Hygrothermal simulation on effective dehumidification methods in a museum storage room

Abstract The hygrothermal environment must be controlled in facilities like museums and galleries to suitably conserve the stored cultural artifacts. The present study proposes a humidity control technique for a museum storage room in Kyoto, Japan. This method requires limited energy and no large-scale equipment or major building renovation. The relative humidity of the room measured during the preliminary field survey exceeded the range for the conservation of metal artifacts (under 45%RH) throughout the year, and dehumidification was experimentally performed. The possible range of humidity control and the energy are quantitatively evaluated in the present study by simulating varied ways of operating a dehumidifier in combination with the improvement of the room’s property of being airtight. The results of the study indicated that simple building modifications and operational improvements could improve the storage environment. For instance, measures to ameliorate airtightness and sensing control along with the addition of small-scale equipment such as a home-use compressor-type dehumidifier can yield long-term low humidity suitable for the conservation of metal cultural artifacts. Such measures are also considered advantageous in terms of energy and labor consumption.

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Species Responses to Grazing and Environmental-Factors in an Arid Halophytic Shrubland Community

Australian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1071/bt9870135 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 135 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

RB Hacker

Keyword(s):

Environmental Factors ◽

Soil Salinity ◽

Large Scale ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Grazing Pressure ◽

Aerial Photographs ◽

Small Scale ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Species Responses

Species responses to grazing and environmental factors were studied in an arid halophytic shrubland community in Western Australia. The grazing responses of major shrub species were defined by using reciprocal averaging ordination of botanical data, interpreted in conjunction with a similar ordination of soil chemical properties and measures of soil erosion derived from large-scale aerial photographs. An apparent small-scale interaction between grazing and soil salinity was also defined. Long-term grazing pressure is apparently reduced on localised areas of high salinity. Environmental factors affecting species distribution are complex and appear to include soil salinity, soil cationic balance, geomorphological variation and the influence of cryptogamic crusts on seedling establishment.

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Topophilia, Placemaking, and Boundary Work

Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction ◽

10.1145/3492843 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 6 (GROUP) ◽

pp. 1-33

Author(s):

Janghee Cho ◽

Samuel Beck ◽

Stephen Voida

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Work Practice ◽

Small Scale ◽

Work From Home ◽

Humanistic Geography ◽

Working From Home ◽

Long Term Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic fundamentally changed the nature of work by shifting most in-person work to a predominantly remote modality as a way to limit the spread of the coronavirus. In the process, the shift to working-from-home rapidly forced the large-scale adoption of groupware technologies. Although prior empirical research examined the experience of working-from-home within small-scale groups and for targeted kinds of work, the pandemic provides HCI and CSCW researchers with an unprecedented opportunity to understand the psycho-social impacts of a universally mandated work-from-home experience rather than an autonomously chosen one. Drawing on boundary theory and a methodological approach grounded in humanistic geography, we conducted a qualitative analysis of Reddit data drawn from two work-from-home-related subreddits between March 2020 and January 2021. In this paper, we present a characterization of the challenges and solutions discussed within these online communities for adapting work to a hybrid or fully remote modality, managing reconfigured work-life boundaries, and reconstructing the home's sense of place to serve multiple, sometimes conflicting roles. We discuss how these findings suggest an emergent interplay among adapted work practice, reimagined physical (and virtual) spaces, and the establishment and continual re-negotiation of boundaries as a means for anticipating the long-term impact of COVID on future conceptualizations of productivity and work.

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Low-cost Large Scale Vermicompost Unit

Journal of Physics Conference Series ◽

10.1088/1742-6596/2115/1/012026 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2115 (1) ◽

pp. 012026

Author(s):

Sonam Solanki ◽

Gunendra Mahore

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Low Cost ◽

Small Scale ◽

Scale Production ◽

Key Innovation ◽

Main Challenge ◽

Long Run ◽

Large Scale Production ◽

Term Maintenance

Abstract In the current process of producing vermicompost on a large-scale, the main challenge is to keep the worms alive. This is achieved by maintaining temperature and moisture in their living medium. It is a difficult task to maintain these parameters throughout the process. Currently, this is achieved by building infrastructure but this method requires a large initial investment and long-run maintenance. Also, these methods are limited to small-scale production. For large-scale production, a unit is developed which utilises natural airflow with water and automation. The main aim of this unit is to provide favourable conditions to worms in large-scale production with very low investment and minimum maintenance in long term. The key innovation of this research is that the technology used in the unit should be practical and easy to adopt by small farmers. For long-term maintenance of the technology lesser number of parts are used.

