Detonation properties of hydrazine nitrate

The propagation of detonations through several fuel–air mixtures with spatially varying fuel concentrations is examined numerically. The detonations propagate through two-dimensional channels, inside of which the gradient of mixture composition is oriented normal to the direction of propagation. The simulations are performed using a two-component, single-step reaction model calibrated so that one-dimensional detonation properties of model low- and high-activation-energy mixtures are similar to those observed in a typical hydrocarbon–air mixture. In the low-activation-energy mixture, the reaction zone structure is complex, consisting of curved fuel-lean and fuel-rich detonations near the line of stoichiometry that transition to decoupled shocks and turbulent deflagrations near the channel walls where the mixture is extremely fuel-lean or fuel-rich. Reactants that are not consumed by the leading detonation combine downstream and burn in a diffusion flame. Detonation cells produced by the unstable reaction front vary in size across the channel, growing larger away from the line of stoichiometry. As the size of the channel decreases relative to the size of a detonation cell, the effect of the mixture composition gradient is lessened and cells of similar sizes form. In the high-activation-energy mixture, detonations propagate more slowly as the magnitude of the mixture composition gradient is increased and can be quenched in a large enough gradient.

Download Full-text

High-performing and thermally stable energetic 3,7-diamino-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4]triazole derivatives

Journal of Materials Chemistry A ◽

10.1039/c7ta01111c ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (13) ◽

pp. 6100-6105 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Yongxing Tang ◽

Chunlin He ◽

Gregory H. Imler ◽

Damon A. Parrish ◽

Jean'ne M. Shreeve

Keyword(s):

Detonation Properties ◽

Thermally Stable ◽

Triazole Derivatives ◽

High Performing

A family of 3,7-diamino-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4]triazole derivatives is reported and some show promising detonation properties.

Download Full-text

Theoretical exploration about the thermal stability and detonation properties of nitro-substituted hypoxanthine

Journal of Molecular Modeling ◽

10.1007/s00894-020-04391-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Butong Li ◽

Lulin Li ◽

Ting Luo

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Detonation Properties

Download Full-text

Calculation of Detonation Properties of Gaseous Explosives Using Generalized Reduced Gradient Nonlinear Optimization

Propellants Explosives Pyrotechnics ◽

10.1002/prep.201000071 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 314-319 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Abdullah Ulas ◽

Fatih Cengiz

Keyword(s):

Nonlinear Optimization ◽

Detonation Properties ◽

Reduced Gradient ◽

Generalized Reduced Gradient

Download Full-text

Two energetic complexes incorporating 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid and azole ligands: microwave-assisted synthesis, favorable detonation properties, insensitivity and effects on the thermal decomposition of RDX

New Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1039/c6nj00197a ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 40 (9) ◽

pp. 7779-7786 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Qi Yang ◽

Jing Ge ◽

Qibing Gong ◽

Xiaxia Song ◽

Jinwen Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Thermal Decomposition ◽

Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽

Detonation Properties ◽

Microwave Assisted ◽

Green Propellants

The two energetic complexes reported may act as attractive candidates for green propellants.

Download Full-text

Molecular design on a new family of azaoxaadamantane cage compounds as potential high-energy density compounds

Canadian Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1139/cjc-2017-0312 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (2) ◽

pp. 86-93 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Yong Pan ◽

Weihua Zhu ◽

Heming Xiao

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Density Functional ◽

Parent Compound ◽

High Energy ◽

High Energy Density ◽

Lower Sensitivity ◽

Detonation Properties ◽

Detonation Pressure ◽

Cage Compounds ◽

New Family

A new family of azaoxaadamantane cage compounds were firstly designed by introducing the oxygen atom into hexanitrohexaazaoxaadmantane (HNHAA) to replace the N–NO2 group. Their properties including heats of formation (HOFs), detonation properties, strain energies, thermal stability, and sensitivity were extensively studied by using density functional theory. All of the title compounds exhibit surprisingly high density (ρ > 2.01 g/cm3) and excellent detonation properties (detonation velocity (D) > 9.29 km/s and detonation pressure (P) > 40.80 GPa). In particular, B (4,8,9,10-tetraazadioxaadamantane) and C (6,8,9,10-tetraazadioxaadamantane) have a remarkably high D and P values (9.70 km/s and 44.45 GPa, respectively), which are higher than that of HNHAA or CL-20. All of the title compound have higher thermal stability and lower sensitivity (h50 > 19.58 cm) compared with the parent compound HNHAA. Three triazatrioxaadamantane cage compounds, D (6,8,9-triazatrioxaadamantane), E (6,8,10-triazatrioxaadamantane), and F (8,9,10-triazatrioxaadamantane), are expected to be relatively insensitive explosives. All of the title compounds exhibit a combination of high denotation properties, good thermal stability, and low insensitivity.

Download Full-text

Hydrazine-nitrate combustion synthesis of BaCeO3 preceramic powders: structure, morphology and thermophysical properties

10.21203/rs.3.rs-607249/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Maksim Tenevich ◽

Andrey Pavlovich Shevchik ◽

Vadim Igorevich Popkov

Keyword(s):

Thermophysical Properties ◽

Simultaneous Thermal Analysis ◽

Combustion Method ◽

Sintered Sample ◽

Combustion Products ◽

Laser Flash ◽

Barium Cerate ◽

Hydrazine Nitrate ◽

Average Size ◽

The Impact

Abstract In the present work, preceramic nanocrystallite barium cerate (BaCeO3) was successfully synthesized using the hydrazine-nitrate combustion method. Using carbon-free hydrazine (N2H4) as fuel significantly reduced the formation of carbon by-products. Characterization of the as-received powders was performed by XRD, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), simultaneous thermal analysis (DTA-TGA) and adsorption-structural analysis (N2, 77 K). Thermophysical properties of the sample annealed at 1000 °С were investigated using laser flash analysis (LFA) in the temperature interval of 1000 °С. As a result of a comprehensive study, the sequence of chemical and phase transformations that lead to the formation of BaCeO3 with a rhombic structure (Pnma, a = 6.2145 Å, b = 8.7776 Å, c = 6.2337 Å) during the thermal processing of combustion products was investigated. It was established that the average size of the obtained nanocrystals is 38 ± 3 nm and that they form micron-sized agglomerates with a specific surface area of the powder of 4.8 m2/g. It was shown that the sintered sample of BaCeO3 is characterized by thermal diffusivity values of 0.28 to 0.20 mm2/s and thermal conductivity values of 0.41 to 0.35 W/mK, depending on temperature. These results, given the impact of porosity on the sample (~ 40%), show very good agreement with the thermophysical characteristics of densely sintered ceramics based on BaCeO3 – a solid oxide electrolyte SOFC. Consequently, the proposed method of hydrazine-nitrate synthesis of BaCeO3 presents itself as a promising approach to obtaining preceramic powders and ceramics in the area of SOFC.

Download Full-text