scholarly journals Are There Too Many Farms in the World? Labor-Market Transaction Costs, Machine Capacities and Optimal Farm Size

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew D. Foster ◽  
Mark Rosenzweig
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
The World ◽  
Market Transaction

scholarly journals   Study on Chinese farmer cooperative economy organization and agricultural specialization

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 135-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Yang ◽  
Z. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Agricultural Enterprises ◽  
Classical Economics ◽  
Internal Mechanism ◽  
Market Transaction ◽  
Economics Model ◽  
Responsibility System ◽  
Cooperative Economy

 Under the background of the Chinese Household Contract Responsibility System (HCRS), farmers have to pay higher transaction costs and encounter a huge trading risk if they engage in agricultural production only through the market transaction. Since the special properties of agricultural production limit the formation and development of agricultural enterprises, farmer cooperative economy organizations with the main functional characteristics of transaction coordination begin to flourish. By building a new classical economics model, this paper demonstrates the theoretical assertion that the generation of a farmer cooperative economy organization is accompanied by the evolution of the division of labour, the improvement of farmers’ effectiveness and the development of agricultural specialization. Furthermore, this paper does an empirical analysis with the micro-survey data to verify this theoretical assertion. Therefore, this article effectively explains the generation condition of a farmer cooperative economy organization and the internal mechanism of how it promotes the development of agricultural specialization. So this paper provides a strong theoretical and practical evidence for the development of a farmer cooperative economy organization and agricultural specialization.    

scholarly journals How Are Youth Faring In The Labor Market ? Evidence From Around The World

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Fares ◽  
Claudio E. Montenegro ◽  
Peter F. Orazem
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
The World

scholarly journals A critical overview of the transparency and competitiveness of the London stock exchange

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Surajo Sanusi
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Stock Exchanges ◽  
London Stock Exchange ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
The World ◽  
Operational Activities ◽  
Technology Transformation ◽  
Critical Overview

This paper explores the operational activities of the London Stock Exchange in the 21st century to provide an overview of its operational transparency and competitiveness; the competition among its market participants and how it competes with other developed stock exchanges around the world. Evidence was found that suggests the manifestation of both competitive and uncompetitive practices in the London Stock Exchange. The presence of the key elements that enhance the competitiveness of the market, such as continued technology transformation, strategies that promote globalisation and regulatory flexibilities was observed. Simultaneously, signs of non-competitiveness such as high membership and annual fees, transaction costs and stamp duties were also observed.

scholarly journals The Challenges of Student in Indonesia after College Graduates with Career Choice Start: Evidence from Ten Private Universities in Jakarta

The Winners ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
William Vincent Setiawan ◽  
Andi Marlin Fattah ◽  
Angga Puspitaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
Private Universities ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Creative Potential ◽  
Master's Programs ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
The World

This research examined the problem of graduates’ and students’ who began entering the workforce in which they have creative potential during college and could be combined university studies with activities in the world of work. A qualitative approach was used in terms of testing how students get a job in the labor market. Data analysis method used semi-structured interviews to 50 graduates in 10 private universities in Jakarta. This research focused on gender aspects that challenge graduates. This research finds that student while working is more dominant among women than men, where many companies in Indonesia are more looking for female workers. The labor market must be balanced with the number of graduates in Indonesia so that human resources can be used to the fullest; there is no unemployment and improve poverty rates in the country. Most male and female graduates have worked after graduating and getting jobs according to their field of expertise. There are students who pursue their master’s programs to support their careers and as employees in Indonesian companies.

scholarly journals Analysis of the effects of Zimbabwean white farmers on small scale farming in Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Olaniyi Adewumi ◽  
Ayodele Jimoh ◽  
Olubunmi Abayomi Omotesho
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Policy Option ◽  
Development Project ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
The World ◽  
White Farmers ◽  
Local Farmers