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The role of plume-scale processes in long-term impacts of aircraft emissions

10.5194/acp-2019-498 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Thibaud M. Fritz ◽

Sebastian D. Eastham ◽

Raymond L. Speth ◽

Steven R. H. Barrett

Keyword(s):

Atmospheric Chemistry ◽

Large Scale ◽

Maximum Error ◽

Chemical Mechanism ◽

Ozone Production ◽

Lagrangian Model ◽

Small Scale ◽

Plume Model ◽

Soot Emissions

Abstract. Emissions from aircraft engines contribute to atmospheric NOx, driving changes in both the climate and in surface air quality. Existing atmospheric models typically assume instant dilution of emissions into large-scale grid cells, neglecting non-linear, small-scale processes occurring in aircraft wakes. They also do not explicitly simulate the formation of ice crystals, which could drive local chemical processing. This assumption may lead to errors in estimates of aircraft-attributable ozone production, and in turn to biased estimates of aviation’s current impacts on the atmosphere and the effect of future changes in emissions. This includes soot emissions, on which contrail ice forms. These emissions are expected to reduce as biofuel usage increases, but their chemical effects are not well captured by existing models. To address this problem, we develop a Lagrangian model which explicitly models the chemical and microphysical evolution of an aircraft plume. It includes a unified tropospheric-stratospheric chemical mechanism that incorporates heterogeneous chemistry on background and aircraft-induced aerosols. Microphysical processes are also simulated, including the formation, persistence, and chemical influence of contrails. The plume model is used to quantify how the long-term (24-hour) atmospheric chemical response to an aircraft plume varies in response to different environmental conditions, and engine characteristics, and fuel properties. We find that an instant dilution model consistently overestimates ozone production compared to the plume model, up to a maximum error of ~ 200 % at cruise altitudes. Instant dilution of emissions also underestimates the fraction of remaining NOx, although the magnitude and sign of the error vary with season, altitude, and latitude. We also quantify how changes in soot emissions affect plume behavior. Our results show that a 50 % reduction in black carbon emissions, as may be possible through blending with certain biofuels, leads to contrails which evaporate ~ 9 % faster and are 14 % optically thinner. The conversion of emitted NOx to HNO3 and N2O5 falls by 65 % and 69 % respectively, resulting in chemical feedbacks which are not resolved by instant-dilution approaches. The persistent discrepancies between results from the instant dilution approach and from the aircraft plume model demonstrate that a parametrization of effective emission indices should be incorporated into 3-D atmospheric chemistry transport models.

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Population signatures of large-scale, long-term disjunction and small-scale, short-term habitat fragmentation in an Afromontane forest bird

Heredity ◽

10.1038/hdy.2014.15 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 113 (3) ◽

pp. 205-214 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

J C Habel ◽

R K Mulwa ◽

F Gassert ◽

D Rödder ◽

W Ulrich ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Habitat Fragmentation ◽

Large Scale ◽

Small Scale ◽

Short Term ◽

Forest Bird ◽

Afromontane Forest

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Housing Pathways and Stratification: Some Evidence from a British National Survey

Journal of Social Policy ◽

10.1017/s0047279400013477 ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 147-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

O. Sullivan ◽

M. J. Murphy

Keyword(s):

Social Class ◽

Large Scale ◽

National Level ◽

Small Scale ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Housing Pathways ◽

Socio Economic Factors

AbstractFive principles determining movement in the housing market relating to tenure, social class and fertility status were suggested by Payne and Payne (1977) on the basis of a small-scale study in Aberdeen. Analysis of a large-scale nationally-representative survey containing full housing and maternity histories suggests that some of these principles require modification at the national level. For example, movement into and between tenures, although heavily influenced by demographic and socio-economic factors, is not as rigid as the Aberdeen study suggested. The interaction of social class, age at marriage and childbearing patterns is assessed. Finally, changes over time in these relationships and the long-term effects on final family size and tenure are discussed.

