scholarly journals Research and Design of Electrical Stimulation Electrode Arrays Device

2021 ◽  
Vol 1757 (1) ◽  
pp. 012179
Author(s):  
Junquan Tang ◽  
Wenzhu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Electrode Arrays ◽  
Research And Design ◽  
Stimulation Electrode

scholarly journals Feedback control of electrical stimulation electrode arrays

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1185-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.T. Freeman ◽  
K. Yang ◽  
J. Tudor ◽  
M. Kutlu
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Feedback Control ◽  
Electrode Arrays ◽  
Stimulation Electrode

Implantation of Stimulation Electrodes in the Subretinal Space to Demonstrate Cortical Responses in Yucatan Minipig in the Course of Visual Prosthesis Development

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.G. Sachs ◽  
F. Gekeler ◽  
H. Schwahn ◽  
W. Jakob ◽  
M. Köhler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Evoked Potential ◽  
Evoked Potential ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Visual Prosthesis ◽  
Subretinal Space ◽  
Electrode Arrays ◽  
Cortical Responses ◽  
Stimulation Electrode ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Visual Evoked

Purpose During the course of the development of visual prostheses, subretinal stimulation films were implanted in micropigs in order to prove the feasibility of subretinal electrical stimulation with subsequent cortical response. One aim was to demonstrate that epidural recording of visual evoked potentials is possible in the micropig. Methods Film-bound stimulation electrode arrays were placed in the subretinal space of micropigs. This enabled the retina to be stimulated subretinally. Since conventional visual evoked potential (VEP) measuring is virtually impossible in the pig from the neurosurgical point of view, epidural recording electrode arrays were positioned over the visual cortex as permanent electrodes. Results The feasibility of temporary implantation of film-bound stimulation electrode arrays was successfully demonstrated in the micropig model. On stimulation with monopolar voltage pulses (1000 to 3000 mV), reproducible epidural VEP measurements (5 to 10 μV) were detected. Conclusions The feasibility of subretinal stimulation of the retina was demonstrated in a retinal model that is similar to the human retina. This animal model therefore offers a suitable means of studying the tolerability of stimulation situations in the course of visual prosthesis development.

scholarly journals Chronic recording and electrochemical performance of Utah microelectrode arrays implanted in rat motor cortex

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (4) ◽  
pp. 2083-2090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryan J. Black ◽  
Aswini Kanneganti ◽  
Alexandra Joshi-Imre ◽  
Rashed Rihani ◽  
Bitan Chakraborty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Motor Cortex ◽  
Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Cortical Network ◽  
Network Activity ◽  
Rodent Models ◽  
Electrode Arrays ◽  
Chronic Recording ◽  
Wire Breakage

Multisite implantable electrode arrays serve as a tool to understand cortical network connectivity and plasticity. Furthermore, they enable electrical stimulation to drive plasticity, study motor/sensory mapping, or provide network input for controlling brain-computer interfaces. Neurobehavioral rodent models are prevalent in studies of motor cortex injury and recovery as well as restoration of auditory/visual cues due to their relatively low cost and ease of training. Therefore, it is important to understand the chronic performance of relevant electrode arrays in rodent models. In this report, we evaluate the chronic recording and electrochemical performance of 16-channel Utah electrode arrays, the current state-of-the-art in pre-/clinical cortical recording and stimulation, in rat motor cortex over a period of 6 mo. The single-unit active electrode yield decreased from 52.8 ± 10.0 ( week 1) to 13.4 ± 5.1% ( week 24). Similarly, the total number of single units recorded on all electrodes across all arrays decreased from 106 to 15 over the same time period. Parallel measurements of electrochemical impedance spectra and cathodic charge storage capacity exhibited significant changes in electrochemical characteristics consistent with development of electrolyte leakage pathways over time. Additionally, measurements of maximum cathodal potential excursion indicated that only a relatively small fraction of electrodes (10–35% at 1 and 24 wk postimplantation) were capable of delivering relevant currents (20 µA at 4 nC/ph) without exceeding negative or positive electrochemical potential limits. In total, our findings suggest mainly abiotic failure modes, including mechanical wire breakage as well as degradation of conducting and insulating substrates. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Multisite implantable electrode arrays serve as a tool to record cortical network activity and enable electrical stimulation to drive plasticity or provide network feedback. The use of rodent models in these fields is prevalent. We evaluated chronic recording and electrochemical performance of 16-channel Utah electrode arrays in rat motor cortex over a period of 6 mo. We primarily observed abiotic failure modes suggestive of mechanical wire breakage and/or degradation of insulation.

scholarly journals Recording of Electrically Evoked Neural Activity and Bladder Pressure Responses in Awake Rats Chronically Implanted With a Pelvic Nerve Array

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie C. Payne ◽  
Nicole M. Wiedmann ◽  
Calvin D. Eiber ◽  
Agnes W. Wong ◽  
Philipp Senn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Bladder Pressure ◽  
Electrode Arrays ◽  
Pelvic Nerve ◽  
Preclinical Development ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Splanchnic Nerves ◽  
Major Pelvic Ganglion ◽  
Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves ◽  
Awake Rats

