Interfacial Phenomena at the Interface in the System «Carbon Primary Materials-Water Solutions of Surfactants» for Cement Materials

The formation of sustainable concrete is directly relaed to the intensity of the processes occurring at the interface of phases. The study of the surface properties of CNPLUS carbon nanotubes in solutions of various plasticizers was carried out by measuring and calculating adsorption. The applicability of the adsorption value is for forecasting both the efficiency of dispersion and aggregative and sedimentative stability of the obtained dispersion systems. It was stated that two-dimensional pressure arising at the interface of adsorption layers in the dispersive medium with the surfactant Tensafor 2553.2 J/m2 is sufficient to overcome adhesive strength on a small area of the localized contact of carbon nanoparticles CNPLUS, which explains the peptization and stabilization of the particles’ surface. It was established that full stabilization of nanoparticles in the aqueous dispersive medium could be ensured only by means of soap-like surfactants, with the compound potassium naphthalene sulfonate (Tensafor). It ensures formation of the micelle-like structure in coagulation layers that forms a structural and mechanical barrier with the external hydrophilic surface. This leads to the increase in the ultimate tensile strength of the concrete grout specimens by 38%.

Life Cycle Assessment of 2.0 MW Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine for Sustainability Analysis

The world is increasingly experiencing unanticipated catastrophic events because of the impact of greenhouse gasses. The two major issues with the conventional energy system are unsustainability and global warming, which are extremely harmful for the climate. The core objective of this study is a compilation of the findings related to a life cycle assessment of horizontal axis wind turbines in regard to sustainable development. Sustainability aspects and concerns have been studied and reported in terms of the life cycle of wind energy technology. This article focused on energy consumed during the life of the 2.0 MW wind turbine, mostly in the production of primary materials, processes, and maintenance-related transport phase. The turbine’s overall energy produced 1,750,000 kWh throughout a 20-year life. Over a 20year lifespan, the overall energy produced by the turbine is approximately 32% more than the energy needed to construct, and the destination for the turbine materials is a landfill at the end of the turbine’s life. For a 40% wind turbine power ratio, with the wind turbine materials delivered to landfill at the end of the turbine’s life, the electricity payback period is around 10 months, and for recycled materials it is 6 months. The comparison is also done for the wind turbine materials which are sent to landfill with and without recycling.

Comparative analysis of the main occupations working conditions in the copper production by pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical methods in Russia

Introduction. The primary materials for copper production are sulfide copper-nickel and oxidized ores with a copper percentage of 1.5-4%, traditionally processed by the pyrometallurgical method. For processing depleted copper-containing raw materials (less than 1%), the pyrometallurgical approach is not commonly suitable. The introduced hydrometallurgical way differs by including in one production process, combined underground leaching of ore, extraction of copper from solution, and the following electrolysis. At the same time, insufficient attention is paid to the hydrometallurgical method of processing depleted copper raw materials from a hygienic standpoint in our country. Materials and methods. Based on the results of our research carried out at copper-smelting plants using pyro- and hydrometallurgical methods of processing raw materials, a comparative analysis was carried out for such indicators as the pollutants content in the workplaces’ air at different stages of production, predicted values of occupational cancer risks, toxicity indicators, and the health and essential physiological functions of workers. Results. Working under increased heat intensity in hot shops, exposure to sulfur-containing gases and industrial aerosols leads to significant changes in hemodynamics and thermoregulation stress in workers. In the hydrometallurgical production of copper, the only occupational hazard exceeding hygienic standards is sulfuric acid vapours, and changes in physiological parameters and thermoregulation are insignificant. The predicted values of occupational cancer risk for hydrometallurgical machines operators exceed the acceptable level after 9-10 years of working experience. For smelters, an unacceptable level of risk is achieved with up to 5 years of working experience. Conclusion. For the first time in the country, a hygienic assessment of the hydrometallurgical method of processing depleted copper raw materials was proved to be the only appropriate method of improving working conditions in copper production.

