scholarly journals Nosocomial Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus Associated With the Use of Multidose Saline Vials

2003 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérard Krause ◽  
Mary Jo Trepka ◽  
Robert S. Whisenhunt ◽  
Dolly Katz ◽  
Omana Nainan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Nosocomial Transmission ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Acute Hepatitis C ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Acute Hcv ◽  
Indeterminate Case

AbstractObjective:To identify the source of an outbreak of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among 3 patients occurring within 8 weeks of hospitalization in the same ward of a Florida hospital during November 1998.Design:A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 41 patients hospitalized between November 11 and 19, 1998. Patients' blood was tested for antibodies to HCV, and HCV RNA-positive samples were genotyped and sequenced.Results:Of the 41 patients, 24 (59%) participated in the study. HCV genotype 1b infections were found in 5 patients. Three of 4 patients who received saline flushes from a multidose saline vial on November 16 had acute HCV infection, whereas none of the 9 patients who did not receive saline flushes had HCV infection (P= .01). No other significant exposures were identified. The HCV sequence was available for 1 case of acute HCV and differed by a single nucleotide (0.3%) from that of the indeterminate case.Conclusion:This outbreak of HCV probably occurred when a multidose saline vial was contaminated with blood from an HCV-infected patient. Hospitals should emphasize adherence to standard procedures to prevent blood-borne infections. In addition, the use of single-dose vials or prefilled saline syringes might further reduce the risk for nosocomial transmission of blood-borne pathogens.

scholarly journals PD-1 Expression in Acute Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection Is Associated with HCV-Specific CD8 Exhaustion

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (22) ◽  
pp. 11398-11403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Urbani ◽  
Barbara Amadei ◽  
Daniela Tola ◽  
Marco Massari ◽  
Simona Schivazappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Acute Hepatitis C ◽  
Inhibitory Receptor ◽  
Cd8 Cells ◽  
Acute Hcv ◽  
Cd8 Cell ◽  
Acute Hcv Infection

ABSTRACT Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-specific CD8 cell exhaustion may represent a mechanism of HCV persistence. The inhibitory receptor PD-1 has been reported to be up-regulated in exhausted CD8 cells. Therefore, we studied PD-1 expression longitudinally during acute HCV infection. Most HCV-specific CD8 cells expressed PD-1 at the time of acute illness, irrespective of the final outcome. PD-1 expression declined with the acquisition of a memory phenotype and recovery of an efficient CD8 cell function in resolving HCV infections, whereas high levels were maintained when HCV persisted and HCV-specific CD8 cells remained dysfunctional. Blocking PD-1/PDL-1 interaction with an anti-PDL-1 antibody improved the capacity of expansion of virus-specific CD8 cells.

scholarly journals HLA-Cw*04 and Hepatitis C Virus Persistence

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 4792-4797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloe L. Thio ◽  
Xiaojiang Gao ◽  
James J. Goedert ◽  
David Vlahov ◽  
Kenrad E. Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Viral Persistence ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Class I ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Acute Hepatitis C ◽  
Strong Linkage Disequilibrium ◽  
Persistently Infected

ABSTRACT In studies of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, the early host immune response is one of the determinants of viral persistence. The class I human leukocyte antigens (HLA), which present foreign antigen to cytolytic T cells, are integral components of this response. We hypothesized that the highly polymorphic HLA genes affect the outcome of an HCV infection. To test this hypothesis, we molecularly typed 231 persons with well-documented clearance of an HCV infection and 444 matched persistently infected persons. HLA-A*1101 (odds ratio [OR], 0.49; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.27 to 0.89), HLA-B*57 (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.39 to 1.00), and HLA-Cw*0102 (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.89) were associated with viral clearance, whereas HLA-A*2301 (OR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.01 to 3.11) and HLA-Cw*04 (OR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.21 to 2.59) were associated with viral persistence. HLA-Cw*04 is in strong linkage disequilibrium with HLA-B*53 and HLA-B*35, but only HLA-B*53 (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 0.95 to 3.06) and the Cw*04-B*53 haplotype (OR, 1.76; 95% CI, 0.94 to 3.26) were weakly associated with viral persistence. HLA-B*53 has similar, but not necessarily identical, binding specificity to some HLA-B*35 subtypes (B*35-Px group). The association with the B*35-Px group was less strong than with HLA-B*53 alone. The association of HLA-Cw*04 with HCV persistence was codominant (two copies of the gene were more strongly associated with persistence than one copy). However, HLA-Cw*04 was not associated with HCV RNA levels among the persistently infected individuals. Since Cw*04 is a ligand for the killer immunoglobulin-like receptors on natural killer cells, these cells may be involved in recovery from HCV infection. Further investigation is needed to understand the relationship between class I alleles and HCV clearance.