Many observers believe that the on-going liberalization of the world will have dramatic negative effects on small farmers in both developed and developing countries. This study aims to capture the effects of the presence of foreign migrant farmers on small scale farm­ing systems, which are prevalent in Nigeria. The Agricultural Development Project Zone D in which the white farmers settled in the state of Kwara, was used as a case study. Primary data were collected from white farmers as well as from local farmers regarding their situ­ation before and after the arrival of white farmers. Descriptive statistics and analysis of the farm budget were used in evaluating the data. The majority of local farmers (98.63%) transitioned towards sole cropping since the arrival of white farmers in the area. There were significant increases in seed rate, fertilizer and other chemicals, as well as labor inputs per farmer in the area when compared to the situation that was prevalent before the white farmers settled there. Their average farm size, distances between their houses and farms and tractor use reduced significantly, while output per farm size increased considerably since the arrival of white farmers in the area. In order to provide sustainability of the posi­tive development, there is the need to seek a policy option that will calm local farmers who once in a while exhibit signs of dissatisfaction for the way in which white farmers came to settle on their land. These could be achieved through the use of the participatory approach to agricultural development in the area. This approach could also be relevant in other re­gions of the world with similar situations. 

Assessing Gender Gaps on ICT Competences in Four European Countries

2019 ◽  
pp. 132-153
Author(s):  
Maria Sarmento ◽  
Diego Galego ◽  
Marta Alexandra da Costa Ferreira Dias ◽  
Marlene Amorim
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Performance Analysis ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Gender Gaps ◽  
The World ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Youth Employability

ICT competences still represent a “stigma” attached to gender around the world. This chapter focuses an analysis on the gender gaps and ICT competences to the access workforce, by analyzing data collected in four European countries (Portugal, Poland, Lithuania and Cyprus) in the scope of a Project “EU Youth: From theory to action (ActYouth).” Within the purpose of answering the hypothesis in understanding, the youth employability, and gender division in the labor market in different regions in Europe, statistical methods were selected and tested. The 537 responses were acquired by questionnaires and interviews and analyzed concerning ICT competences. Data shows that students self-assessment and employer's perspectives of important competences for entry in the labor market. Therefore, an importance performance analysis (IPA) was performed considering the four competences, comparing importance (employers) with performance (students) of competences, and then presented by gender for each analyzed country.

scholarly journals FDI Environment in China: A Critical Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 238
Author(s):  
Manuel Fernandez ◽  
Aysha Abdulla Ahmed Aljeed Alnuaimi ◽  
Robinson Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Market Efficiency ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
The World

Investors prefer to invest in assets and places that offer attractive returns and are relatively less risky. China is one of the countries with the highest economic growth and is trying to attract investors from all corners of the world to invest and participate in the growth of China. The main objectives of this study are to evaluate the position of China as a destination for FDI, the factors that attract FDI into China, and the factors that hinder the flow of FDI into China. It also proposes to examine whether the attractiveness of China is increasing or is it on the decline and the rationale behind it. This study is based on secondary data, covers a period of five years, and analysis various determinants of FDI. The study reveals that China has the potential, political stability, and an organized financial system, but its market has started to shrink as the population growth is declining, the labor cost is increasing, labor market efficiency is decreasing, economic growth and infrastructure developments are decelerating, and corporate and individual tax rates are high.

A great leap of faith: The cashless agenda in Digital India

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 1697-1713 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Athique
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Direct Link ◽  
Critical Question ◽  
International Media ◽  
Ethnographic Studies ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
The World ◽  
Digital Money ◽  
The Government

This article assesses the rationale for India’s November 2016 demonetization, in terms of its origins and impact over the following year. I argue that this intervention was conceived and understood as part of a larger international monetary experiment. The article draws upon international media commentary, impact assessments by Indian scholars and the professed goals of the Government of India. Having established a direct link between demonetization and an advancing ‘cashless agenda’ around the world, I situate Narendra Modi’s Digital India programme as the putative foundation for a transactional economy. Drawing upon ethnographic studies exploring the everyday experience of India’s year of living digitally, this article raises the critical question of who must, or indeed can, bear the transaction costs of this digital utopia. In conclusion, I argue that the rapid expansion of digital money situates these concerns at the heart of social and cultural, as much as economic, analysis.

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