scholarly journals Ordinary Least Squares based on Fourier Series Residuals for fitting the Modified Exponential Growth Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 1897 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
Saifaldin Hashim Kamar ◽  
Basim Shlaibah Msallam ◽  
Hassan S. Uraibi
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Series ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Exponential Growth Model

scholarly journals Estimating COVID-19 cases infected with the variant alpha (VOC 202012/01): an analysis of screening data in Tokyo, January-March 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroaki Murayama ◽  
Taishi Kayano ◽  
Hiroshi Nishiura
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Hypergeometric Distribution ◽  
Actual Number ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Exponential Growth Model

Abstract Background In Japan, a part of confirmed patients’ samples have been screened for the variant of concern (VOC), including the variant alpha with N501Y mutation. The present study aimed to estimate the actual number of cases with variant alpha and reconstruct the epidemiological dynamics. Methods The number of cases with variant alpha out of all PCR confirmed cases was estimated, employing a hypergeometric distribution. An exponential growth model was fitted to the growth data of variant alpha cases over fourteen weeks in Tokyo. Results The weekly incidence with variant alpha from 18–24 January 2021 was estimated at 4.2 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.7, 44.0) cases. The expected incidence in early May ranged from 420–1120 cases per week, and the reproduction number of variant alpha was on the order of 1.5 even under the restriction of contact from January-March, 2021, Tokyo. Conclusions The variant alpha was predicted to swiftly dominate COVID-19 cases in Tokyo, and this has actually occurred by May 2021. Devising the proposed method, any country or location can interpret the virological sampling data.

scholarly journals Estimated Effect of COVID-19 Lockdown on Skin Tumor Size and Survival: An Exponential Growth Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 111 (8) ◽  
pp. 629-638
Author(s):  
A. Tejera-Vaquerizo ◽  
J. Cañueto ◽  
A. Toll ◽  
J. Santos-Juanes ◽  
A. Jaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Skin Tumor ◽  
Exponential Growth Model

scholarly journals Models for Predicting Global Plastic Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuexing Hao ◽  
Glenn Shafer
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Real World ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
The Self ◽  
Scientific Models ◽  
Adaptive Model ◽  
The Real ◽  
Exponential Growth Model ◽  
Self Adaptive

For more than half a century, plastic prod-ucts have been a part of people’s lives. When plastic waste is thrown into nature, it can cause a sequence of dangerous effects. Previous researchers esti-mated that global plastic waste in 2020 will be more than 400 million tons. To reduce plastic waste, they built scientific models to analyze the sources of plas-tic and provided solutions for regenerating these plastic wastes. However, their models are static and inaccurate, which may cause some false predictions.In this paper, we first observe the distribution of the real-world plastic waste data. Then, we build simple exponential growth model and logistics model to match these data. By testing different models on our plots, we discover that the SELF-ADAPTIVE MODEL is the best to describe and correctly predict our future plastic waste production, as this model combines the benefits of SIMPLE EXPONENTIAL GROWTH MODEL and the LOGISTIC MODEL. The self-Adaptive model has the potential to minimize the error rate and make the predictions more accurate. Based on this model, we can develop more accurate and informative solu-tions for the real-world plastic problems.

scholarly journals Predicting the COVID-19 positive cases in India with concern to Lockdown by using Mathematical and Machine Learning based Models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajit Kumar Pasayat ◽  
Satya Narayan Pati ◽  
Aashirbad Maharana
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Linear Regression Model ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Epidemic Curve ◽  
First Case ◽  
Exponential Growth Model

