Anther Fusion Enhances Pollen Removal in Campsis grandiflora, a Hermaphroditic Flower with Didynamous Stamens

2010 ◽  
Vol 171 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming‐Xun Ren ◽  
Jing‐Yu Tang
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Removal ◽  
Hermaphroditic Flower

scholarly journals Bee-Mediated Selection Favors Floral Sex Specialization in a Heterantherous Species: Strategies to Solve the Pollen Dilemma

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1685
Author(s):  
Larissa C. Oliveira ◽  
Alberto L. Teixido ◽  
Renata Trevizan ◽  
Vinícius L. G. Brito
Keyword(s):  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Fitness Components ◽  
Selection Gradients ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
Pollen Removal ◽  
Broad Variation ◽  
Phenotypic Gender ◽  
Pollen Flowers ◽  
Two Populations

Animal-pollinated plants show a broad variation in floral morphology traits and gametophyte production within populations. Thus, floral traits related to plant reproduction and sexuality are usually exposed to pollinator-mediated selection. Such selective pressures may be even stronger in heterantherous and pollen flowers, in which pollen contributes to both bee feeding and pollination, overcoming the “pollen dilemma” or the inability to perform both functions simultaneously. We describe the phenotypic gender and sexual organ morphology of flowers in two populations of Macairea radula (Melastomataceae), a heterantherous and buzz-pollinated species with pollen flowers. We estimated selection gradients on these traits through female and male fitness components. Both populations showed sizeable phenotypic gender variation, from strict hermaphrodites to increased femaleness or maleness. We found a continuous variation in style and stamen size, and this variation was correlated with corresponding shape values of both sexual organs. We detected bee-mediated selection towards short and long styles through seed number and towards intermediate degrees of heteranthery through pollen removal in one population, and selection towards increased maleness through pollen dispersal in both populations. Our results suggest that bee-mediated selection favors floral sex specialization and stylar dimorphism in M. radula, optimizing reproductive success and solving the pollen dilemma.

scholarly journals A Sexually Dimorphic Corolla Appendage Affects Pollen Removal and Floral Longevity in Gynodioecious Cyananthus delavayi (Campanulaceae)

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e0117149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Niu ◽  
Zhi-Qiang Zhang ◽  
Chang-Qiu Liu ◽  
Zhi-Min Li ◽  
Hang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Floral Longevity ◽  
Pollen Removal

COMPARISONS OF POLLEN REMOVAL AND DEPOSITION BY HONEY BEES AND BUMBLEBEES VISITING APPLE

1997 ◽  
pp. 103-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Goodell ◽  
James D. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bees ◽  
Pollen Removal

Staminodes influence pollen removal and deposition rates in nectar-rewarding self-incompatible Phanera yunnanensis (Caesalpinioideae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Menglin Wang ◽  
Shuyin Huang ◽  
Manru Li ◽  
Doyle McKey ◽  
Ling Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Apis Cerana ◽  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Western China ◽  
Pollen Deposition ◽  
Deposition Rates ◽  
Flower Visitation ◽  
Pollen Removal

AbstractStaminodes are sterile stamens that produce no pollen, exhibit diverse structures and perform various functions. Flowers of Phanera yunnanensis possess three fertile stamens with large anthers and long filaments, and seven staminodes with tiny anthers and short filaments. To investigate the adaptive significance of staminodes in this species, we studied effects of staminode removal on pollen removal and deposition, flower visitation rate and fruit set in Xishuangbanna, south-western China. Four species of nectar-foraging pollinators visited flowers, mostly Amegilla zonata and Apis cerana (2.80 ± 0.15 and 1.76 ± 0.41 visits h−1 per flower, respectively). Staminode removal did not affect fruit set, but increased visitation by A. cerana by 2.6-fold, reduced visitation by A. zonata by 68% and increased the pollen removal rate for both pollinators (all effects were significant). Staminode removal significantly reduced pollen deposition rate for A. zonata, but not for A. cerana. These results suggest that the staminodes of P. yunnanensis filter which insects act as pollinators and affect pollen removal and deposition rates. By reducing pollen removal rates, staminodes may implement a pollen-dispensing schedule that spreads pollen dispersal from individual flowers over multiple pollinators. By altering pollen deposition rates, staminodes may influence reproductive fitness in other ways.

scholarly journals Adaptive plasticity of floral display size in animal-pollinated plants

2005 ◽  
Vol 272 (1581) ◽  
pp. 2651-2657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence D Harder ◽  
Steven D Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Display Size ◽  
Adaptive Plasticity ◽  
Floral Display ◽  
Mating Costs ◽  
Pollen Removal ◽  
Floral Display Size ◽  
Subsequent Exposure ◽  
Pollen Vectors ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Pollination Environment

Plants need not participate passively in their own mating, despite their immobility and reliance on pollen vectors. Instead, plants may respond to their recent pollination experience by adjusting the number of flowers that they display simultaneously. Such responsiveness could arise from the dependence of floral display size on the longevity of individual flowers, which varies with pollination rate in many plant species. By hand-pollinating some inflorescences, but not others, we demonstrate plasticity in display size of the orchid Satyrium longicauda . Pollination induced flower wilting, but did not affect the opening of new flowers, so that within a few days pollinated inflorescences displayed fewer flowers than unpollinated inflorescences. During subsequent exposure to intensive natural pollination, pollen removal and receipt increased proportionally with increasing display size, whereas pollen-removal failure and self-pollination accelerated. Such benefit–cost relations allow plants that adjust display size in response to the prevailing pollination rate to increase their attractiveness when pollinators are rare (large displays), or to limit mating costs when pollinators are abundant (small displays). Seen from this perspective, pollination-induced flower wilting serves the entire plant by allowing it to display the number of flowers that is appropriate for the current pollination environment.

The Functional Significance of Poricidal Anthers and Buzz Pollination: Controlled Pollen Removal From Dodecatheon

1994 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 509 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. D. Harder ◽  
R. M. R. Barclay
Keyword(s):  
Functional Significance ◽  
Buzz Pollination ◽  
Pollen Removal ◽  
Poricidal Anthers

Feasibility of Ceiling-Mounted Assist Device of Air-Purifier for Removal of Airborne Allergic Pollen Grains

2015 ◽  
Vol 643 ◽  
pp. 205-208
Author(s):  
Toshiki Takahashi ◽  
Akinori Hashimoto ◽  
Shunsuke Tokoi ◽  
Makoto Goto
Keyword(s):  
Turbulent Flow ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Particle Tracking ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Allergenic Pollen ◽  
Assist Device ◽  
Flow Calculation ◽  
Pollen Removal ◽  
Air Purifier

Feasibility of a ceiling-mounted assist device of the air-purifier for removal of airborne allergenic pollen grains is investigated by both turbulent flow and particle-tracking calculations. The device is mounted straight above the air-purifier and it collects suspended pollen grains in the exhaust flow of the air-purifier. It is found from the turbulent flow calculation that the flow rate of the assist device should be larger than that of the air-purifier. Otherwise the upward air flows around the assist device, and pollen grains move along the surrounding flow; they are never removed from the air. We also found about 40% improvement of the pollen removal efficiency by installing the assist device.

scholarly journals Pollen removal and deposition by honeybee and bumblebee visitors to apple and almond flowers

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1032-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Thomson ◽  
Karen Goodell
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Removal

Pollen Removal, Paternity, and the Male Function of Flowers

1997 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Queller
Keyword(s):  
Male Function ◽  
Pollen Removal
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