Science, Technology, and the Spanish Colonial Experience in the Nineteenth Century

Osiris ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 70-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Elena ◽  
Javier Ordóñez
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Spanish Colonial ◽  
Science Technology ◽  
Colonial Experience

A Philippine ‘coolie trade’: Trade and exploitation of Chinese labour in Spanish colonial Philippines, 1850–98

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-483
Author(s):  
Mònica Ginés-Blasi
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Spanish Colonial ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Coolie Trade

Chinese immigration to the Philippines has traditionally been studied in relation to commercial activities. But between 1850 and 1898, there was an unparalleled influx of Chinese labourers, which raised the number of Chinese residents to 100,000. This influx was fuelled by the abundant profits obtained by Chinese brokers and foremen, Spanish institutions and authorities in Manila, consuls in China, and Spanish and British ship captains, all of whom extracted excessive fees and taxes from the labourers. The trade in and the exploitation of Chinese labourers in the Philippines have yet to be thoroughly researched. This article shows that the import and abuse of Chinese labourers in and to the Philippines continued throughout the second half of the nineteenth century, and that, despite some anti-Chinese Spanish colonial rhetoric, a wide range of actors and institutions, both in China and in the Philippines, took advantage of this unprecedented inflow of immigrants.

Deportation of “Undesirable” Chinese in the Philippines, 1837–1882

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-246
Author(s):  
Jely Agamao Galang
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
The State ◽  
Spanish Empire ◽  
Spanish Colonial ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
Primary Materials

Abstract Between 1837 and 1882, the Spanish colonial government in the Philippines deported “undesirable” Chinese—vagrants, drunkards, unemployed, idlers, pickpockets, undocumented, and the “suspicious”—to various parts of the archipelago. Deportation, in this context, refers to the transportation or banishment of individuals deemed “dangerous” by the state to different far-flung areas of the islands or outside the colony but still within the Spanish empire. Deportation primarily served as a form of punishment and a means to rehabilitate and improve the wayward lives of “criminals.” This paper examines the deportation of “undesirable” Chinese in the nineteenth-century Philippines. Using underutilized primary materials from various archives in Manila and Madrid, it interrogates the actors, institutions and processes involved in banishing such individuals. It argues that while deportation served its punitive and reformative functions, Spanish authorities also used it to advance their colonial project in the islands. Chinese deportees formed part of the labor supply the state used to populate the colony’s frontier areas and strengthen its control over its newly-acquired territories.

‘The salvational currents of emigration’: Racial theories and social disputes in the Philippines at the end of the nineteenth century

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 426-444
Author(s):  
Florentino Rodao
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Spanish Colonial ◽  
Biological Determinism ◽  
White Race ◽  
Colonial Society ◽  
Late Nineteenth

This article analyses the changing significance of racial theories in the writings of Spanish emigrants in the late nineteenth century Philippines. Works by Antonio Cañamaque, Pablo Feced (Quioquiap), and Antonio Barrantes show how racialised understandings of colonial society in the Philippines evolved, from an initial dismissal of hybridism and rejection of mestizos to assertions of the innate superiority of the ‘white race’ and advocation of a rigid separation between local communities. These developments are considered in the context of the rising popularity of biological determinism alongside an influx of Spanish emigrants into the Philippines. The Spanish settlers used biological determinism to proclaim their role as the sole purveyors of both ‘progress’ and of a kind of egalitarianism. This article describes these debates and arguments, analyses their inconsistencies, and addresses the Filipino elite's responses to the settlers’ racial theories. These responses are read not simply as part of the development of Filipino nationalism, but as reflective of rivalries within the Spanish colonial community in the Philippines, where the locally born found additional reasons to support anticolonialism.