Understanding Mud Volcano System Using Hele-Shaw (H-S) Experiment: Seismic Confirmation at East Java Mud Volcano

Numerous researchers have carried out studies on the mud volcano system in East Java. However, there have been no experiments on the mud volcano system's mechanism, including overpressure confirmed by direct subsurface data. Therefore, this study aims to directly evaluate the mud volcano system's mechanism using the Hele-Shaw (H-S) experiment with the subsurface data confirmation. The H-S experiment utilized four primary materials: quartz sand diameter below 250 µm and 320 µm to analogize the porous layer. Gypsum flour clay is the ductile layer, while mud from the Kuwu and Kesongo Mud Volcanoes is the original material from nature. Wax represents impermeable material. The sealing layer is made of wax, and oxygen represents the natural fluids of the rock formation. The overpressured zone is created by pumping oxygen into a layer of quartz sand covered by a wax as an impermeable layer. Pressure is measured digitally, and the process is continuously recorded to produce traceable data. Each material was experimented on individually to determine the critical phase characteristics, valve fault structure geometry, and validation with seismic interpretation. The results indicate that the critical phase of the mud volcano system is characterized by the dome structure at the surface, with high intensify of gas and oil seepage. Piercement structure geometry is shown by plumbing of fluidization zone, which becomes shallower than before. Furthermore, each material's piercement structure geometry shows a consistent pattern, with differences in the density of the fault and pressure structures. Thus, the H-S experiment's validation with seismic interpretation shows a similar geometry in pressure structures and valve faults as the mud volcano system's migration paths.

Feasibility of Using H3PO4/H2O2 in the Synthesis of Antimicrobial TiO2 Nanoporous Surfaces

Ti6Al4V alloys are the primary materials used for clinical bone regeneration and restoration; however, they are substantially susceptible to biomaterial-related infections. Therefore, in the present work, we applied a controllable and stable oxidative nanopatterning strategy by applying H3PO4, a weaker dissociating acid, as a substitute for H2SO4 in the classical piranha reaction. The results suggest that our method acted as a concomitant platform to develop reproducible diameter-controlled TiO2 nanopores (NPs). Interestingly, our procedure illustrated stable temperature reactions without exothermic responses since the addition of mixture preparation to the nanopatterning reactions. The reactions were carried out for 30 min (NP14), 1 h (NP7), and 2 h (NP36), suggesting the formation of a thin nanopore layer as observed by Raman spectroscopy. Moreover, the antimicrobial activity revealed that NP7 could disrupt active microbial colonization for 2 h and 6 h. The phenotype configuration strikingly showed that NP7 does not alter the cell morphology, thus proposing a disruptive adhesion pathway instead of cellular lysis. Furthermore, preliminary assays suggested an early promoted osteoblasts viability in comparison to the control material. Our work opens a new path for the rationale design of nanobiomaterials with “intelligent surfaces” capable of decreasing microbial adhesion, increasing osteoblast viability, and being scalable for industrial transfer.

Keadilan Waris Islam dalam Kedudukan Anak Perempuan sebagai Hajib Hirman terhadap Saudara dalam Putusan Mahkamah Agung

The inheritance of Islam becomes an interesting discussion when it is associated with the position of the heirs of men and women. Including the discussion of girls can or does not become a barrier (blocker) to other heirs become a barrier to obtaining inheritance or termed with Hajib Hirman. The purpose of this study is to find out the concept of fiqh in determining the position of girls to be a barrier to inheritance for brothers and their implementation in the decision of religious courts so that it can be read considerations and decisions of judges whether based on a sense of justice so as to equalize the position of male and female heirs. The method used in this study is library research with primary materials in the form of court decisions on inheritance cases and relevant fiqh books. The results of this study found that Ibn 'Abbas equated the position of the daughter's inheritance with that of the son so as to prevent the heir brother from obtaining the inheritance and the concept of Ibn Abbas which became the reference of judges in the Court of Religion and the Supreme Court in deciding the case based on the principle of justice.

