scholarly journals Learning gamma-ray scanning technique through an educational simulation rig

2021 ◽  
Vol 2104 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
W Wibisono ◽  
S Sugiharto
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Radiation Detector ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Industrial Plant ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Water Pump ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Bottom Part ◽  
Scanning Technique

Abstract Gamma-ray scanning is non-destructive testing (NDT) technique to inspect problems in distillation columns of industrial plant. In order to familiarize with the problems’ identification and data interpretation, an attempt has been made by constructing an educational rig for simulation of gamma-ray scanning technique in a laboratory scale. The rig is made of cylindrical transparent acrylic material with a diameter and a height of 0.3 m and 2.4 m, respectively. The rig consists of artificial trays and packed bed structures designed in such a way that it represents a duplicate of the distillation unit but in a miniature size. The rig is also equipped with a submerged water pump and water tank which both are located at the bottom part of the rig. Water from the tank are circulated by a water pump through a pvc tube to a distributor at the upper part of the rig. In the rig, water is flowing downward gravitically for passing through packed bed and trays structures until terminated at the tank. The gamma-ray scanning experiment was carried out by moving the radiation detector and Cs-37 gamma-ray source simultaneously from top to bottom for every 5 cm moving step. Artificial problems such as flooding, tray positions, collapsed trays are clearly identified. The lesson learned from this experiment concludes that simulation of gamma ray scanning is very suitable for troubleshooting and diagnosing malfunctions of the internal structure of the distillation column.

scholarly journals Starburst galaxies strike back: a multi-messenger analysis with Fermi-LAT and IceCube data

2021 ◽  
Vol 503 (3) ◽  
pp. 4032-4049
Author(s):  
Antonio Ambrosone ◽  
Marco Chianese ◽  
Damiano F G Fiorillo ◽  
Antonio Marinelli ◽  
Gennaro Miele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Neutrino Flux ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Realistic Model ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Starburst Galaxies ◽  
Neutrino Factory ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Astrophysical Objects

ABSTRACT Starburst galaxies, which are known as ‘reservoirs’ of high-energy cosmic-rays, can represent an important high-energy neutrino ‘factory’ contributing to the diffuse neutrino flux observed by IceCube. In this paper, we revisit the constraints affecting the neutrino and gamma-ray hadronuclear emissions from this class of astrophysical objects. In particular, we go beyond the standard prototype-based approach leading to a simple power-law neutrino flux, and investigate a more realistic model based on a data-driven blending of spectral indexes, thereby capturing the observed changes in the properties of individual emitters. We then perform a multi-messenger analysis considering the extragalactic gamma-ray background (EGB) measured by Fermi-LAT and different IceCube data samples: the 7.5-yr high-energy starting events (HESE) and the 6-yr high-energy cascade data. Along with starburst galaxies, we take into account the contributions from blazars and radio galaxies as well as the secondary gamma-rays from electromagnetic cascades. Remarkably, we find that, differently from the highly-constrained prototype scenario, the spectral index blending allows starburst galaxies to account for up to $40{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ of the HESE events at $95.4{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ CL, while satisfying the limit on the non-blazar EGB component. Moreover, values of $\mathcal {O}(100\, \mathrm{PeV})$ for the maximal energy of accelerated cosmic-rays by supernovae remnants inside the starburst are disfavoured in our scenario. In broad terms, our analysis points out that a better modelling of astrophysical sources could alleviate the tension between neutrino and gamma-ray data interpretation.

scholarly journals Autonomous robotic fire detection and extinguishing system

2021 ◽  
Vol 2107 (1) ◽  
pp. 012060
Author(s):  
Nivennesh A/L Sathiabalan ◽  
Anis Farihin Mohamed Lokimi ◽  
Ong Zi Jin ◽  
Nur Syazwani Mohd Hasrin ◽  
Aini Syuhada Md Zain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Error ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Fire Detection ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Water Pump ◽  
Robot System ◽  
Fire Extinguishing ◽  
High Death Rate ◽  
High Death ◽  
Robot Body

Abstract Firefighting is a dangerous job with a high death rate. Robotics is the new way to protect the environment and human lives. This work proposes an autonomous robot system that can inevitably discover fire using the flame sensor and extinguish it. This project includes Arduino UNO, flame sensor, servo motor, motor driver, relay module, Bluetooth HC-06 module, and water pump. Besides, using the push Bluetooth app at the transmitting end, commands are sent to the receiver to control the robot’s movement. The motors are connected to the microcontroller and used to move the robot and sprinkle water on the fire. A water tank and a water pump are mounted on the robot body and automatically detected by the infrared. An ATMEGA328 series microcontroller controls the flame sensor and the whole operation. A motor driver IC, L298N, is interfaced to the microcontroller through which the controller drives the motors. As a result, the robot can detect fire from a distance. The average length for detecting flame is approximately 5.11cm, and Bluetooth transmission is about 300cm. It has the potential to reduce human error and limitations associated with fire extinguishing tasks.