The indiano’s marriage and the crisis of imperial modernity in Galdós’ El Amigo Manso

2016 ◽  
pp. 91-108
Author(s):  
Dorota K. Heneghan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Spanish Colonial

This study examines the significance of the portrait of the indiano and his marriage in Pérez Galdós’ El amigo Manso (1882). By taking into consideration Spanish colonial politics with respect to Cuba in the last two decades of the nineteenth century, the present study foregrounds the ways in which the indiano’s interactions with his family reflect the author’s criticism of the peninsular parties’ inflexibility in their treatment of Cuba and his preoccupation with Spain’s future in the era of imperial modernity.

The archaeology of the Spanish Colonial experience in South America

Antiquity ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 66 (250) ◽  
pp. 217-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Schaedel
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
American History ◽  
Spanish Colonial ◽  
Scientific Objectivity ◽  
North Americans ◽  
Colonial Experience ◽  
Columbian Exchange ◽  
Black Legend ◽  
Clash Of Cultures ◽  
South Americans

Reluctant as one is to admit it, the 12,000 years of North America’s past prior to Columbus are still regarded as irrelevant to mainstream American history. BRIANF AGAN( 1990: 33)IntroductionBrian Fagan’s declaration about the ‘clash of cultures’ applies to contemporary Mesoamericans and South Americans as it does to North Americans. We have passed beyond the age of the ‘Black Legend’, perhaps not entirely, but enough to regard the ‘Columbian exchange’ (Crosby 1973) as a massive confrontation of peoples, the emotional reverberations of which have not entirely disappeared, but whose effects a few of us can measure with scientific objectivity.

Nineteenth-Century Cuban Migrants in the Gulf World

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia Antonia Muller
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
Jose Marti ◽  
Spanish American ◽  
Spanish American War ◽  
Spanish Colonial ◽  
The Core ◽  
Historical View

This chapter defines and develops the concept of the Gulf World that is at the core of the book, tracing the evolution of the region from the 1600s forward. It then takes a long historical view of Cuban migration in the region from the 1820s through the 1890s focusing on famous figures like José María Heredia and Pedro de Santacilia as well as Antonio Maceo and José Martí and demonstrating that their lives and travels spanned Cuba, Mexico and the United States. The chapter ends with a close look at migration, flight and exile in the context of the War of 1895 waged between Cuban insurgents and Spanish colonial forces, which culminated in the Spanish American war.

Hybridity in the Vernacular: Nineteenth-Century Muslim Reform and Resistance

PMLA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 132 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-178
Author(s):  
Maryam Wasif Khan
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The State ◽  
Colonial Power ◽  
Large Collection ◽  
The Past ◽  
Colonial Culture ◽  
Colonial Experience ◽  
Theoretical Conception ◽  
Dark Space ◽  
Colonial Text

[W]hat attracted Nussooh's immediate attention was a cabinet of books. There was a large collection of volumes; but whether Persian or Urdu, all were of the same kind, equally indecent and irreligious. Looking to the beauty of the binding, the excellence of the lithography, the fineness of the paper, the elegance of the style, and the propriety of the diction, Kulleem's books made a valuable library, but their contents were mischievous and degrading; and after Nussooh had examined them one by one, he resolved to commit them also to the flames.—Nazir Ahmad, The Repentance of NussoohIn the past twenty-five years, no theoretical conception has summed up the complexity of the colonial experience, and the possibilities of its interpretation, as well as Homi K. Bhabha's “hybridity.” “he sign of the productivity of colonial power,” but also the “name for the strategic reversal of the process of domination through disavowal,” hybridity exposes the uncomfortable state in which colonial culture settled and expanded and, today, continues to beleaguer the state of being “postcolonial” (Bhabha 112). Signiied by the “discovery of the book,” hegemony was marked by the miracle of an object that was at once authoritative and unknowable, one that the supposedly unlettered native could hold in reverent hands (102). In the dark space of the native's hands and narrated within a native register, however, the “colonial text emerges uncertainly” (107). he intent to civilize and anglicize a body of social, religious, and aesthetic practices in the colony, then, is adulterated, perhaps even unconsciously resisted, once it is disseminated by way of the seemingly irrefutable book.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document