scholarly journals Characteristic study of SiO2 content of quartz rock as a raw material for making silicon metal for solar cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 1434 ◽  
pp. 012021
Author(s):  
D Darwis ◽  
E Sesa ◽  
Iqbal ◽  
S Kasim ◽  
Diharnaini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sio2 Content ◽  
Quartz Rock

scholarly journals Affordable and sustainable new generation of solar cells: calcium titanate (CaTiO3) - based perovskite solar cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 01010
Author(s):  
Alfonsina Abat Amelenan Torimtubun ◽  
Anniza Cornelia Augusty ◽  
Eka Maulana ◽  
Lusi Ernawati
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Power Efficiency ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Heating Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Calcium Titanate ◽  
Open Circuit ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Lead Free

Indonesia is located along the equator lines with the high intensity of solar radiation averaging about 4.5 kWh of electrical energy/day. This potential leads to the selfsustaining energy possibility fulfilling the electricity needs. Due to their unique electronic structures and high-cost merit over the existing commercial PV technologies, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as the next-generation photovoltaic candidate. Their highest power efficiency can be achieved of up to 22.1% in the last 5-6 years. However, this high efficiency came from CH3NH3PbI3 materials which contain lead, a toxic material. Herein calcium titanate (CT) as a lead-free perovskite material were synthesized through sintering of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and titanium oxide (TiO2) by the sol-gel method. CT powders were characterized by SEM, XRF, FTIR and XRD then applied it onto the mesoporous heterojunction PSCs, with a device architecture ITO/TiO2/CaTiO3/C/ITO. By manipulating the raw material stoichiometry and heating temperature in the synthesis of CaTiO3, the device shows the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.12%, shortcircuit current density (JSC) of 0.027 mA cm-2, open circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.212 V and fill factor (FF) of 53.90%. This sample can be an alternative way to create lead-free, largescale, and low-cost perovskite solar cells.

Study on Theoretical Basis and Process Optimization for Solar Grade Silicon Fabrication

2010 ◽  
Vol 663-665 ◽  
pp. 1069-1072
Author(s):  
Yong Chao Gao ◽  
Bai Tong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Photoelectric Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Molten Silicon ◽  
Solar Grade Silicon ◽  
Photoelectric Conversion ◽  
Cell Carrier ◽  
Grade Silicon ◽  
Reactive Gases

As solar energy is inexhaustible, solar cells have become one of the options to the future energy. The raw material silicon as one of the Earth's most abundant resources elements, have the advantage of non-toxic, no pollution, no radiation, high photoelectric conversion efficiency, stability and reliability of optical performance become the main raw material for production of solar cells. Because of its supply is limited, We used relatively inexpensive metallurgical grade silicon as a starting material to produce solar grade silicon for solar cells is considered relatively inexpensive method. Therefore, the removal of impurities from metal silicon witch reduce solar cell carrier lifetime and thus reducing its power generation efficiency is a significant issue. To this end, according to impurities in molten silicon and solid silicon demonstrated various characteristics and existence forms, in this paper we used acid leaching, directional solidification, electron and magnetic field, vacuum melting, blow reactive gases and so on to fabricate solar grade silicon from metal silicon in theory to analyze and optimize process.

Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) Electrolytes and Natural Photo-Sensitizers: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 3647-3658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Semalti ◽  
Shailesh Narain Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Dye Sensitized Solar Cells ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Oxide Semiconductor ◽  
Dye Sensitized ◽  
Sensitized Solar Cells

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have become the subject matter of significant interest for the research and due to their urge in the field of energy conservation. The safe supply of energy is welfare of human life. However, as an unattainable power-energy conservation source, also depletion of fossil fuels is an unfortunate mandate and, definitely it is imminent. To encounter this critical issue of energy, non-conventional sources of energy have gained lots of attention, especially solar energy because it’s a device that converts light-energy directly to electrical-energy without harming the environment. DSSCs provides a reliable and a cheap alternative for different kinds of Photovoltaics. The spectacle realization of Dye-sensitized-solar-cell is typically relying on photosensitizer (Dye), electrolyte and metal oxide semiconductor. A natural dye has become most credible alternative for such expensive and rare inorganic/chemical sensitizers, due to its lower cost, easy fabrication, eco-friendly and abundance of raw material. Also, DSSC has easily implemented technology with significant efficiency. This review paper enlightens the emergence, operation/fabrication, components and development of DSSCs using natural photo-sensitizers and factors that affect the stability.

