scholarly journals The acute phase immune response involves fever, sickness behavior and an elevated metabolic rate in the subterranean rodent Ctenomys talarum

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Cutrera ◽  
Facundo Luna ◽  
Roxana Rita Zenuto
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Sickness Behavior ◽  
Subterranean Rodent ◽  
Ctenomys Talarum

scholarly journals Some aspects of the acute phase immune response to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge are mitigated by supplementation with a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product in weaned beef calves1,2

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole C Burdick Sanchez ◽  
Jeff A Carroll ◽  
P Rand Broadway ◽  
Tom S Edrington ◽  
Ilkyu Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Sickness Behavior ◽  
Lps Challenge ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Fermentation Product ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Fermentation Product

Abstract This study was conducted to determine if feeding a Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product (SCFP) to calves would alter the acute phase response to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Crossbred steer calves [n = 32; 274 ± 1.9 kg body weight (BW)] were randomly allotted to two treatment diets for 21 d: 1) control, fed RAMP (Cargill, Dalhart, TX) and 2) SCFP, fed the control ration supplemented with NaturSafe at 12 g/hd/d mixed into the TMR (NaturSafe, Diamond V, Cedar Rapids, IA). On day 22, steers were fitted with indwelling jugular catheters and rectal temperature monitoring devices and placed in individual bleeding stalls. On day 23, steers were challenged i.v. with 0.25 µg/kg BW LPS. Blood samples were collected at 0.5-h (serum) or 2-h (complete blood counts) intervals from −2 to 8 h and again at 24 h relative to the LPS challenge at 0 h. Sickness behavior scores (SBS) were recorded after the collection of each blood sample. Rectal temperatures were greater in SCFP steers from 6 to 11 h, at 13 h, from 15 to 20 h, and from 22 to 24 h following the LPS challenge compared to Control steers (treatment × time: P = 0.01). Additionally, SCFP-supplemented steers had reduced (P < 0.01) SBS compared to Control steers. Platelet concentrations remained greater in SCFP-supplemented steers compared to Control steers throughout the study (P = 0.05), while there was a tendency (P = 0.09) for SCFP steers to have greater white blood cells and eosinophils concentrations than Control steers. There was a treatment × time interaction for serum cortisol and glucose (P < 0.01). Specifically, cortisol was greater at 0.5 and 2 h postchallenge but was reduced at 3 h for SCFP steers compared to Control steers. Glucose was greater in SCFP steers at −0.5, 2, and 7.5 h compared to Control steers. Serum amyloid A was reduced in SCFP steers at 0.5 h, yet greater at 1 and 7.5 h postchallenge compared to Control steers (treatment × time: P < 0.01). Fibrinogen concentrations were greater (P < 0.01) in SCFP compared to Control steers. There was a treatment × time interaction (P < 0.01) for tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) such that concentrations were reduced in SCFP steers from 1 to 2 h postchallenge compared to Control steers. Overall, these data suggest that supplementing calves with SCFP may have primed the innate immune response prior to the challenge, particularly platelets, which resulted in an attenuated sickness behavior and TNF-α response to LPS.

Effect of diet quality and soil hardness on metabolic rate in the subterranean rodent Ctenomys talarum

2009 ◽  
Vol 154 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula P. Perissinotti ◽  
C. Daniel Antenucci ◽  
Roxana Zenuto ◽  
Facundo Luna
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Subterranean Rodent ◽  
Soil Hardness ◽  
Ctenomys Talarum

Assessing the energetic costs and trade-offs of a PHA-induced inflammation in the subterranean rodent Ctenomys talarum: Immune response in growing tuco-tucos

2014 ◽  
Vol 174 ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Paula Cutrera ◽  
Facundo Luna ◽  
Julieta L. Merlo ◽  
María Belén Baldo ◽  
Roxana R. Zenuto
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Energetic Costs ◽  
Subterranean Rodent ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Ctenomys Talarum

scholarly journals 233 NaturSafe® supplementation mitigates some aspects of the acute phase immune response to a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in weaned beef calves

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 117-117
Author(s):  
Nicole C Burdick Sanchez ◽  
Jeffery A Carroll ◽  
Paul R Broadway ◽  
Tom S Edrington ◽  
Ilkyu Yoon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Phase ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Sickness Behavior ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Post Challenge ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Lps Challenge ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Monitoring Devices

