The Impact of ATM Surcharges on Large versus Small Banks: Is There a Switching Effect?*

The objective of the study was to comparatively assess the impact of credit risk on the performance of big and small banks in South Africa. Data from audited financial reports of 14 commercial banks were obtained and divided into two panel data sets and analysed using the R-Studio software version 3.5.1 to assess the impact of capital adequacy ratio (CAR), non-performing loan to gross loan (NPLGL), loan-to-deposit ratio (LTDR), leverage ratio (LR), board gender diversity (BGD), with bank size (total asset) and AGE as control variables, on performance, (return on asset [ROA] and return on equity [ROE]). The findings of the study revealed that non-performing loan (NPL), CAR, LR, LTDR and age of banks all have significant and greater impact on performance, as measured by ROA, of small banks when compared with big banks. Surprisingly, NPL was revealed to have a lesser impact on the ROE of small banks as compared to the ROE of big banks but showed no impact on the ROA of big banks during the period of 2008–2017.

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Proton mobility in SiO2 thin films and impact of hydrogen and humidity on the resistive switching effect

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/opl.2011.1198 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 1330 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Stefan Tappertzhofen ◽

Marek Hempel ◽

Ilia Valov ◽

Rainer Waser

Keyword(s):

Thin Films ◽

Ion Transport ◽

Resistive Switching ◽

Metal Ion ◽

Switching Behavior ◽

Switching Effect ◽

Proton Mobility ◽

Metal Ion Transport ◽

The Impact ◽

Resistive Switching Effect

ABSTRACTSilicon dioxide based Electrochemical Metallization (ECM) cells were intensively studied as a promising candidate for CMOS compatible non-volatile memory devices. The resistance of ECM cells can be switched between a high resistive (OFF) state and a low resistive (ON) state by applying a sufficient voltage or current pulse. This resistance transition is attributed to the formation and rupture of a few nanometers in diameter metallic filament. However, the metal ion transport which is believed to be responsible for the filamentary switching mechanism is not understood in detail. In case of SiO2 we suppose protons or humidity may enhance the metal ion transport.In this work we report our studies on the proton incorporation in amorphous SiO2 thin films focused on the impact of hydrogen and humidity on the resistive switching effect. The switching behavior was analyzed by current-voltage measurements performed at different ambient conditions. The incorporation of hydrogen has been confirmed by Time-of-Flight Secondary-Ion-Mass-Spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS). The results led to an expansion of the defect model proposed in the literature.

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Fintech Innovations: The Impact of Mobile Banking Apps on Bank Performance in Vietnam

International Journal of Research and Review ◽

10.52403/ijrr.20210446 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 391-401

Author(s):

Tam T. Le ◽

Ha N. Mai ◽

Duong T. Phan

Keyword(s):

Commercial Banks ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Balance Sheet ◽

Money Market ◽

Mobile Technologies ◽

Bank Performance ◽

Mobile Banking ◽

Consumer Loans ◽

Small Banks ◽

The Impact

This paper is aimed at analyzing the impact of FinTech innovations on bank performance across mobile banking applications in Vietnam. Using the longitudinal panel data from 2010-2019 (with 220 observations) of 22 local commercial banks in Vietnam. Multivariate panel regression is chosen to experimentally test the research hypotheses. This research paper is one of the first quantitatively investigating the effects of fintech innovation (mobile banking apps) on bank performance in Vietnam. In addition, studies on financial indicators are shown quite comprehensively in the period 2010-2019. Our empirical study has shown the following results: (i) FinTech innovations’ positive impact on bank performance in Vietnam; (ii) Banks’ adoption of mobile banking technologies positively impacted banks’ fee-based income, consumer loans and money market deposits; (iii) The effect of mobile technologies on financial performance was much stronger for small banks than large banks; (iv) As for the balance sheet liabilities aspect, the money market fund of small banks is positively affected by the mobile banking application; (v) In terms of balance sheet assets, consumer loans by small banks are positively affected by the mobile banking application while large banks are not; (vi) GDP per capita has a positive effect on the ROE of both small and large banks; (vii) Mobile phone penetration rates positively affected bank ROA and ROE and its effect was larger on small banks. From the findings, key recommendations to Vietnamese commercial banks to improve bank performance in the context of an increasingly technological development are to: (1) Increase investment in mobile banking apps and the entire mobile banking technology; (2) Increase investment in financial technology, focus more on mobile banking users and the entire mobile banking services; (3) Take advantage of the technical support and consultancy of international organizations and bilateral cooperation with other countries' authorities in management of Fintech businesses; (4) Learn from commercial banks in other countries to draw experiences, thereby develop in own context. (5) Training human resources for the finance and banking industry to not only have professional knowledge and ability to analyze data, but also have to be proficient in operating digital technology. Keywords: Fintech Innovations, mobile banking apps, bank performance, Vietnam, theories of Technological Innovation.

