scholarly journals Managing Methods Development for the Production Assets of Thermal Power Plants in Conditions of Insufficient Statistical Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 2096 (1) ◽  
pp. 012114
Author(s):  
E M Lisin ◽  
A S Parshina ◽  
A A Vasilyeva
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Probabilistic Method ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Economic Criterion ◽  
Methods Development ◽  
Investment Resource

Abstract The paper is devoted to the proposal of a method for making managerial decisions on the replacement of production assets of TPPs in conditions of insufficient statistical data on failures and changes in the technical state of an equipment. It is proposed to use a probabilistic method to predict the period of replacement of production assets, based on the formation of a hypothesis about the law of distribution of equipment failures and its reaching the limit state, which determines the stock of possible operating time of a production asset. As an economic criterion for the period of replacement of a production asset, the use of an indicator of production profitability is considered, the advantage of which is the ability to make a decision to change equipment before the expiration of the life resource in the event of an unsatisfactory economic result of its operation, which is critical in solving the problem of ensuring the economic sustainability of TPPs. In the absence of an investment resource for the replacement of a production asset, it will be possible to recommend the conservation of an ineffective asset, which will minimize economic losses.

Composite Сarbonaceous Сoal-Water Suspensions

2021 ◽  
Vol 1045 ◽  
pp. 212-225
Author(s):  
Olena Svietkina ◽  
Kostiantyn Bas ◽  
Sergiy Boruk ◽  
Roman Klishchenko ◽  
Oleksandr Yehurnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Main Type ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Water Suspensions ◽  
Ash And Slag Waste ◽  
Slag Waste

In Ukraine, up to 75% of all electricity is supplied by thermal power plants, the main type of fuel for which is coal, which leads to the release of ash and slag waste at power plants in huge quantities. Every 10 years (according to statistical data) the amount of ash and slag produced at thermal power plants doubles. The use and creation of new modified consumers of coal-water fuel (CWF) and coal-water suspensions (CWS) occurs periodically. The ease of handling suspensions is captivating: in the energy sector, they can serve as the basis for the effective disposal of numerous accumulated wastes from coal preparation and oil refining, a significant reduction in the consumption of minerals for generating heat and electric energy, and minimizing the effect of heat power engineering on public health and the state of nature.

Incorporating Uncertainty into Probabilistic Performance Models of Concentrating Solar Power Plants

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford K. Ho ◽  
Gregory J. Kolb
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Probabilistic Method ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Cumulative Distribution ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Representative Sampling

A method for applying probabilistic models to concentrating solar-thermal power plants is described in this paper. The benefits of using probabilistic models include quantification of uncertainties inherent in the system and characterization of their impact on system performance and economics. Sensitivity studies using stepwise regression analysis can identify and rank the most important parameters and processes as a means to prioritize future research and activities. The probabilistic method begins with the identification of uncertain variables and the assignment of appropriate distributions for those variables. Those parameters are then sampled using a stratified method (Latin hypercube sampling) to ensure complete and representative sampling from each distribution. Models of performance, reliability, and cost are then simulated multiple times using the sampled set of parameters. The results yield a cumulative distribution function that can be used to quantify the probability of exceeding (or being less than) a particular value. Two examples, a simple cost model and a more detailed performance model of a hypothetical 100-MWe power tower, are provided to illustrate the methods.

scholarly journals Comparison of Cooling Systems in Power Plant Units

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 6365
Author(s):  
Alexander Genbach ◽  
Hristo Beloev ◽  
David Bondartsev
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Limit State ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Porous System ◽  
Porous Structures ◽  
Cooling Systems ◽  
Power Stations

A new porous system in power plants allowing the management of the crisis of heat exchange at boiling water in porous structures has been investigated. This study refers to the thermal power plants of electrical power stations and devices for cutting natural and artificial mineral media. Combustion chambers and supersonic nozzles were cooled by different porous structures. The optimum cell sizes of the porous structures were determined and data on the heat transfer capacity for the (critical) heat flow were obtained. A thermal device in the form of a rocket-type burner with a detonation jet showed high efficiency for capillary-porous and flow-through cooling systems. The economic effect per burner is not less than 200–300 dollars, and the coolant consumption is reduced by dozens of times, which is environmentally important. A comparative evaluation of the investigated structures and coatings has advantages over other cooling systems. The integration of mesh structures with capillary-porous coatings of natural mineral media produces a synergistic effect of combining them into a technology of their manufacturing, the expansion of critical loads removal and control of the limit state of the coatings.

scholarly journals An effective method for calculating the elements of thermal power plants, which are reduced to solving systems of partial differential equations

2020 ◽  
Vol 209 ◽  
pp. 03029
Author(s):  
Alexander Kler ◽  
Danil Apanovich ◽  
Alexey Maximov
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchanger ◽  
Partial Differential Equations ◽  
Differential Equations ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Complex Model ◽  
Thermal Power Plants ◽  
Partial Differential ◽  
Periodic Action

