scholarly journals Strong Disorder in HgCdTe Studied with Optical Methods and X-Ray Diffraction

2019 ◽  
Vol 1400 ◽  
pp. 066038 ◽  
Author(s):  
D A Andryushchenko ◽  
I N Trapeznikova ◽  
N L Bazhenov ◽  
M A Yagovkina ◽  
K D Mynbaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Methods ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Strong Disorder

Synthetic diamonds produce pressure of 125 GPa (1.25 Mbar)

1987 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 614-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arthur L. Ruoff ◽  
Samuel T. Weir ◽  
Keith E. Brister ◽  
Yogesh K. Vohra
Keyword(s):  
Diamond Anvil Cell ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Synthetic Diamonds ◽  
The Future ◽  
Diamond Anvil ◽  
Future Potential ◽  
Sample Pressure

Synthetic gray-blue diamonds were used as anvils in a diamond anvil cell to produce a pressure of 125 GPa (1.25 Mbar) in a gasketed sample. Pressure was measured by x-ray diffraction methods by using gold and iron as a calibrant and also by optical methods based on the shift of the fluorescence peaks of ruby with pressure. The future potential of synthetic diamonds for ultrapressure research is discussed.

XPS-Study of Excimer Laser-Reconstructed Alumina Surface

1996 ◽  
Vol 441 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Georgiev ◽  
K. Kolev ◽  
L. D. Laude ◽  
O. Brouxhon
Keyword(s):  
Surface Modifications ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Excimer Lasers ◽  
Ceramic Surface ◽  
Alumina Surface ◽  
Ceramic Processing ◽  
Alumina Ceramics ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Xps Study

AbstractSintered alumina ceramics are recognized as important industrial materials. For many of their applications however, a suitable pretreatment is required aiming at improving the ceramic surface properties. Since excimer lasers have recently proved to be efficient in ceramic processing, a detailed investigation of sintered alumina surface modifications upon excimer irradiation has been performed. In a previous work the results of low-angle X-ray diffraction analysis reveal emergence of the alumina gamma-phase within the upper 10nm of the material. This presence is further demonstrated by the XPS-study reported here. The photoelectron data are compared with information obtained by optical methods.

scholarly journals APLIKACE TEXTURNÍ RTG-DIFRAKČNÍ ANALÝZY V TEKTONICE – KVANTIFIKACE PŘEDNOSTNÍ ORIENTACE KALCITU V KARBONÁTOVÝCH HORNINÁCH

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanislav Kurdík ◽  
Rostislav Melichar ◽  
Jiří Novák ◽  
Dalibor Všianský
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Deformation Mechanisms ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Tectonic Movement ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Beam Direction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Pole Figures ◽  
Reflection Geometry

The goal of this work was to apply texture x-ray diffraction analysis to study naturally strained rocks, in which the quantification of main preferred orientation cannot be conducted by the optical methods. This method has mainly been developed for metallography and its application in geology has been very limited so far. Samples of the fine-grained limestone have been collected from an outcrop, in which the direction of tectonic movement has been known. Thus, the tectonic situation could be correlated with the data obtained by XRD texture analysis. Analyses have been done by two devices with different geometry of experiment. The first experiment (Schulz reflection geometry) needed correction for the gain data, because of tilting of the sample, which led to the misalignment of the sample from the x-ray beam direction. The second one (in-plane geometry) has been measured, when the sample has been fixed and rotated, thus the correction was not needed. The results in a form of pole figures reflect the mechanism of deformation. The orientation of cleavage planes of calcite parallel to foliation indicates a cataclastic flow. Thus, the method could be used to study deformation mechanisms. The asymmetry of the results can show sense of shear, but it could also reflect inhomogenities of the samples. 

scholarly journals A new on-axis micro-spectrophotometer for combining Raman, fluorescence and UV/Vis absorption spectroscopy with macromolecular crystallography at the Swiss Light Source

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 765-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillaume Pompidor ◽  
Florian S. N. Dworkowski ◽  
Vincent Thominet ◽  
Clemens Schulze-Briese ◽  
Martin R. Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Resonance Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Optical Methods ◽  
Macromolecular Crystallography ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Application Range ◽  
Swiss Light Source ◽  
And Control

The combination of X-ray diffraction experiments with optical methods such as Raman, UV/Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy greatly enhances and complements the specificity of the obtained information. The upgraded version of thein situon-axis micro-spectrophotometer, MS2, at the macromolecular crystallography beamline X10SA of the Swiss Light Source is presented. The instrument newly supports Raman and resonance Raman spectroscopy, in addition to the previously available UV/Vis absorption and fluorescence modes. With the recent upgrades of the spectral bandwidth, instrument stability, detection efficiency and control software, the application range of the instrument and its ease of operation were greatly improved. Its on-axis geometry with collinear X-ray and optical axes to ensure optimal control of the overlap of sample volumes probed by each technique is still unique amongst comparable facilities worldwide and the instrument has now been in general user operation for over two years.

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

Ribosome Structural Organization

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 332-333
Author(s):  
James A. Lake
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Complete Sequences

The understanding of ribosome structure has advanced considerably in the last several years. Biochemists have characterized the constituent proteins and rRNA's of ribosomes. Complete sequences have been determined for some ribosomal proteins and specific antibodies have been prepared against all E. coli small subunit proteins. In addition, a number of naturally occuring systems of three dimensional ribosome crystals which are suitable for structural studies have been observed in eukaryotes. Although the crystals are, in general, too small for X-ray diffraction, their size is ideal for electron microscopy.

Electron Microscopy of Human Gallstones

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 296-297
Author(s):  
C. Wolpers ◽  
R. Blaschke
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Triclinic Crystal System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Main Components

Scanning microscopy was used to study the surface of human gallstones and the surface of fractures. The specimens were obtained by operation, washed with water, dried at room temperature and shadowcasted with carbon and aluminum. Most of the specimens belong to patients from a series of X-ray follow-up study, examined during the last twenty years. So it was possible to evaluate approximately the age of these gallstones and to get information on the intensity of growing and solving.Cholesterol, a group of bile pigment substances and different salts of calcium, are the main components of human gallstones. By X-ray diffraction technique, infra-red spectroscopy and by chemical analysis it was demonstrated that all three components can be found in any gallstone. In the presence of water cholesterol crystallizes in pane-like plates of the triclinic crystal system.

High Resolution Replication of Organoclay Surfaces

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 576-577
Author(s):  
W. W. Barker ◽  
W. E. Rigsby ◽  
V. J. Hurst ◽  
W. J. Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
Clay Mineral ◽  
Organic Molecule ◽  
Organic Molecules ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Xrd Pattern ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Silicate Layers ◽  
Mineral Identification

Experimental clay mineral-organic molecule complexes long have been known and some of them have been extensively studied by X-ray diffraction methods. The organic molecules are adsorbed onto the surfaces of the clay minerals, or intercalated between the silicate layers. Natural organo-clays also are widely recognized but generally have not been well characterized. Widely used techniques for clay mineral identification involve treatment of the sample with H2 O2 or other oxidant to destroy any associated organics. This generally simplifies and intensifies the XRD pattern of the clay residue, but helps little with the characterization of the original organoclay. Adequate techniques for the direct observation of synthetic and naturally occurring organoclays are yet to be developed.

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