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The impact of the banking system concentration level and the pandemic on the Georgian banking sector

Economics ecology socium ◽

10.31520/2616-7107/2021.5.1-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 24-32

Author(s):

Ana Guruli

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Banking Sector ◽

Concentration Level ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Banking System ◽

Banking Market ◽

National Bank ◽

Small Banks ◽

The Government ◽

The Impact

Introduction. The importance of the banking sector is vital for the economic development of any country, since it is the main structural unit of monetary use, which plays the greatest role in the development of the state. As in all markets, we are faced with competition in the banking market, which is characterized by certain specifics, since the main product is money that cannot be replaced by other goods, and the main purpose of competition is to gain an advantage among agents operating in the same market, which is reflected in the final profit. The more the banking market develops and the more diversified the services offered to clients, the more the role of competition in the banking sector increases. The spread of the pandemic not only impeded the development of healthy competition, but also called into question the normal functioning and development of the banking sector. Aim and tasks. The aim of the study is to determine the level of competition in the Georgian banking sector by the method of identifying total assets and net loans, which aims to identify the causes of the market concentration level and find solutions, as well as to determine and assess the shock effects of the pandemic, because The pandemic period has become an even bigger challenge for the Georgian banking sector, where most of the market players occupy a small volume of the market, the National Bank of Georgia is actively trying to keep up with the challenges, and in order to mitigate the negative impact caused by the pandemic Results. The results of the study showed the monopoly functioning of the market, which is an obstacle to the development of a competitive market, resulting in unhealthy functioning of the market and the development of a flexible banking system, which ultimately negatively affects the stability of the country's economic development. As for the post-pandemic situation, it has been dealt with quite positively in Georgia, with the management of loan and deposit portfolios successfully managed through a temporary supervisory plan developed by the government, which has not been followed by outflow of funds from banks and loan portfolio mismanagement. Conclusions. In conclusion, it should be noted that in a highly concentrated market, small banks should be promoted with various legislative benefits, which will lead to competition, it is possible to impose a so-called "Capital tax", which implies high demands on capital, it will allow small banks to develop in a healthy competitive environment. Despite the fact that no bank was disrupted during the virus shock in Georgia, the financial result was so unfavorable, it was damaged, the main reason for which was the provision of possible losses on loans, which amounted to a total of 1.22 billion GEL, the National Bank of Georgia is actively trying to keep up with the challenges.

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The Impact of the Dodd-Frank Act on Small Banks

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.2347812 ◽

2013 ◽

Author(s):

Tahsen Alqatawni

Keyword(s):

Small Banks ◽

The Impact

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The value relevance of “too-big-to-fail” guarantees

The Journal of Risk Finance ◽

10.1108/jrf-06-2015-0056 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 16 (5) ◽

pp. 498-518 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Armin Varmaz ◽

Christian Fieberg ◽

Jörg Prokop

Keyword(s):