Calculations of dynamic processes in the elements of thermal power plants (TPP) (heat exchangers, combustion chambers, turbomachines, etc.) are necessary to justify permissible and optimal operating modes, the choice of design characteristics elements, assessing their reliability, etc. Such tasks are reduced to solving partial differential equations. At present time for such calculations are mainly used finite-difference method and finite element method. These methods are cumbersome and complex. The article proposes a method, the main idea of which is to reduce the solution of equations to solving linear programming problems (LP) is demonstrated by the example heat exchanger of periodic action. The mathematical description includes the following energy balance equations for gas and ceramics, respectively, on the plane, where - indicates the length of the heat exchanger, and - the operating time. Also provides a more complex model, taking into account the spread of heat inside the balls of the ceramic backfill.

THE ECONOMIC EFFECT OF USING THE NEW METHOD TO IMPLEMENT MEASURES TO REDUCE NOISE BY NOISE INSULATION AND ACOUSTIC BARRIER FOR GAS PIPELINES

Akustika ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Svetlana Kuzminova ◽  
Vladimir Tupov
Keyword(s):  
Noise Reduction ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Economic Effect ◽  
Gas Pipeline ◽  
New Method ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Gas Pipelines ◽  
Reduced Costs ◽  
The Cost

An important environmental problem is exceeding the current sanitary standards on the territory of thermal power plants (TPP) and in the surrounding residential area. One of the intense sources of noise at the TPP is the gas distribution points (GDP) and the gas pipeline after it. The noise at the exit of the GDP building and along the length of the gas pipeline can be 110 dBA. Effective methods of reducing noise from GDP and gas pipelines are the installation of acoustic barriers and the use of noise insulation materials. The most effective is a set of measures to reduce noise including the joint use of the barrier and noise insulation. The cost of noise reduction measures depends on many factor, including the type of materials, the thickness of the construction as well as the required amount of noise reduction. Earlier in the works of the authors, it was shown that when planning noise reduction measures, it is necessary to achieve equality of the specific reduced costs by using noise insulation and acoustic barriers. This will ensure minimal noise reduction costs. In this paper, the economic effect of using the new method is considered. A new formula is proposed for determining the economic losses in the case of inequality of the specific reduced costs for shielding and noise insulation. It is shown how the economic losses increase in the case of an increase in the ratio between the specific reduced costs of shielding and noise insulation.

CRACK RESISTANCE OF CENTRIFUGAL-CAST STEAM P I P E S MADE OF STEEL 1 5 K h l M l F

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Evgeny A. Grin ◽  
Tatyana V. Perevezentseva ◽  
Vardan A. Sarkisyan
Keyword(s):  
Crack Resistance ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Structural Heterogeneity ◽  
Cyclic Crack Resistance ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Static Crack Resistance ◽  
Static Crack

Significance of assessing the characteristics of crack resistance of centrifugal-cast (CFC) tubes made of steel 15KhlMlF is substantiated. The characteristic features of the metal under study are considered along with the methodology of crack resistance tests. Three modifications of the metal of the CFC pipes in the initial state, that differ in the degree of developed segregational heterogeneity, and two modifications of the metal with almost the same degree of structural heterogeneity, which differ in the running time as a part of the operating equipment are studied. It is shown that a decrease in the intensity of the segregational damage of the metal structure has almost no effect on the level of the strength characteristics, but is accompanied by an increase in the plastic properties and toughness of the metal. We present the results of studying crack resistance of centrifugal-cast pipes (steel 15KhlMlF) under static, cyclic and prolonged static loading in conditions of high-temperature creep. It is shown that an increase in the degree of structural heterogeneity of the CFC steel adversely affects the characteristics of static crack resistance and cyclic crack resistance as well, but to a far lesser extent and has little if any effect on the crack resistance of the CFC steel at creep. Cyclic crack resistance slightly decreases with increase of the operating time of the metal in functioning pipelines, whereas the characteristics of the prolonged static crack resistance get worse significantly. It is shown that welded joints of the CFC pipelines have a substantially lower crack resistance under creep conditions compared to the base metal. Statistical processing of the experimental data is used to get kinetic diagrams of cyclic and prolonged static crack resistance of 15X1M1F CFC-steel in creep conditions. The results of practical applications of the obtained crack resistance characteristics of the metal of the CFC pipes are demonstrated with a focus on the problems of ensuring the reliable operation of the steam pipelines of thermal power plants at the end of their service lifetime.

