminescence dating

Antiquity ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Cyler Conrad ◽  
Rasmi Shoocongdej ◽  
Ben Marwick ◽  
Joyce C. White ◽  
Cholawit Thongcharoenchaikit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Luminescence Dating ◽  
Socioeconomic Change ◽  
Hunter Gatherers ◽  
The Holocene ◽  
North West ◽  
Highland Region ◽  
Terminal Pleistocene ◽  
Mainland Southeast Asia

Established chronologies indicate a long-term ‘Hoabinhian’ hunter-gatherer occupation of Mainland Southeast Asia during the Terminal Pleistocene to Mid-Holocene (45 000–3000 years ago). Here, the authors re-examine the ‘Hoabinhian’ sequence from north-west Thailand using new radiocarbon and luminescence data from Spirit Cave, Steep Cliff Cave and Banyan Valley Cave. The results indicate that hunter-gatherers exploited this ecologically diverse region throughout the Terminal Pleistocene and the Pleistocene–Holocene transition, and into the period during which agricultural lifeways emerged in the Holocene. Hunter-gatherers did not abandon this highland region of Thailand during periods of environmental and socioeconomic change.

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