The Journey of Political Parties in Indonesia in the State System

Democratic country like Indonesia usually generates healthy, growing, and rooted from below political party. In Indonesia, political parties have long been known before Indonesia's independence. At that time, the political party became the medium of the founding father's struggle to fight against colonialism. Since Indonesia's Independence Day, the existence of a political party was admitted and supported by the government. This study needs to do from a political point of view. It will enrich learning and understanding the existence of political parties concerning the development of Political Science in Indonesia. The focus of this study is to describe how the political party's history and its role from Orde Lama until the Orde Baru era in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative research method, and data interpreting will be analyzed using the descriptive analysis method. In the meantime, data validation will be checked and rechecked after collecting data. This study concludes that Indonesian politics has experienced a significant shift in values and practices. Indonesia must begin to review the political system, nation, and state.

Values Influencing the Practice of Investigative Journalism in Malaysia: Media Practitioners’ Perspectives

Investigative journalism has been an American phenomenon, heavily embedded with their values. Scholars mentioned individualism and press freedom as two founding values of investigative journalism practice in the West. This study attempts to explore values influencing the practice of investigative journalism from a different viewpoint, by investigating Malaysia as a democratic country, but having a controlled media environment. Malaysia is also an interesting research subject because it is a developing country with strong Eastern values. Using local yardsticks, this study explores values influencing the practice of investigative journalism in Malaysia from local media practitioners’ perspectives. This research aims to explore more than just the differences between Western and Eastern culture, but also to understand how those different values influence the practice. In-depth interviews were used to explore the perspectives of 16 media practitioners from various backgrounds including editors and journalists who work in mainstream and alternative media in Malaysia. Vast data generated from the interviews pointing to a different viewpoint from current literature. The data, which was thematically analysed, revealed interesting findings which differentiate between Malaysian and Western practices of investigative journalism. The Eastern perspective was found to be dominant, especially in terms of collectivism culture, value of press freedom, and religious teachings influence. This study also highlighted the importance of considering the cultural factor in evaluating any journalism practice in the world. The study concludes that local values and culture must be included as research elements to understand a country’s journalism practice. Keywords: Investigative journalism, media culture, guiding values, press freedom, Malaysia.

Role of village-level workers in the process of political decentralisation

India, the second-largest democratic country in the world with about 1.21 billion people, among which all most half of the total population lives in the villages, and to the welfare of our nation, it is essential to improve the conditions of the villages. Therefore, rural development has become the first and foremost necessity for our country to develop. In India for all-round development of the rural areas the village level worker is responsible. They are recruited by a district-level selection committee chaired by the district collector. Usually, there are ten village-level workers in a development block. They must have passed the matriculation examination and the age limit is 24. They must belong to a rural area. From planning to implementing various policies for the rural people, from making aware the rural poor to ensuring their participation in them are the primary duties of the village level workers.

Understanding the Psychological Perspective of Political Trust in Indonesia Context

Political trust, conceptually understood as a trust in politics, refers to the positive expectation from the citizen that the government, as an institution leader, will deliver citizen’s best interest through policies and regulations. Political trust is considered as one of the indicators that mark legitimation of existing government in addition to the result from election. Trust in politics is a fundamental element that can connect government and citizens for which benefit policies acceptance and avoid political conflict. The dynamic interaction between government and citizens is the most valuable aspect in democracy, of which the government, as the highest administrator, carries aspiration from the public. For Indonesia, a democratic country with its uniqueness in culture, it is crucial to investigate factors that might contribute as the dimensions of political trust. Such comprehensive understanding can inform the betterment of the democratic practices in Indonesia towards a more robust democracy. In this review study, the author analyzed political trust from a psychological perspective and proposes four basic dimensions to understand political trust from Indonesian perspective. These are cultural dimension, gender dimension, subjective preference dimension, and performance dimension.

Tantangan primordialisme dalam upaya membangun budaya politik nasional

Persatuan dan kesatuan bangsa sangat penting dalam sebuah negara bangsa (nation state). Indonesia dihadapkan pada persoalan heterogenitas suku, bahasa, ras, agama, dan kedaerahan yang menjadi tantangan dalam membangunan budaya politik nasional. Oleh karena itu tujuan artikle ini adalah untuk mengkaji ikatan primordial dalam proses national and character building. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi literatur. Sementara teknis analisanya menggunakan analisis isi. Kebutuhan data diambil dari berbagai sumber, baik buku, jurnal, maupun dokumen cetak dan digital. Temuan penelitian menunjukan bahwa (1) Primordialisme menjadi unsur yang paling penting dalam kenakaragaman bangsa dan berperan dalam menumbuhkan patriotisme, namun menjadi tantangan ketika membangun budaya nasional, (2) negara melakukan berbagai upaya dalam mempersatukan keragaman memalui berbagai kebijakan seperti monitisasi ideologi yang cenderung mengarah ke totaliter. Hal tersebut berimplikasi pada marginalisasi dan eliminasi yang menghambat kebebasan yang penting dalam membangun kreativitas dan inovasi dalam negara demokrasi. Unity and diversity is the most urgent thing in a nation-state (nation-state). Indonesia is faced with the problem of ethnic, linguistic, racial, religious, and regional heterogeneity which is a challenge in building a national political culture. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine primordial bonds in the process of national and character building. This study used a qualitative approach with a systematic literature method. While the technical analysis used content analysis. Data needs were taken from various sources, books, journals, and documents, both printed and digital. The research findings show that: (1) Primordialism is the most important element in the diversity of the nation and play a role in fostering patriotism, but it becomes a challenge when building a national culture. (2) The state makes various efforts to unite diversity through various policies such as ideology uniformity which tends to lead to totalitarian. This has implications for marginalization and elimination that hinder freedom which is important in building creativity and innovation in a democratic country.