Analysis of Thermal Energy Storage to a Combined Heat and Power Plant

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1313-1320
Author(s):  
Shahim Nisar
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Thermal Energy ◽  
Thermal Energy Storage ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Heat Storage ◽  
Packed Bed ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Latent Heat Storage ◽  
Storage Methods

Abstract: Thermal energy storage (TES) is a technology that stocks thermal energy by heating or cooling a storage medium so that the stored energy can be used at a later time for heating and cooling applications and power generation. TES systems are used particularly in buildings and in industrial processes. This paper is focused on TES technologies that provide a way of valorizing solar heat and reducing the energy demand of buildings. The principles of several energy storage methods and calculation of storage capacities are described. Sensible heat storage technologies, including water tank, underground and packed-bed storage methods, are briefly reviewed. Additionally, latent-heat storage systems associated with phase-change materials for use in solar heating/cooling of buildings, solar water heating, heat-pump systems, and concentrating solar power plants as well as thermo-chemical storage are discussed. Finally, cool thermal energy storage is also briefly reviewed and outstanding information on the performance and costs of TES systems are included.

COMPUTER‐ASSISTED ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES FOR REMOTE SENSING DATA INTERPRETATION

Geophysics ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 468-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Anuta
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Magnetic Data ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Visual Interpretation ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Interpretation Process ◽  
Assisted Analysis

The development of airborne and satellite multispectral scanning radiometers has created widespread interest in the application of such sensors to mapping of earth resources. The energy sensed in each band can be used as a parameter in a computer‐based, multidimensional‐pattern‐recognition process to aid in the interpretation of the nature of elements in the scene. Images from each band can also be interpreted visually. Visual interpretation of 5 or 10 multispectral images simultaneously becomes impractical, especially as the area studied increases; hence, great emphasis has been placed on machine (computer‐assisted) techniques in the interpretation process. A number of other data sets have recently been studied and integrated by digital registration with the multispectral reflectance and radiance phenomena. Topographic data, which have been registered with four‐band Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) data, are being studied to determine relationships between spectral and topographic variables. Geophysical variables. including gamma‐ray and magnetic data, have also been registered and studied using the multivariate analysis approach.

Deconvolution of gamma-ray spectra obtained with NAI(Tl) detector in a water tank

2009 ◽  
Vol 135 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. Rahman ◽  
G. Cho ◽  
B.-S. Kang
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Water Tank

Parametric Consideration of a Thermal Water Pump and Application for Agriculture

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jirawat Sitranon ◽  
Charoenporn Lertsatitthanakorn ◽  
Pichai Namprakai ◽  
Naris Prathinthong ◽  
Taveewat Suparos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Water ◽  
Cooling Water ◽  
Check Valve ◽  
Working Fluid ◽  
Electric Heater ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Vapor Flow ◽  
Pump Efficiency ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Water Pump

This research studied the effects of suction heads on the efficiency of a thermal water pump with steam. In order to save energy, the authors also studied the appropriate amount of air added to a steam working fluid. Cooling time was attempted to be shorten, direct contact cooling was employed. The system comprised feed water tank (FT), liquid piston tank (LT), heat tank (HT), storage tank (ST), well tank (WT), and check valve (CV). It was directly cooled by cooling water. Thermal energy input was supplied by an electric heater as a substitute of heat sources such as firewood. An operation of the pump consisted of five stages: heating, pumping, vapor-flow, cooling, and suction. In conclusion, increasing the suction head raised the pumping efficiency until the maximum was achieved. Using air in conjunction with the steam working fluid could lower the working temperature suitable for solar application. In addition, the simulation of a thermal pump with steam was merely presented. A good agreement between the test and the model was found. The larger pump size was selected to be constructed and tested in order to increase the pump efficiency. Agricultural application of the larger pump could obtain energy source from waste of firewood at no cost.

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