In this study, we analyze the number of infected positive cases of COVID-19 outbreak with concern to lockdown in India in the time window of February 11th 2020 to Jun 30th 2020. The first case in India was reported in Kerala on January 30th 2020. To break the chain of spreading, Government announced a nationwide lockdown on March 24th 2020, which is increased two times. The Ongoing lockdown 3.0 is over on May 18th, 2020. We derived how the lockdown relaxation is going to impact on containment of the outbreak. Here the Exponential Growth Model has been used to derive the epidemic curve based on the data collected from February 11th 2020, to May 11th 2020, and the Machine Learning based Linear Regression model that gives the epidemic curve to predict the cases with the continuous flow of the lockdown. We estimate that if the lockdown is continuing with more relaxation, then the estimated infected cases reach up to 1.16 crores by June 30th 2020, and the lockdown would persist with current restriction, then the expected predicted infected cases are 5.69 lacs. The Exponential Growth Model and the Linear Regression Model are advantageous to predict the number of affected cases of COVID-19. These models can be used for forecasting in long term intervals. It shows from our result that lockdown with certain restriction has a vital role in preventing the spreading of this epidemic in this current situation.

scholarly journals Production of annual ryegrass with different doses of nitrogen fertilization in topdressing

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 1329
Author(s):  
Delvacir Rezende Bolke ◽  
Ione Maria Pereira Haygert-Velho ◽  
Luiz Carlos Timm ◽  
Dileta Regina Moro Alessio ◽  
Andréa Mittelmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Exponential Growth Model ◽  
Different Doses

The objective of this study was to assess the growth of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) cv. BRS Ponteio with different doses of nitrogen applied in the pasture, thereby adjusting their growth to the exponential growth model. A randomized block design was used with five nitrogen application rates (0, 150, 250, 350, and 450 kg N ha-1) and four replicates, applied in installments. Each plot measured 9 m2. On April 15, 2014, 25 kg ha-1 of viable pure seeds of annual ryegrass were sown at a depth of 0.02 m, in 18 rows spaced at 0.17 m in each plot. Growth in the control treatment (zero nitrogen) pasture lasted 167 days with only three cuts, whereas in pastures treated with 350 and 450 kg N ha-1, growth was extended for an additional 45 days with a 333% increase in the number of cuts. The pastures were used for the same duration (188 days) in the treatments with 150 and 250 kg N ha-1, however, increased nitrogen resulted in two additional cuts and a shorter time interval between cuts. The time interval between each cut and the degree-days interacted dynamically causing distinct growth. Growth of the annual ryegrass BRS Ponteio without nitrogen application is poor and cannot be represented even by a first order linear model. The application of nitrogen topdressing, in the form of urea, decreases the time interval between cuts, increases the dry matter production per hectare, stimulates this production, and follows the exponential growth model.

Exponential growth model of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) strains considering heteroscedastic variance

Aquaculture ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 274 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vander Bruno dos Santos ◽  
Eidi Yoshihara ◽  
Rilke Tadeu Fonseca de Freitas ◽  
Rafael Vilhena Reis Neto
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Nile Tilapia Oreochromis Niloticus ◽  
Exponential Growth Model ◽  
Heteroscedastic Variance

NUMBER OF INSTARS OF THE PITCH PINE TIP MOTH, RHYACIONIA RIGIDANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE, OLETHREUTINAE)

1982 ◽  
Vol 114 (6) ◽  
pp. 531-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Gargiullo ◽  
C. W. Berisford
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Head Capsule ◽  
Normal Distributions ◽  
Multimodal Analysis ◽  
Pitch Pine ◽  
Exponential Growth Model

AbstractHead capsule widths were measured on 962 larvae of Rhyacionia rigidana (Fernald). Five instars were detected using multimodal analysis, and normal distributions of head widths for each instar are given. Regression using an exponential growth model was used to generate mean head widths according to Dyar's rule. These widths did not differ significantly from observed widths.

scholarly journals Pemodelan Regresi Nonparametrik dengan Estimator Spline Truncated vs Deret Fourier

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
Andrea Tri Rian Dani ◽  
Narita Yuri Adrianingsih
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Series ◽  
Least Squares ◽  
Nonparametric Regression ◽  
Case Fatality Rate ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Predictor Variable ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Regression Modeling ◽  
Fatality Rate