Euthanasia – Meaning, Types and Its Indian Framework

Euthanasia refers to the act which shortens or terminates life painlessly in order to end suffering where there is no hope of recovery. This paper covers the meaning of Euthanasia differentiating it from suicide. It also gives insight about the different forms or practices of Euthanasia depending to the situation or circumstances prevailing India is a democratic country having different cultures practiced. Viewing different thoughts, practices and history of Euthanasia in cultures of Hindu, Muslim and Christianity gives the significance of Euthanasia in Indian framework.

Legal Education: New Challenges

Legal education should aim at promoting ‘Justice’ - The idea of Bar Council of India was to make the study of law as prestigious and attractive as technological and management studies - What is legal education doing for social justice? - The law schools of this country are confronted with the great task of infusing into our legal system - We have been discussing what our law needs - Legal education as a science which imparts to students’ knowledge of certain principles and provisions of law - Profession of law is a noble calling and the members of the legal profession occupies a very high position - legal education should not only produce attorneys but should be observed as a legal tool for social proposal – The aims of legal education may be multi-fold in a developing democratic country like India - Legal education is a broad concept - Legal education is influenced by a multitude of factors. - The function of the Bar Council of India as rules on standards of Legal Education. Legal education institutions engage in field of legal education and strive to improve the quality of legal education in India. There are many challenges and issues surrounding legal education.

Gender Gap in engineering and medical Colleges in India

Gender gap in Engineering streams is not new. More number of males are seen enrolling for these streams compared to females. In a developing country like India, the population is predominately young and this gap can make a large impact. Interestingly, a noticeable gender gap is also witnessed in students opting for medicine in India. The number of females opting to study medicine is higher compared to males. The large population also creates a surging demand for admissions into reputed institutes and these institutes are few in number, to make it an even ground for students to enter these institutes, National level examinations are conducted every year like the NEET and the AIEE. This present study looks at the statistical data from past five years of these National-level exams conducted for students interested to pursue medicine or engineering. These exams determine student’s admission into IIT’s and other reputed institutes. A significant and a constant gap was observed in gender. In a large democratic country, professional courses like engineering and medicine should not be exclusive for a single gender. Policies and further studies should be made to create these exams and courses gender inclusive

Reflections on the Independent Mass Media of Post-Soviet Countries and Political Competitiveness

The aim of this paper is to analyse political activity in the mass media discourses of states with more democratic and more authoritative regimes respectively, so as to show a clear difference in the context of a formal analysis of mass media content. The current study examines political news on qualitative online media portals in Lithuania, Belarus and Ukraine. Thirty years ago, these states began their independent transition from a closed system to openness/democracy. However, at today’s transition point, only Lithuania is considered a democratic country. In different periods Ukraine has been considered an example of competitive authoritarianism, while Belarus deviated towards complete authoritarianism and dictatorship. All political news items between 2005–2020 (for delfi.lt – since 2007) were collected with the help of the Python program. To measure the indicators, several Python programs were designed. The results of the research confirmed that the intensity of political activity differs in the mass media discourses of states with more democratic (Lithuania, Ukraine) and more authoritative (Belarus) regimes. Furthermore, a clear difference was shown in terms of five indicators, average indicators and the dynamics thereof.

Desingning An E-Voting Information System For Website-Based Village Head Elections

Voting in a democratic country is an important part of the means of choosing leaders. The village head election process in Indonesia still uses conventional voting methods, namely using ballot paper media in the election process. Voting that is carried out conventionally has several obstacles, including the lack of guaranteeing the authenticity of voters' votes, so that people think the results of voting results are often manipulated. In addition conventional selection is deemed inaccurate and time-consuming and costly. In this study the aim of this research is to design an information system e-voting that can be used for the Election of the Village Head of Cemandi, Sedati, Sidoarjo, East Java, where by using this system the election process becomes easier by ensuring the accuracy of the vote count. This system development method uses the model of software engineering waterfall. The test results blackbox show that the functions of the features in the system are running well. Based on the UAT test, the system received an average percentage rate of 86%.