Financial Institutions ◽

Stock Prices ◽

Abnormal Returns ◽

Spillover Effects ◽

Control Group ◽

Too Big To Fail ◽

Content Type ◽

Government Aid ◽

Small Banks ◽

The Impact

Purpose – This paper aims to analyze the impact of conjectural “too-big-to-fail” (TBTF) guarantees on big and small US financial institutions’ stock prices during the 2008-2009 banking crisis. Design/methodology/approach – The paper analyzes shocks to stock market investors’ expectations of government aid to banks in distress and respective spillover effects using an event study approach. We focus on three major events in late 2008, namely, the Lehman bankruptcy, the Citigroup bailout and the first announcement of the Capital Purchase Program (CPP) by the US Government. Findings – The authors found significant differences in market reactions to the respective events between small and large banks. For both the Lehman and the CPP event, abnormal returns on big banks’ stocks are negative, while small banks’ stocks tend to generate positive abnormal returns. In contrast, large banks strongly outperform small banks in the case of the Citigroup bailout. Results for a control group of non-financial firms indicate that this behavior may be specific to the banking industry. The authors observed significant spillover effects to both competitors and non-competitors of Lehman and Citigroup, and concluded that while the Lehman event shook the widely held belief in an implicit TBTF subsidy to large banks, the TBTF doctrine was reinstated shortly thereafter. Originality/value – This paper shows that conjectural TBTF guarantees are priced in by equity investors. While government aid to large banks in distress may prevent negative effects on the stability of the financial system, it may also create negative externalities by putting small banks at a competitive disadvantage. The findings suggest that US and European regulators’ recent policy measures directed at establishing reliable bank resolution schemes should be a step in the right direction to level the playing field for small and large financial institutions.

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Formation of Lunar Craters and Bright Rays as a Result of Meteorite Impacts

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900178404 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 415-418

Author(s):

K. P. Stanyukovich ◽

V. A. Bronshten

Keyword(s):

Explosive Charge ◽

The Moon ◽

Meteorite Impacts ◽

The Earth ◽

Lunar Craters ◽

The Impact

The phenomena accompanying the impact of large meteorites on the surface of the Moon or of the Earth can be examined on the basis of the theory of explosive phenomena if we assume that, instead of an exploding meteorite moving inside the rock, we have an explosive charge (equivalent in energy), situated at a certain distance under the surface.

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The Geosciences Applied to Lunar Exploration

Symposium - International Astronomical Union ◽

10.1017/s0074180900178222 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

pp. 169-257 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

J. Green

Keyword(s):

Lunar Surface ◽

Probable Mechanism ◽

Point Of View ◽

Lunar Exploration ◽

Geological Model ◽

Apply Geophysics ◽

Surface Features ◽

The Impact

The term geo-sciences has been used here to include the disciplines geology, geophysics and geochemistry. However, in order to apply geophysics and geochemistry effectively one must begin with a geological model. Therefore, the science of geology should be used as the basis for lunar exploration. From an astronomical point of view, a lunar terrain heavily impacted with meteors appears the more reasonable; although from a geological standpoint, volcanism seems the more probable mechanism. A surface liberally marked with volcanic features has been advocated by such geologists as Bülow, Dana, Suess, von Wolff, Shaler, Spurr, and Kuno. In this paper, both the impact and volcanic hypotheses are considered in the application of the geo-sciences to manned lunar exploration. However, more emphasis is placed on the volcanic, or more correctly the defluidization, hypothesis to account for lunar surface features.

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Asteroid and Comet Impact Speeds upon Mars: Significance for Panspermia and the Supply of Organics

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s0252921100014718 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 161 ◽

pp. 197-201 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Duncan Steel

Keyword(s):

Probability Distributions ◽

Regions Of Interest ◽

Significant Fraction ◽

Organic Chemicals ◽

Impact Speed ◽

The Mean ◽

The Impact

AbstractWhilst lithopanspermia depends upon massive impacts occurring at a speed above some limit, the intact delivery of organic chemicals or other volatiles to a planet requires the impact speed to be below some other limit such that a significant fraction of that material escapes destruction. Thus the two opposite ends of the impact speed distributions are the regions of interest in the bioastronomical context, whereas much modelling work on impacts delivers, or makes use of, only the mean speed. Here the probability distributions of impact speeds upon Mars are calculated for (i) the orbital distribution of known asteroids; and (ii) the expected distribution of near-parabolic cometary orbits. It is found that cometary impacts are far more likely to eject rocks from Mars (over 99 percent of the cometary impacts are at speeds above 20 km/sec, but at most 5 percent of the asteroidal impacts); paradoxically, the objects impacting at speeds low enough to make organic/volatile survival possible (the asteroids) are those which are depleted in such species.

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