Political Organization and Land Tenure among the Northeastern Indians, 1600-1830

1957 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-321 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Political Organization

Origins of the Mass Party

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin F. Ackerman
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Critical Mass ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Local Administration ◽  
Partido Revolucionario Institucional ◽  
Communal Property ◽  
Communal Land ◽  
Land Privatization ◽  
Village Government ◽  
Property Holding

This book argues that the mass party emerged as the product of two distinct but related “primitive accumulations”—the dismantling of communal land tenure and the corresponding dispossession of the means of local administration. It illustrates this argument by studying the party central to one of the longest regimes of the 20th century—the Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI) in Mexico, which emerged as a mass party during the 1930s and 1940s. I place the PRI in comparative perspective, studying the failed emergence of Bolivia’s Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario (MNR) (1952–64), attempted under similar conditions as the Mexican case. Why was party emergence successful in one case but not the other? The PRI emerged as a mass party in areas in Mexico where land privatization was more intensive and communal village government was weakened, enabling the party’s construction and subsequent absorption of peasant unions and organizations. Ultimately, the overall strength of communal property-holding and concomitant traditional political authority structures blocked the emergence of the MNR as a mass party. Where economic and political expropriation was more pronounced, there was a critical mass of individuals available for political organization, with articulatable interests, and a burgeoning cast of professional politicians that facilitated connections between the party and the peasantry.

scholarly journals Top-Down or Bottom-Up: Approaches for Addressing Land Degradation in Swaziland and Botswana

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh Baller
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Land Degradation ◽  
Participatory Approach ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Political Background ◽  
Democratic Country ◽  
Land Tenure Systems

The strategies taken by a particular government are largely based upon their socio-cultural and political background. This paper will examine two countries that, while sharing regional proximity and similar conditions surrounding land degradation, have drastically different forms of governance: Swaziland and Botswana. We will examine the problem of land degradation in these countries generally and what aspects of socio-political organization in each country have affected the rate and severity of the problem. This paper will highlight the policy paths taken by Swaziland and Botswana and examine the irony of their methods. Despite Swaziland’s central administration and land tenure systems, they have adopted a more participatory approach to addressing land degradation compared to Botswana, a democratic country.

scholarly journals Territorialities, spatial inequalities and the formalization of land rights in Central Benin

Africa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-352
Author(s):  
Philippe Lavigne Delville ◽  
Anne-Claire Moalic
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Land Rights ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Rural Land ◽  
Spatial Inequalities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Administrative Change ◽  
Customary Land ◽  
The Village ◽  
Land Policies

AbstractThe formalization of ‘informal’ customary land rights is at the core of current rural land policies in Africa. The dubious impacts of such policies on agricultural production, and the recomposition of land rights and governance they cause, have been studied widely. But their territorial dimensions are hardly acknowledged. Studying the implementation of a rural land rights formalization project in central Benin, this article highlights the links between territorialization and plot-level land rights formalization. It first unpacks the notion of the village and presents a conceptual framework for analysing the superimposition of and contradiction between customary and administrative territories. Using two case studies, it then examines the conflicts that arise during formalization operations and their outcomes in terms of the mapping of land rights and political and administrative change. This article shows how the political organization of the territory and the socio-spatial inequalities resulting from the history of settlement shape the results of plot-level land rights registration (which explains why large parts of village territories have not been registered), and, in turn, how these registration operations lead to new territorialization processes and increase the heterogeneity of land tenure rights within the territory.

VALUE OF LAND MANAGEMENT IN THE SPHERE OF ECONOMIC REGULATION OF LAND RELATIONS

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Land Tenure ◽  
Land Ownership ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Economic Regulation ◽  
Land Reforms ◽  
State Planning ◽  
Land Relations

The article deals with the essence and development of socio-economic theory of land management, its goals, modern problems of land reforms and trends in the economic regulation of land relations. Special attention is paid to the assessment of economic efficiency of land management activities carried out in the process of for-mation and organization of the territory of land management facilities. The material of the study was the land Fund as an object of land management, since the content of land management and the order of its conduct must correspond to the level of socio-economic development of society. The system of state and social organization, characterized by the appropriate political organization of society for their regulation and certain land relations, determines the land structure of society. Since land management is a part of the overall system of state planning and financing, each land management enterprise, activity or work should be based on the principles of self-sufficiency, commercial benefits and efficiency. From the point of view of land relations, land cadastre and land management, land is an important part of the natural environment characterized by certain production and nat-ural socio-economic characteristics. Land is the basis of all human activity, which determines the importance of land relations in the socio-economic policy of society. To prevent the disadvantages of land ownership and land use, streamlining of the market of land relations, trading and other operations with the earth creates market land Fund. At the same time, all operations related to the purchase and sale of land plots, the formation of new and streamlining of existing land tenure and land use, redistribution of land ownership, the provision and seizure of land, the device of their territory, must necessarily be based on land management projects.

: Land Tenure in the Colonies . V. Liversage.

1945 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 343-344
Author(s):  
B. L.
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure

“I’m just aware they’re labels”

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Smith
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Origin ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Faith Communities ◽  
Border Crossings ◽  
Sexual Identities ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Class Status ◽  
Sexual Identification ◽  
Minority Ethnic ◽  
Divine Order

This article discusses fieldwork in two research projects on Buddhists in London. It explores issues involved in researching lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, questioning and/or intersex (LGBTQI) Buddhists. It also considers issues around heterosexual identities in Buddhist communi-ties. In researching dynamics of gender and sexual identification of participants it was observed that at times participant narratives treated these identities for these axes of difference as provisional and contingent rather than essential, fixed and a basis for socio-political organization. This contrasts with much of the work on religion and sexuality in mainstream theistic traditions, where their LGBTQI members often argue a “reverse discourse” asserting their place in a “Divine Order” in which their sexual/gender identity is a key part of “who they are.” It is argued that theoretical approaches based on queer theorizing could be particularly applicable to research on Western Buddhist perspectives on gender and sexual identities. This is attributed to the anti-essentialist approach Buddhism takes to questions of subjectivity and identification and its non-hegemonic status in the West. Such queer theorizing would, however, need to acknowledge the constraints to “border crossings” between identity positions arising from oppressive forces from gender minoritization, class status, minority ethnic origin, and so on. It is also suggested that research on the heterosexual majority can elucidate ways in which faith communities are gendered, racialized and stratified by class.

Mammai Mataji

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-126
Author(s):  
Peter Maddock
Keyword(s):  
Social Values ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Western India ◽  
Right Action ◽  
Great Goddess ◽  
The World ◽  
Feminine Divine

The theological and sociological implications associated with the existence (or non-existence) of ancient Great Goddess religions have been hotly debated for more than half a century, even prior the rise of recognizable feminist approaches to Archaeology and Religious Studies. This rare, if not unique, ethnographic account of such a theology as practised today is therefore a significant intervention, hopefully putting some clothes on otherwise naked speculation. The Sorathiya Rabari pastoralists of Saurastra, western India, hold Mammai Mataji as their Godhead. Mammai Dharma (religion) provides their path to salvation and a guide to right action in the world. It is a vital ingredient of Sorathiya Rabari identity and offers a structure for intra-caste political organization. Like most other Hindus, Rabari social values are unambiguously patriarchal, so how this coexists with belief in an omnipotent feminine Divine is explored throughout the article.

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