Incorporating Uncertainty Into Probabilistic Performance Models of Concentrating Solar Power Plants

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford K. Ho ◽  
Gregory J. Kolb
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Probabilistic Models ◽  
Cost Model ◽  
Probabilistic Method ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Latin Hypercube Sampling ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Cumulative Distribution ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Representative Sampling

A method for applying probabilistic models to concentrating solar thermal power plants is described in this paper. Benefits of using probabilistic models include quantification of uncertainties inherent in the system and characterization of their impact on system performance and economics. Sensitivity studies using stepwise regression analysis can identify and rank the most important parameters and processes as a means to prioritize future research and activities. The probabilistic method begins with the identification of uncertain variables and the assignment of appropriate distributions for those variables. Those parameters are then sampled using a stratified method (Latin Hypercube Sampling) to ensure complete and representative sampling from each distribution. Existing models of performance, reliability, and cost are then simulated multiple times using the sampled set of parameters. The results yield a cumulative distribution function that can be used to quantify the probability of exceeding (or being less than) a particular value. Two examples, a simple cost model and a more detailed performance model of a hypothetical 100 MWe power tower, are provided to illustrate the methods.

scholarly journals Neutralization with Simultaneously Separation of Aluminum Ions from Condensate Water through Cellulose Derivatives-Capillary Polypropylene Composite Membranes

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-305
Author(s):  
Ion Marius Nafliu ◽  
Alexandra Raluca Grosu (Miron) ◽  
Hussam Nadum Abdalraheem Al-Ani ◽  
Paul Constantin Albu ◽  
Gavril Gheorghievici ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Operating Time ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Hydroxyethyl Cellulose ◽  
Cellulose Derivatives ◽  
Ion Separation ◽  
Aluminum Ions ◽  
Working Parameters

Environmental problems that arise from acidic water containing aluminum generated from condensing thermal power plants can be suitably solved using membrane processes. In this paper, simultaneous neutralization with aluminum ion separation, from acidic waters containing aluminum traces, through permeation with polypropylene with inclusions of cellulose derivatives (PP / CellD)capillary composite membranes is approached. Cellulose derivatives considered are: acetylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl 2 hydroxyethyl cellulose. The optimum working parameters for the best performance of composite membrane based on carboxymethylcellulose were determined: operating time and pH of the receiving phase. Simultaneously with the quantitative removal of the aluminum ions, it is obtained an almost neutral pH purified water, compatible with the natural waters in which it can be dispersed.

scholarly journals Magnetostrictive Sensor for Blockage Detection in Pipes Subjected to High Temperatures

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto M. Pernía ◽  
Héctor Andrés Mayor ◽  
Miguel J. Prieto ◽  
Pedro J. Villegas ◽  
Fernando Nuño ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Heat Transfer Fluid ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Steam Generation ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Cost Effective Alternative ◽  
Magnetostrictive Sensor ◽  
And Storage

The use of solar thermal power plants is considered a cost-effective alternative to produce renewable energy. Unlike other energy installations, in this type of plants the transfer and storage of energy has been solved by using molten salts. These salts run between two tanks through the steam generation system that feeds the turbine. Although the use of salts as a heat transfer fluid is considered an adequate solution, they are not without problems. One of them is the formation of blockages in the pipes due to a partial solidification of the salt, which leads to the shutdown of the installation, with the consequent economic losses. Fast location of these blockages in a minimally intrusive way is the objective pursued in this work. The method to achieve this is based on the use of a new magnetostrictive sensor that simplifies previous designs.

A Review on Utilization of Fly- Ash and Pond-Ash as a Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete Mix Design

2018 ◽  
pp. 413-418
Author(s):  
Harshkumar Patel ◽  
Yogesh Patel
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Pond Ash ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Ash Disposal

Now-a-days energy planners are aiming to increase the use of renewable energy sources and nuclear to meet the electricity generation. But till now coal-based power plants are the major source of electricity generation. Disadvantages of coal-based thermal power plants is disposal problem of fly ash and pond ash. It was earlier considered as a total waste and environmental hazard thus its use was limited, but now its useful properties have been known as raw material for various application in construction field. Fly ash from the thermal plants is available in large quantities in fine and coarse form. Fine fly ash is used in construction industry in some amount and coarse fly ash is subsequently disposed over land in slurry forms. In India around 180 MT fly is produced and only around 45% of that is being utilized in different sectors. Balance fly ash is being disposed over land. It needs one acre of land for ash disposal to produce 1MW electricity from coal. Fly ash and pond ash utilization helps to reduce the consumption of natural resources. The fly ash became available in coal based thermal power station in the year 1930 in USA. For its gainful utilization, scientist started research activities and in the year 1937, R.E. Davis and his associates at university of California published research details on use of fly ash in cement concrete. This research had laid foundation for its specification, testing & usages. This study reports the potential use of pond-ash and fly-ash as cement in concrete mixes. In this present study of concrete produced using fly ash, pond ash and OPC 53 grade will be carried. An attempt will be made to investigate characteristics of OPC concrete with combined fly ash and pond ash mixed concrete for Compressive Strength test, Split Tensile Strength test, Flexural Strength test and Durability tests. This paper deals with the review of literature for fly-ash and pond-ash as partial replacement of cement in concrete.

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