scholarly journals Acute hepatitis C virus infection

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
W L Irving ◽  
D Salmon ◽  
C Boucher ◽  
I M Hoepelman
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Acute Hepatitis C ◽  
Acute Hcv ◽  
Chronic Hcv Infection ◽  
Chronic Hcv ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Acute Hcv Infection ◽  
Subsequent Risk

Around 25% of people infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) are able to clear the infection spontaneously, while the majority become chronically infected, with a subsequent risk for the individual patient of progressive inflammatory liver disease, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and liver-related death (Figure 1). Much is known about the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of chronic HCV infection. In comparison, knowledge about acute HCV infection is patchy. In this article, we will highlight concerns relating to acute HCV infection and suggest that public health bodies responsible for managing the HCV epidemic should redirect at least some of their resources to dealing with these issues.

scholarly journals Hepatitis C Virus Treatment as Prevention: Challenges and Opportunities in Men Who Have Sex With Men

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 (Supplement_9) ◽  
pp. S782-S788
Author(s):  
Jürgen Kurt Rockstroh ◽  
Christoph Boesecke
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Treatment As Prevention ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Acute Hepatitis C ◽  
Global Epidemic ◽  
Direct Acting Antiviral ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Acute Hcv ◽  
Sex With Men

Abstract Since 2002, a global epidemic of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been noted in men who have sex with men (MSM). Transmission of HCV, particularly in the context of traumatic sex practices that increase the risk of blood-blood contacts (eg, anal sex and fisting), was initially found in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–coinfected and more recently in HIV-uninfected MSM, especially those receiving pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Early HCV treatment with all-oral direct-acting antiviral combination therapy has been associated with very high HCV cure rates of up to 100%. Indeed, immediate treatment of recently acquired HCV directly after new HCV diagnosis, or after 4 weeks if no 2-log10 drop in HCV RNA level occurs, promises rapid HCV elimination. Reports from the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom all show that with increased treatment uptake in this particular patient group, dramatic reductions in new HCV infections can be achieved. A general consensus on how to best screen for and manage acute HCV infections, along with broad access to rapid HCV therapy initiation, is crucial to attaining HCV elimination, a goal that is challenged by high HCV reinfection rates among MSM.

scholarly journals FREQUENCY OF OCCURRENCE OF POLYMORPHIC VARIANTS OF IL28B GENE AND GENOTYPES OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS IN POPULATION OF YAKUTIA: CLINICAL OUTCOMES

2017 ◽  
pp. 86-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I. Semenov ◽  
A. I. Fedorov ◽  
V. L. Osakovsky ◽  
S. S. Maksimova ◽  
F. A. Platonov
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Polymorphic Variants ◽  
Genotype 3A

Aim. Study clinical outcomes in patients with, chronic hepatitis C depending on genotype of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and IL28B gene polymorphism. Materials and methods. 592 individuals were examined, 75 of those had HCV RNAgenotypes determined by PCR. Genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) - rs 12979860 (C/T) and rs8099917 (T/G) in IL28B gene was carried out by real-time PCR. Results. HCV RNA was detected in 72 examined residents of Yakutia. HCV lb genotype was determined in 74.2% of cases, 3a - in 11.4%, la and 2 - 5.7% each. Frequency of polymorph variant rsl2979860 CC was 72.2%, CT - 27.8%, rs8099917 TT - 61.1%, TG - 23.2%. Conclusion. Combination of HCV lb with polymorphic variants of IL28B gene rs.l.2979860 CC and rs8099917 CT showed a less aggressive course of the disease. On the other hand, HCV infection of individuals with genotype 3a and polymorphism rsl2979860 CC or rs809917 TT of IL28B gene showed a more severe clinical presentation. The presence of polymorph variants rs8099917 T/G and rs 12979860 C/T showed more severe clinical outcomes of HCV infection (viral load up to 19035212 copies, cirrhosis with ascite, hepatocarcinoma).

Acute hepatitis C virus infection and direct-acting antiviral drugs: Perfect combination to eliminate the epidemic?

