scholarly journals Distinguishing ecological outcomes of pathways in Grain for Green Program in the subtropical areas of China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sijing Qiu ◽  
Jian Peng
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Gross Primary Production ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Guizhou Province ◽  
Grain For Green ◽  
Grain For Green Program ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ◽  
Reforestation Program

Abstract Effective forestation policies are urgently required across the globe under the initiative of UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration. Rather than simply planting trees, such initiatives involve complex components of societal and biophysical systems. However, the underlying pathways by which forestation influences the ecological outcomes are not well understood, especially lacking a unified quantification framework. In this study, such a framework was developed to reveal the pathways in which reforestation programs influenced ecological outcomes through identifying the linkages among reforestation efforts, societal changes, land system changes, and ecological outcomes. The framework was applied in the reforestation program of Grain for Green Program (GFGP), to explore that how the GFGP influenced vegetation dynamics and ecosystem functioning in Guizhou Province of China through direct and indirect pathways. Two independent remote-sensing-based indicators: the enhanced vegetation index (EVI), derived from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and gross primary production (GPP), obtained from the Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) fine resolution dataset GOSIF, were combined with inventory data and land use maps to detect changes in social and ecological outcomes. Using the Structural Equation Model (SEM) to perform the framework, the results showed that the GFGP positively contributed to the increasing greenness and GPP of the study area through the direct conservation pathway. Although the implementation of GFGP encouraged outmigration and led to a decrease in farmland area, GFGP on greenness and GPP showed negative indirect effects because of the difficulty of reforestation during land-use conversion from farmland to forest land. This study revealed divergent impacts of the reforestation program through multiple pathways, which could provide valuable information for other parts of the globe to design ecological restoration policies more precisely.

scholarly journals Analyzing Bio-Geo-Chemical Factors in Relation to Land Use Trends on Basalt Terrain in Dong Nai and Nearby Areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dang Kinh Bac ◽  
Dang Van Bao
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Land Use Management ◽  
Protected Forests ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Land Use Policies ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Remote Sensing Indices

Basalt terrain is widely distributed in the Central Highlands and Southeast of Vietnam. Currently, land use policies on basalt types are not really suitable, affecting economic growth and creating negative impacts on the environment, especially soil and water pollution. This study carried out the assessment of bio-geochemical conditions in three types of basalt terrain, using 16 remote sensing indices. The relationship between these indices is analyzed based on correlation matrix and structural equation model (SEM). The results show different land use management trends across the three basalt types. The results encourage the land-use management to (i) expand and maintain the protected forests on Miocene basalt; (ii) develop agriculture on the Pliocene - Pleistocene basalt terrain; and (iii) improve soil quality and ecotourism on late Pleistocene basalt terrain.

scholarly journals LULUCF Including - Excluding Emissions and Health Expenditures Path and Panel Data Analysis of Solution Result Relationship Example of G7 Countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zişan Yardım Kılıçkan ◽  
Rıdvan Karacan
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Health Expenditures ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Total Emission ◽  
G7 Countries

<p>Traditional production is carried out using fossil fuels. In recent years, the destructive effects of fossil fuel elimination especially on human health and the environment became prominent. This effect leads to an increase in health expenditures (HE), and health problems that are severe and require long term therapies. To counter this problem, some countries have taken some measures to mini the effects of fossil fuels. One of these measures is called “Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry” or LULUCF for short. LULUCF aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere by natural means that are cheap. In this regard, this paper aims to analyze the effects of harmful gases of total emissions in terms of health expenditures both including LULUCF (LI) and excluding LULUCF (LE). Panel data methodology and SPSS Path (Structural Equation) Model were used and cover G7 countries between 1990 and 2016. It was found that there is no linear relationship between LE and HE and LI has no effect on HE. Path analysis showed a negative correlation between LI total emission and SH and a positive correlation between LE total emission and HE.</p>

scholarly journals LULUCF Including - Excluding Emissions and Health Expenditures Path and Panel Data Analysis of Solution Result Relationship Example of G7 Countries

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zişan Yardım Kılıçkan ◽  
Rıdvan Karacan
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Health Expenditures ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Total Emission ◽  
G7 Countries

<p>Traditional production is carried out using fossil fuels. In recent years, the destructive effects of fossil fuel elimination especially on human health and the environment became prominent. This effect leads to an increase in health expenditures (HE), and health problems that are severe and require long term therapies. To counter this problem, some countries have taken some measures to mini the effects of fossil fuels. One of these measures is called “Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry” or LULUCF for short. LULUCF aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere by natural means that are cheap. In this regard, this paper aims to analyze the effects of harmful gases of total emissions in terms of health expenditures both including LULUCF (LI) and excluding LULUCF (LE). Panel data methodology and SPSS Path (Structural Equation) Model were used and cover G7 countries between 1990 and 2016. It was found that there is no linear relationship between LE and HE and LI has no effect on HE. Path analysis showed a negative correlation between LI total emission and SH and a positive correlation between LE total emission and HE.</p>

scholarly journals The Grain for Green Program Intensifies Trade-Offs between Ecosystem Services in Midwestern Shanxi, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 3966
Author(s):  
Baoan Hu ◽  
Zhijie Zhang ◽  
Hairong Han ◽  
Zuzheng Li ◽  
Xiaoqin Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Ecological Engineering ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Grain For Green ◽  
Grain For Green Program ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Impact