Abstract This study was conducted to determine if feeding calves NaturSafe would reduce the acute phase response (APR) to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Crossbred steers (n=32; 274±2 kg) were randomly allotted to two treatment diets: 1) Control, fed a standard receiving ration, and 2) NaturSafe, fed the Control ration supplemented with NaturSafe at 12 g/hd/d (NaturSafe®, Diamond V). On d22, steers were fitted with indwelling jugular catheters and rectal temperature monitoring devices and placed in individual stalls. On d23, steers were challenged i.v. with 0.25 µg/kg BW LPS. Serum samples were collected and sickness behavior scores (SBS) recorded at 0.5-h intervals from -2 to 8h and at 24h relative to LPS challenge. Rectal temperatures were greater (P=0.01) in NaturSafe compared to Control steers for the following time intervals following LPS challenge: 6 to 11h, 13h, 15 to 20h, and 22 to 24h. Additionally, SBS were reduced (P< 0.01) in NaturSafe compared to Control steers. White blood cell concentrations were greater (P=0.05) in NaturSafe compared to Control steers prior to the LPS challenge, yet the response to LPS did not differ between treatments (P >0.05). A treatment × time interaction for serum cortisol concentrations (P< 0.01) showed an increase at 0.5 and 2h post-challenge but a reduction at 3h in NaturSafe compared to Control steers. Additionally, fibrinogen was greater (P< 0.01) in NaturSafe compared to Control steers. There was a treatment × time interaction (P< 0.01) for TNF-α where concentrations were reduced from 1 to 2h post-challenge in NaturSafe compared to Control steers. Serum IL-6 tended (P=0.09) to show a reduction in serum concentrations in NaturSafe compared to Control steers. There was a tendency (P=0.07) for a treatment × time interaction for IFN-γ. Overall these data suggest a priming effect of NaturSafe on the innate immune system of steers, resulting in an attenuated APR to the LPS challenge.

scholarly journals Innate cell profiles during the acute and convalescent phase of SARS-CoV-2 infection in children

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie R. Neeland ◽  
Samantha Bannister ◽  
Vanessa Clifford ◽  
Kate Dohle ◽  
Kim Mulholland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dendritic Cells ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Innate Immune Responses ◽  
Immunological Mechanisms ◽  
Activated Neutrophils ◽  
Classical Monocytes

AbstractChildren have mild severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) confirmed disease (COVID-19) compared to adults and the immunological mechanisms underlying this difference remain unclear. Here, we report acute and convalescent innate immune responses in 48 children and 70 adults infected with, or exposed to, SARS-CoV-2. We find clinically mild SARS-CoV-2 infection in children is characterised by reduced circulating subsets of monocytes (classical, intermediate, non-classical), dendritic cells and natural killer cells during the acute phase. In contrast, SARS-CoV-2-infected adults show reduced proportions of non-classical monocytes only. We also observe increased proportions of CD63+ activated neutrophils during the acute phase to SARS-CoV-2 in infected children. Children and adults exposed to SARS-CoV-2 but negative on PCR testing display increased proportions of low-density neutrophils that we observe up to 7 weeks post exposure. This study characterises the innate immune response during SARS-CoV-2 infection and household exposure in children.

Diet effect on osmoregulation in the subterranean rodent Ctenomys talarum

2019 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 148-158
Author(s):  
María Belén Baldo ◽  
C. Daniel Antenucci
Keyword(s):  
Subterranean Rodent ◽  
Ctenomys Talarum

DNA fingerprinting reveals polygyny in the subterranean rodent Ctenomys talarum

1999 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1529-1532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxana R. Zenuto ◽  
Eileen A. Lacey ◽  
Cristina Busch
Keyword(s):  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Subterranean Rodent ◽  
Ctenomys Talarum

Digestive strategies in the South American subterranean rodent Ctenomys talarum

2008 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juana C. del Valle ◽  
Alejandra A. López Mañanes
Keyword(s):  
South American ◽  
The South ◽  
Subterranean Rodent ◽  
Ctenomys Talarum

Bite force and jaw biomechanics in the subterranean rodent Talas tuco-tuco (Ctenomys talarum) (Caviomorpha: Octodontoidea)

2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico Becerra ◽  
Alejandra Echeverría ◽  
Aldo Iván Vassallo ◽  
Adrià Casinos
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Force Transducer ◽  
Bite Force ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Subterranean Rodent ◽  
Soil Hardness ◽  
Ctenomys Talarum ◽  
Adductor Muscles ◽  
Typical Habitat

The Talas tuco-tuco ( Ctenomys talarum Thomas, 1898) is a South American subterranean rodent that digs using both forelimbs and incisors, the latter being used when animals face hard soils and fibrous roots. In this rodent, the incisors are also used during intermale competition for mates. Bite forces were measured on wild females (n = 21) and males (n = 21) (both adult and young individuals) using a force transducer. Bite force was significantly higher in adult males than in females (32 vs. 27 N, respectively). Bite forces calculated on the physiological cross-section of jaw adductor muscles in dissected specimens were slightly higher than in vivo measurements. Regressions against body mass showed that bite force scaled with positive allometry, with slopes of 0.89 (females) and 0.99 (males). No significant differences were observed, neither in the slope nor in the y intercept of both sexes’ equations; therefore intersexual differences in bite forces observed in adults should mainly be due to size dimorphism. Considering that soil hardness of C. talarum’s typical habitat averages 100 N/cm2, and taking into account incisor’s cross-section, it was assessed that the pressure exerted by jaw adductor muscles at the incisors level is three times higher than that required for soil penetration.

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