Análisis del “pensamiento computacional” desde una perspectiva educativa

Desde la aparición del término “pensamiento computacional” hace aproximadamente quince años, se ha consolidado internacionalmente como una tendencia en el mundo educativo preuniversitario. Su imprecisión dificulta la celebración de un debate sobre su papel curricular, algo que se echa especialmente de menos en España. El artículo pretende contribuir a aclarar el significado de “pensamiento computacional” y sus implicaciones educativas. Se ha realizado un análisis cualitativo de contenido, utilizando como materiales primarios las definiciones realizadas por una selección de autores e instituciones destacados. Se han analizado tres aspectos: definición, características y elementos, y ámbito de conocimiento. Se han encontrado dos componentes comunes a las definiciones analizadas: la referencia a una “actividad mental” y la inclusión de habilidades de programación. Sin embargo, difieren en la inclusión de otros elementos, que pueden clasificarse como conocimientos, actitudes o competencias. El artículo debate las consecuencias de una definición basada en una “actividad mental” en lugar de constructos educativos. Se concluye que el debate sobre la educación preuniversitaria de la informática debería basarse en un lenguaje educativo más preciso, así como en los actuales conocimientos de los campos de conocimiento de la pedagogía, la informática y la didáctica de la informática. The term “computational thinking” emerged fifteen years ago and has world-wide become popular as a tendency in the pre-university educational scope. Its looseness makes difficult to hold a debate on its curricular role, a lack which is especially severe in Spain. The article aims at contributing to clarifying the meaning of “computational thinking” and its educational implications. We conducted a qualitative content analysis, using the definitions provided by a selection of outstanding authors and institutions as primary materials. Three aspects were analyzed: definition, features and elements, and scope of knowledge. We have found two common components: the reference to a “mental activity” and the inclusion of programming skills. However, the definitions differ in the inclusion of other elements, which can be classified as knowledge, attitudes or competences. The article discusses the consequences of a definition based on a “mental activity” rather than educational constructs. We conclude that the debate on pre-university computing education should be based on a more precise terminology, as well as current body of knowledge in pedagogy, computing and didactics of computing.

Exposures to IARC Carcinogenic Agents in Work Settings Not Traditionally Associated with Sinonasal Cancer Risk: The Experience of the Italian National Sinonasal Cancer Registry

The aim of this study is to highlight tasks and jobs not commonly considered at high risk for sinonasal cancer (SNC) identified by Regional Operating Centers currently active in the Italian National Sinonasal Cancer Registry (ReNaTuNS), which retrieve occupational histories through a standardized questionnaire. Data on exposures to IARC carcinogenic agents in work settings unknown to be associated with SNC risk were collected and analyzed. Out of 2208 SNC cases recorded in the ReNaTuNS database, 216 cases and their worked exposure periods were analyzed. Unsuspected jobs with exposure to wood dust include construction-related tasks, production of resins, agriculture and livestock jobs (straw and sawdust), and heel factory work (cork dust). Other examples are hairdressers, bakers (formaldehyde), dressmakers, technical assistants, wool and artificial fiber spinners, and upholsterers (textile dusts). Moreover, settings with coexposure to different agents (e.g., wood with leather dusts and chromium–nickel compounds) were recognized. The study describes jobs where the existence of carcinogenic agents associated with SNC risk is unexpected or not resulting among primary materials employed. The systematic epidemiological surveillance of all epithelial SNC cases with a detailed collection of their work history, as performed by a dedicated population registry, is essential for detecting all potential occupational cases and should be considered in the context of forensic medicine and the compensation process.

Updates in biomaterials of bearing surfaces in total hip arthroplasty

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is one of the most successful surgical procedures. It entails replacement of the damaged or diseased joint surface with artificial materials. Various materials had been developed and used to achieve optimal outcomes, including longer survivorship and minimal complications. The primary materials used in the manufacture of THA implants are polymers, metal alloys, and ceramics. The failures of THA mainly result from aseptic loosening due to the production of wear particles and the development of periprosthetic joint injection. A lot of advancement and introduction of new biomaterials in THA implants’ armamentarium are designed to avoid the common failure mechanisms and improve the longevity of the implants. In this review, we discussed various aspects of commonly used biomaterials in THA implants, to provide some updated information.

Deportation of “Undesirable” Chinese in the Philippines, 1837–1882

Between 1837 and 1882, the Spanish colonial government in the Philippines deported “undesirable” Chinese—vagrants, drunkards, unemployed, idlers, pickpockets, undocumented, and the “suspicious”—to various parts of the archipelago. Deportation, in this context, refers to the transportation or banishment of individuals deemed “dangerous” by the state to different far-flung areas of the islands or outside the colony but still within the Spanish empire. Deportation primarily served as a form of punishment and a means to rehabilitate and improve the wayward lives of “criminals.” This paper examines the deportation of “undesirable” Chinese in the nineteenth-century Philippines. Using underutilized primary materials from various archives in Manila and Madrid, it interrogates the actors, institutions and processes involved in banishing such individuals. It argues that while deportation served its punitive and reformative functions, Spanish authorities also used it to advance their colonial project in the islands. Chinese deportees formed part of the labor supply the state used to populate the colony’s frontier areas and strengthen its control over its newly-acquired territories.