Bioelectronic medical devices are well established and widely used in the treatment of urological dysfunction. Approved targets include the sacral S3 spinal root and posterior tibial nerve, but an alternate target is the group of pelvic splanchnic nerves, as these contain sacral visceral sensory and autonomic motor pathways that coordinate storage and voiding functions of the bladder. Here, we developed a device suitable for long-term use in an awake rat model to study electrical neuromodulation of the pelvic nerve (homolog of the human pelvic splanchnic nerves). In male Sprague-Dawley rats, custom planar four-electrode arrays were implanted over the distal end of the pelvic nerve, close to the major pelvic ganglion. Electrically evoked compound action potentials (ECAPs) were reliably detected under anesthesia and in chronically implanted, awake rats up to 8 weeks post-surgery. ECAP waveforms showed three peaks, with latencies that suggested electrical stimulation activated several subpopulations of myelinated A-fiber and unmyelinated C-fiber axons. Chronic implantation of the array did not impact on voiding evoked in awake rats by continuous cystometry, where void parameters were comparable to those published in naïve rats. Electrical stimulation with chronically implanted arrays also induced two classes of bladder pressure responses detected by continuous flow cystometry in awake rats: voiding contractions and non-voiding contractions. No evidence of tissue pathology produced by chronically implanted arrays was detected by immunohistochemical visualization of markers for neuronal injury or noxious spinal cord activation. These results demonstrate a rat pelvic nerve electrode array that can be used for preclinical development of closed loop neuromodulation devices targeting the pelvic nerve as a therapy for neuro-urological dysfunction.

scholarly journals Electrical Stimulus Artifact Cancellation and Neural Spike Detection on Large Multi-Electrode Arrays

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo E. Mena ◽  
Lauren E. Grosberg ◽  
Sasidhar Madugula ◽  
Paweł Hottowy ◽  
Alan Litke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Neural Interfaces ◽  
Spike Sorting ◽  
Electrode Arrays ◽  
Retinal Prostheses ◽  
Sorting Process

AbstractSimultaneous electrical stimulation and recording using multi-electrode arrays can provide a valuable technique for studying circuit connectivity and engineering neural interfaces. However, interpreting these measurements is challenging because the spike sorting process (identifying and segregating action potentials arising from different neurons) is greatly complicated by electrical stimulation artifacts across the array, which can exhibit complex and nonlinear waveforms, and overlap temporarily with evoked spikes. Here we develop a scalable algorithm based on a structured Gaussian Process model to estimate the artifact and identify evoked spikes. The effectiveness of our methods is demonstrated in both real and simulated 512-electrode recordings in the peripheral primate retina with single-electrode and several types of multi-electrode stimulation. We establish small error rates in the identification of evoked spikes, with a computational complexity that is compatible with real-time data analysis. This technology may be helpful in the design of future high-resolution sensory prostheses based on tailored stimulation (e.g., retinal prostheses), and for closed-loop neural stimulation at a much larger scale than currently possible.Author SummarySimultaneous electrical stimulation and recording using multi-electrode arrays can provide a valuable technique for studying circuit connectivity and engineering neural interfaces. However, interpreting these recordings is challenging because the spike sorting process (identifying and segregating action potentials arising from different neurons) is largely stymied by electrical stimulation artifacts across the array, which are typically larger than the signals of interest. We develop a novel computational framework to estimate and subtract away this contaminating artifact, enabling the large-scale analysis of responses of possibly hundreds of cells to tailored stimulation. Importantly, we suggest that this technology may also be helpful for the development of future high-resolution neural prosthetic devices (e.g., retinal prostheses).

scholarly journals Binocular 3D otolith-ocular reflexes: responses of chinchillas to prosthetic electrical stimulation targeting the utricle and saccule

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin N. Hageman ◽  
Margaret R. Chow ◽  
Dale Roberts ◽  
Peter J. Boutros ◽  
Angela Tooker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Hair Cells ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Semicircular Canals ◽  
Bipolar Electrode ◽  
Electrode Arrays ◽  
Reflex Responses ◽  
Ocular Reflex ◽  
Postural Responses ◽  
Stimulation Of

From animal experiments by Cohen and Suzuki et al. in the 1960s to the first-in-human clinical trials now in progress, prosthetic electrical stimulation targeting semicircular canal branches of the vestibular nerve has proven effective at driving directionally appropriate vestibulo-ocular reflex eye movements, postural responses, and perception. That work was considerably facilitated by the fact that all hair cells and primary afferent neurons in each canal have the same directional sensitivity to head rotation, the three canals’ ampullary nerves are geometrically distinct from one another, and electrically evoked three-dimensional (3D) canal-ocular reflex responses approximate a simple vector sum of linearly independent components representing relative excitation of each of the three canals. In contrast, selective prosthetic stimulation of the utricle and saccule has been difficult to achieve, because hair cells and afferents with many different directional sensitivities are densely packed in those endorgans and the relationship between 3D otolith-ocular reflex responses and the natural and/or prosthetic stimuli that elicit them is more complex. As a result, controversy exists regarding whether selective, controllable stimulation of electrically evoked otolith-ocular reflexes (eeOOR) is possible. Using micromachined, planar arrays of electrodes implanted in the labyrinth, we quantified 3D, binocular eeOOR responses to prosthetic electrical stimulation targeting the utricle, saccule, and semicircular canals of alert chinchillas. Stimuli delivered via near-bipolar electrode pairs near the maculae elicited sustained ocular countertilt responses that grew reliably with pulse rate and pulse amplitude, varied in direction according to which stimulating electrode was employed, and exhibited temporal dynamics consistent with responses expected for isolated macular stimulation. NEW & NOTEWORTHY As the second in a pair of papers on Binocular 3D Otolith-Ocular Reflexes, this paper describes new planar electrode arrays and vestibular prosthesis architecture designed to target the three semicircular canals and the utricle and saccule. With this technological advancement, electrically evoked otolith-ocular reflexes due to stimulation via utricle- and saccule-targeted electrodes were recorded in chinchillas. Results demonstrate advances toward achieving selective stimulation of the utricle and saccule.

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