scholarly journals Ophiolite Chromite Deposits as a New Source for the Production of Refractory Chromite Sands

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 7096
Author(s):  
Micol Bussolesi ◽  
Giovanni Grieco ◽  
Alireza Eslami ◽  
Alessandro Cavallo
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Layered Intrusion ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Sio2 Content ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Foundry Sands ◽  
Acid Environment ◽  
Quality Threshold

Chromite foundry sands, mixed with binding resins, are employed in the industry to form molds for high demanding casting of metals and steel. As there is no substitute, these sands highly contribute to placing chromium at the top value of the economic importance parameter in the EU classification of critical raw materials. Finding new sources to produce these sands can contribute to lowering its criticality. Chromite foundry sands must meet strict quality parameters, referred to as Cr2O3 content, Fineness Index, SiO2 content, and Acid Demand. The foundry chromite market is dominated by South Africa production deriving from layered intrusion chromite deposits. Chromite sands from ophiolite chromite deposits, normally used for the metallurgical-grade chromite market, were tested as an alternative starting raw material to produce chromite foundry sands. The study of the silicate impurities assemblage showed that its mineralogy strongly affects the result of the most crucial parameter, the Acid Demand. Ophiolite chromite with serpentine impurities should be depurated to a hardly affordable 0.31% SiO2 content to meet Acid Demand quality threshold, due to high reactivity of this silicate with the acid environment of the test. Those with olivine impurities require to be depurated to a much more easily affordable 2.11% SiO2 content. As a result, ophiolite chromite with an olivine dominated silicate assemblage can be used as an alternative source of chromite foundry sands.

Preparation of Silicon Nan Spheres by Using Electrical Discharge Machining Method

2011 ◽  
Vol 130-134 ◽  
pp. 980-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Wei Wang ◽  
Juan Hong ◽  
Zhi Wei Zhang ◽  
Zheng Xun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Surface Topography ◽  
Formation Mechanism ◽  
Electrical Discharge ◽  
Electrical Discharge Machining ◽  
Crystalline Silicon ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Key Technologies ◽  
Silicon Based

As one of the key technologies, preparation of silicon nanospheres is very important for developing the new types of silicon based solar cells. In this paper, with the establishment of a novel electrical discharge machining (EDM) system and the raw material of heavy doped mono-crystalline silicon (0.01Ω•cm), silicon nanospheres of which diameter are ranging from 25nm to 280nm have been successfully prepared by using EDM method. The micro surface topography and the elements composition are analyzed by the SEM and the EDS methods respectively. The formation mechanism of nanospheres has also been studied.

A thiourea additive-based quadruple cation lead halide perovskite with an ultra-large grain size for efficient perovskite solar cells

Nanoscale ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (45) ◽  
pp. 21824-21833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti V. Patil ◽  
Sawanta S. Mali ◽  
Chang Kook Hong
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Solar Cells ◽  
Power Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Inorganic Perovskite ◽  
Halide Perovskite ◽  
Lead Halide

Controlling the grain size of the organic–inorganic perovskite thin films using thiourea additives now crossing 2 μm size with >20% power conversion efficiency.

Oxford Spin-Off To Print Solar Cells

2011 ◽  
pp. 011111165738
Author(s):  
Marc Reisch
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells

Mental representation of economic crisis in Italian and Swiss samples 1The authors would like to thank Maurizio Mistri for his help in the construction of items. This research was supported by a grant from the Italian Murst (ex 40%).

2001 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Savadori ◽  
Eraldo Nicotra ◽  
Rino Rumiati ◽  
Roberto Tamborini
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Mental Representation ◽  
Mental Representations ◽  
Social Contexts ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
National Context ◽  
Cluster Procedure ◽  
Total N ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Important Symptom

The content and structure of mental representation of economic crises were studied and the flexibility of the structure in different social contexts was tested. Italian and Swiss samples (Total N = 98) were compared with respect to their judgments as to how a series of concrete examples of events representing abstract indicators were relevant symptoms of economic crisis. Mental representations were derived using a cluster procedure. Results showed that the relevance of the indicators varied as a function of national context. The growth of unemployment was judged to be by far the most important symptom of an economic crisis but the Swiss sample judged bankruptcies as more symptomatic than Italians who considered inflation, raw material prices and external accounts to be more relevant. A different clustering structure was found for the two samples: the locations of unemployment and gross domestic production indicators were the main differences in representations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document