Ecological engineering is a widely used strategy to address environmental degradation and enhance human well-being. A quantitative assessment of the impacts of ecological engineering on ecosystem services (ESs) is a prerequisite for designing inclusive and sustainable engineering programs. In order to strengthen national ecological security, the Chinese government has implemented the world’s largest ecological project since 1999, the Grain for Green Program (GFGP). We used a professional model to evaluate the key ESs in Lvliang City. Scenario analysis was used to quantify the contribution of the GFGP to changes in ESs and the impacts of trade-offs/synergy. We used spatial regression to identify the main drivers of ES trade-offs. We found that: (1) From 2000 to 2018, the contribution rates of the GFGP to changes in carbon storage (CS), habitat quality (HQ), water yield (WY), and soil conservation (SC) were 140.92%, 155.59%, −454.48%, and 92.96%, respectively. GFGP compensated for the negative impacts of external environmental pressure on CS and HQ, and significantly improved CS, HQ, and SC, but at the expense of WY. (2) The GFGP promotes the synergistic development of CS, HQ, and SC, and also intensifies the trade-off relationships between WY and CS, WY and HQ, and WY and SC. (3) Land use change and urbanization are significantly positively correlated with the WY–CS, WY–HQ, and WY–SC trade-offs, while increases in NDVI helped alleviate these trade-offs. (4) Geographically weighted regression explained 90.8%, 94.2%, and 88.2% of the WY–CS, WY–HQ, and WY–SC trade-offs, respectively. We suggest that the ESs’ benefits from the GFGP can be maximized by controlling the intensity of land use change, optimizing the development of urbanization, and improving the effectiveness of afforestation. This general method of quantifying the impact of ecological engineering on ESs can act as a reference for future ecological restoration plans and decision-making in China and across the world.

scholarly journals Framework for Mapping Integrated Crop-Livestock Systems in Mato Grosso, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor Manabe ◽  
Marcio Melo ◽  
Jansle Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Moderate Resolution ◽  
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ◽  
Dynamic Time

Integrated crop-livestock (ICL) systems combine livestock and crop production in the same area, increasing the efficiency of land use and machinery, while mitigating greenhouse gas emissions, and reducing production risks, plant diseases and pests. ICL systems are primarily divided into annual (ICLa) and multi-annual (ICLm) systems. Projects such as the “Integrated crop-livestock-forest Network” and the “Livestock Rally” have estimated the ICL areas for Brazil on a state or regional basis. However, it remains necessary to create methods for spatial identification of ICL areas. Thus, we developed a framework for mapping ICL areas in Mato Grosso, Brazil using the Enhanced Vegetation Index time-series of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and a Time-Weighted Dynamic Time Warping (TWDTW) classification method. The classification of ICL areas occurred in three phases. Phase 1 corresponded to the classification of land use from 2008 to 2016. In Phase 2, the ICLa areas were identified. Finally, Phase 3 corresponded to the ICLm identification. The framework showed overall accuracies of 86% and 92% for ICL areas. ICLm accounted for 87% of the ICL areas. Considering only agricultural areas or only pasture areas, ICL systems represented 5% and 15%, respectively.

Land use types influence soil microbial community through effects on soil properties in the dry-hot valley region in southwestern China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taicong Liu ◽  
Li Rong ◽  
Xingwu Duan ◽  
Zhe Chen
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Microbial Community ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Model ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Soil Microbial

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Abstract&lt;/strong&gt;: Land use is one of the most important forms in agricultural production. Non-appropriate land use can cause deterioration of physical, chemical and biological properties of soil, thus affecting sustainable agriculture. Earlier reports showed that land use drastically altered microbial community composition. However, the mechanism of land use on microbial communities is still not fully understood. In the present study, we focus on the dry hot valley, characterized by high temperature and low humility, to test whether soil properties from four primary land uses including the land conversion from farmland (SLC), sugarcane land (SL), maize land with conventional tillage (CT) and bare land (BL) have different influences on soil microbial communities. The results showed that land uses altered bacterial and fungal community composition. In SL and BL, we found the respective absence of a kind of fungi at phylum the level. The abundances of several bacterial phyla in SL such as Gemmatimonadets and Acidobacteria associated with promoting mineralization were higher than that in other land uses. RDA indicated that bacterial communities were influenced by soil total nitrogen, total organic carbon and available potassium contents, and fungal communities were dominated by available potassium contents. SEM (structural equation model) showed that land use has direct and indirect effects on bacterial composition, while only indirect effects on fungal by land use. Land use indirectly affected bacterial composition through effects on soil moisture, clay and available potassium contents, whereas through effects on clay and available potassium for fungal composition. Land use exhibited greater impacts on bacterial composition than fungal composition, implying bacteria was more sensitive to land use changes compared to fungi in the dry-hot valley. Considering the low level of total potassium in soil under SL and CT, elevated potassium fertilizer would be a beneficial pathway to improve soil microbial composition and soil nutrients in the dry hot valley.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key word&lt;/strong&gt;: Land use, Soil microbial community, Dry-hot valley, Soil properties, Structural equation model.&lt;/p&gt;

The effects of China’s Grain for Green program on migration and remittance

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Claudio O. Delang
Keyword(s):  
Land Ownership ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Grain For Green ◽  
Chongqing Municipality ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Grain For Green Program ◽  
The World ◽  
Household Members ◽  
Reforestation Program ◽  
Household Incomes

<p>The Grain for Green (GfG) is the largest reforestation program of the world. It involved payments to farmers to convert their marginal farmland. Many farmers decided to migrate. This paper looks at some of the household features associated with migration by GfG-participants, and the importance of remittances to those who remained behind. Fieldwork for this research was carried out in Pengshui County in Chongqing Municipality. Several variables affect migration, including education, land ownership and household size. For most households, remittances consist of over 90 percent of all household incomes, but the amount remitted tends to level off when it reaches a certain size, regardless of the number of household members who migrated.</p>

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