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Reply to “Comment on ‘Bias Correction, Quantile Mapping, and Downscaling: Revisiting the Inflation Issue’”

Journal of Climate ◽

10.1175/jcli-d-13-00307.1 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 27 (4) ◽

pp. 1821-1825 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Douglas Maraun

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Weather Forecasting ◽

Small Scale ◽

Quantile Mapping ◽

Spatiotemporal Structure ◽

Weather Forecasts ◽

Long Term Trends ◽

Climate Signals ◽

Local Variability

Abstract In his comment, G. Bürger criticizes the conclusion that inflation of trends by quantile mapping is an adverse effect. He assumes that the argument would be “based on the belief that long-term trends and along with them future climate signals are to be large scale.” His line of argument reverts to the so-called inflated regression. Here it is shown, by referring to previous critiques of inflation and standard literature in statistical modeling as well as weather forecasting, that inflation is built upon a wrong understanding of explained versus unexplained variability and prediction versus simulation. It is argued that a sound regression-based downscaling can in principle introduce systematic local variability in long-term trends, but inflation systematically deteriorates the representation of trends. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that inflation by construction deteriorates weather forecasts and is not able to correctly simulate small-scale spatiotemporal structure.

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From Small Scale, Short Term to Large Scale, Long Term: Integrating ‘Sustainability’ into Engineering Education

European Journal of Engineering Education ◽

10.1080/03043799608923423 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 353-386 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

S. M LEMKOWITZ ◽

B. H BIBO ◽

G. H LAMERIS ◽

J. A. B. A. F. BONNET

Keyword(s):

Engineering Education ◽

Large Scale ◽

Small Scale ◽

Short Term

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522 - Role of Physical Environment on Quality of Life among Older Adults with Dementia in Long-Term Care Facilities in Canada and Sweden: A Longitudinal Study

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610221002179 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 33 (S1) ◽

pp. 70-70

Author(s):

Sook Young Lee ◽

Lillian Hung ◽

Habib Chaudhury

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Older Adults ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Physical Environment ◽

Large Scale ◽

Institutional Setting ◽

Small Scale ◽

Term Care

Reduction in competence makes older adults with dementia more sensitive to the influence of the physical environment. The aim of the longitudinal study was to examine whether residents with dementia in long-term facilities with variability in physical environmental characteristics in Vancouver (N=11), Canada and Stockholm (N=13), Sweden had a difference in their quality of life (QoL). QoL was assessed using Dementia Care Mapping (DCM) tool three times over one year for the reliability of data. DCM is a technique and observational framework devised to systematically investigate QoL from the perspective of the older adults with dementia. The results of the study demonstrated that the residents with dementia living in a homelike and positive stimulating setting showed a higher level of potential positive engagement, and less agitated and withdrawn behaviors compared to those in the large-scale institutional setting. Residents living in a large-scale institutional setting in Canada showed so far as five times more agitated/distressed behaviors and twice more withdrawal compared to the ones living in a small-scale homelike setting in Sweden. The study supports that the large-scale institutional environment was considerably associated with levels of lower quality of life among the residents with dementia.

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Borderland Infrastructures

10.5117/9789463725606 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Alessandro Rippa

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Border Studies ◽

Small Scale ◽

Infrastructure Development ◽

State Investment ◽

State Subsidies ◽

Economic Zones ◽

Analytical Tools ◽

Transnational Trade

Across the Chinese borderlands, investments in large-scale transnational infrastructure such as roads and special economic zones have increased exponentially over the past two decades. Based on long-term ethnographic research, Borderland Infrastructures addresses a major contradiction at the heart of this fast-paced development: small-scale traders have lost their historic strategic advantages under the growth of massive Chinese state investment and are now struggling to keep their businesses afloat. Concurrently, local ethnic minorities have become the target of radical resettlement projects, securitization, and tourism initiatives, and have in many cases grown increasingly dependent on state subsidies. At the juncture of anthropological explorations of the state, border studies, and research on transnational trade and infrastructure development, Borderland Infrastructures provides new analytical tools to understand how state power is experienced, mediated, and enacted in Xinjiang and Yunnan. In the process, Rippa offers a rich and nuanced ethnography of life across China’s peripheries.

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