2021 ◽  
pp. 095646242110337
Author(s):  
Cristina Gómez-Ayerbe ◽  
Rosario Palacios ◽  
Maria J Ríos ◽  
Francisco Téllez ◽  
Carmen Sayago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Median Time ◽  
Sustained Viral Response ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Hcv Rna ◽  
Acute Hepatitis C ◽  
Direct Acting Antiviral ◽  
Direct Acting ◽  
Incident Cases

Early diagnosis and treatment of incident cases of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is fundamental to eliminate HCV in HIV-positive patients. From January 2016 to December 2019, we attended 40 episodes of acute HCV infection (AHC) in 35 subjects (9 reinfections) who were coinfected with HIV. The patients were treated with direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) in seven hospitals in Andalusia, Spain. All were men who have sex with men (MSM), mean age was 42.9 (±8.3) years and median time of HIV infection was 46.6 months (IQR: 20.4–67.2). All received antiretroviral therapy and had undetectable HIV viral load (except 2 with 65 and 68 copies/mL); median CD4 count was 632 cells/mm3 (IQR: 553–896). Over half (74.3%) also had another concomitant sexually transmitted infection, syphilis (48.6%) being the most common. AHC was asymptomatic in 32 cases (80%). Genotypeic distribution was G1a 65%, G4 32.5% and G1b 3%. Median time to DAA was 6 weeks (IQR: 4.3–18.3) and median baseline HCV RNA was 6.1 Log (IQR: 5.6–6.5). DAA regimens were SOF/LDV (19 episodes), SOF/VEL (14), ELB/GZV (5) and GLP/PIB (2). All presented sustained viral response and none discontinued due to adverse effects. In conclusion, early treatment with DAA in AHC patients proved effective and safe. It could be an excellent strategy to eliminate HCV infection in HIV-coinfected MSM.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and Functional Changes of Cytotoxic CD56pos Natural T Cells Determine Outcome of Acute Hepatitis C Virus Infection

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (17) ◽  
pp. 9292-9298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Golden-Mason ◽  
Nicole Castelblanco ◽  
Cliona O'Farrelly ◽  
Hugo R. Rosen
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Spontaneous Recovery ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Acute Hepatitis C ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Acute Hcv ◽  
Acute Hcv Infection

ABSTRACT Innate CD56pos natural killer (NK) and natural T (NT) cells comprise important hepatic antiviral effector lymphocytes whose activity is fine-tuned through surface NK receptors (NKRs). Dysregulation of NKRs in patients with long-standing hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been shown, but little is known regarding NKRs in acute infection. Treatment-naïve patients with acute HCV (n = 22), including 10 with spontaneous recovery, were prospectively studied. CD56pos NT levels were reduced early in acute HCV infection and did not fluctuate over time. In resolving HCV infection, NT cells with a more activated phenotype (lower CD158A and higher natural cytotoxicity receptor expression) at baseline predated spontaneous recovery. Moreover, NKG2A expression on CD56+ NT cells correlated directly with circulating HCV RNA levels. Deficient interleukin-13 (IL-13) production by NT cells and reduced IL-2-activated killing (LAK) at baseline were associated with the ultimate development of persistence. These results indicate a previously unappreciated role for NT cells in acute HCV infection and identify a potential target for pharmacologic manipulation.

scholarly journals Early Interferon Therapy for Hepatitis C Virus Infection Rescues Polyfunctional, Long-Lived CD8+ Memory T Cells

2008 ◽  
Vol 82 (20) ◽  
pp. 10017-10031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gamal Badr ◽  
Nathalie Bédard ◽  
Mohamed S. Abdel-Hakeem ◽  
Lydie Trautmann ◽  
Bernard Willems ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Therapeutic Intervention ◽  
Memory T Cells ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Effector Memory ◽  
Acute Hepatitis C ◽  
Acute Hcv ◽  
Acute Hcv Infection

ABSTRACT The majority of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections progress to chronicity and progressive liver damage. Alpha interferon (IFN-α) antiviral therapy achieves the highest rate of success when IFN-α is administered early during the acute phase, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We used a panel of major histocompatibility complex class I tetramers to monitor the phenotypic and functional signatures of HCV-specific T cells during acute HCV infection with different infection outcomes and during early IFN therapy. We demonstrate that spontaneous resolution correlates with the early development of polyfunctional (IFN-γ- and IL-2-producing and CD107a+) virus-specific CD8+ T cells. These polyfunctional T cells are distinguished by the expression of CD127 and Bcl-2 and represent a transitional memory T-cell subset that exhibits the phenotypic and functional signatures of both central and effector memory T cells. In contrast, HCV-specific CD8+ T cells in acute infections evolving to chronicity expressed low levels of CD127 and Bcl-2, exhibited diminished proliferation and cytokine production, and eventually disappeared from the periphery. Early therapeutic intervention with pegylated IFN-α rescued polyfunctional memory T cells expressing high levels of CD127 and Bcl-2. These cells were detectable for up to 1 year following discontinuation of therapy. Our results suggest that the polyfunctionality of HCV-specific T cells can be predictive of the outcome of acute HCV infection and that early therapeutic intervention can reconstitute the pool of long-lived polyfunctional memory T cells.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document