ABSTRAKPendekatan regresi nonparametrik digunakan apabila hubungan antara variabel prediktor dan variabel respon tidak diketahui polanya. Spline truncated dan deret Fourier merupakan estimator dalam pendekatan nonparametrik yang terkenal, karena memiliki fleksibilitas yang tinggi dan mampu menyesuaikan terhadap sifat lokal data secara efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan estimator model regresi nonparametrik terbaik menggunakan spline truncated dan deret Fourier. Metode estimasi kurva regresi nonparametrik dilakukan dengan menyelesaikan optimasi Ordinary Least Squares (OLS). Kriteria kebaikan model menggunakan GCV, R2 dan MSE. Pemodelan regresi nonparametrik diterapkan pada data Case Fatality Rate (CFR) akibat Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) di Indonesia.  Berdasarkan hasil analisis, hasil estimasi dari pemodelan regresi nonparametrik menunjukkan bahwa estimator spline truncated memberikan performa yang lebih baik dibandingkan estimator deret Fourier. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan nilai R2 dari estimator spline truncated yaitu sebesar 91,80% dan MSE sebesar 0,04, sedangkan dengan estimator deret Fourier diperoleh nilai R2 sebesar 65,44% dan MSE sebesar 0,19.ABSTRACTThe nonparametric regression approach is used when the relationship between the predictor variable and the response variable is unknown. Spline truncated and Fourier series are well-known estimators in the nonparametric approach because they have high flexibility and are able to adjust to the local properties of the data effectively. This study aims to obtain the best nonparametric regression model estimator using the truncated spline and the Fourier series. The nonparametric regression curve estimation method is done by completing the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) optimization. The criteria for the goodness of the model use GCV, R2, and MSE. Nonparametric regression modeling is applied to Case Fatality Rate (CFR) modeling due to Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DBD) in Indonesia. Based on the analysis, the estimation results from the nonparametric regression modeling show that the truncated spline estimator provides better performance than the Fourier series estimator. This is shown by the R2 value of the truncated spline estimator which is 91.80% and the MSE is 0.04, while the Fourier series estimator obtained an R2 value of 65.44% and MSE of 0.19.

scholarly journals Estimation of the basic reproduction number of novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in Bangladesh: A 65-day outbreak data-driven analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Hasan ◽  
Akhtar Hossain ◽  
Wasimul Bari ◽  
Syed Shariful Islam
Keyword(s):  
Growth Model ◽  
Basic Reproduction Number ◽  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Reporting Rate ◽  
Basic Reproductive Number ◽  
Exponential Growth Model ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Basic Reproduction Number

Abstract BackgroundThe outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19), started from Wuhan, China, at the end of December 2019, hits almost the entire world. In Bangladesh, the first case was officially reported on March 8, 2020. We estimated the basic reproductive number, R0, of COVID-19 for Bangladesh using the first 65-day data of the outbreak.MethodsWith time-varying disease reporting rate, epidemic curves were estimated using the exponential growth model utilizing daily COVID-19 diagnosis data in Bangladesh from March 8 to May 11, 2020. We estimated R0 using the estimated intrinsic growth rate (γ). Serial intervals (SI) have been used from two well-known coronaviruses’ outbreaks, SARS and MERS; and the early estimate of SI of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China.ResultsThe COVID-19 epidemic in Bangladesh followed an exponential growth model. We found the R0 to be 1.84 [95% CI: 1.82–1.86], 1.82 [95% CI: 1.81–1.84], and 1.94 [95% CI: 1.92–1.96], for MERS, COVID-19, and SARS SI respectively without adjusting reporting rate. With the adjusted reporting rate, R0 reduced to 1.63 [95% CI: 1.62–1.65], 1.62 [95% CI: 1.61–1.64], and 1.71 [95% CI: 1.70–1.73] for a five-fold increase. Inverse association between the reporting rate and the basic reproduction number was observed.ConclusionThe R0 was found to be 1.87 for existing cases and was reduced to 1.65 for the five-fold increase of the early reporting rate. Findings suggest a continued COVID-19 outbreak in Bangladesh and immediate steps need to be taken to control.

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