Potential Health Risks of Heavy Metal Contents in Bottled Water from Lagos State and Its Environs, Nigeria

Heavy metals naturally are non-biodegradable constituents of the earth’s crust that accumulate and persist indefinitely in the ecosystem as a result of both human and natural activities. Their contamination of vegetables remains an issue of public health interest due to the frequency, and quantity of consumption. The over exposure to these heavy metals continues to pose serious health threat globally. This study was aimed to assess the heavy metal contents of staple vegetables [Telfairia occidentalis, Amaranthus hybridus and Ocimum gratissimum] within Enugu metropolis; the leaves were screened for heavy metals [Arsenic As, Lead Pb, Cadmium Cd, Nickel Ni, Chromium Cr and Cobalt Co], by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Results (Mean±SD, mgkg-1 ) showed that Amaranthus hybridus: contained [Pb-0.109±0.350, Cr -0.161±0.004]; Ocimum gratissimum: [Ni-0.179±0.028, Cd-0.033±0.006, Cr-0.176±0.036], and Telfairia occidentalis: [Pb-0.153±0.139, Co-0.198±0.148]; of which some values were slightly above WHO/FAO standards. Although, the estimated daily intakes (EDIs) were below referenced tolerable daily intakes (TDIs). The hazard quotients (HQs) were below 1 (HQ<1), but As and Cd, were exceptions; while the hazard index (HI) values were all above 1 (HI>1). The slightly above standard references of some of these heavy metals, and HI>1 values in this study are a concern, as potential health risks may arise amidst the population over a period of time, therefore, there is need to eliminate the likely sources of the latent contamination.

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Heavy metal contents, soil-to-plant transfer factors, and associated health risks in vegetables grown in western Iran

Journal of Food Composition and Analysis ◽

10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104316 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 104316

Author(s):

Mohsen Jalali ◽

Amir Meyari

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Health Risks ◽

Transfer Factors ◽

Western Iran ◽

Metal Contents ◽

Plant Transfer

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Heavy Metal Dietary Intake and Potential Health Risks for University Hostel Students

Biological Trace Element Research ◽

10.1007/s12011-015-0451-z ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 170 (1) ◽

pp. 65-74 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Abdel-Rahim H. A. Hassan ◽

Mohamed M. A. Zeinhom ◽

Mariam A. Abdel-Wahab ◽

Mona H. Tolba

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Health Risks ◽

Potential Health

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Heavy metal concentrations in sediments and Cyprinus carpio from Maqalika Reservoir –Maseru, Lesotho: An analysis of potential health risks to Fish consumers

Toxicology Reports ◽

10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.03.005 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 475-479

Author(s):

Patrick Gwimbi ◽

Ts’alikoe Kotelo ◽

Masepele Jenette Selimo

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Health Risks ◽

Cyprinus Carpio ◽

Potential Health ◽

Metal Concentrations ◽

Heavy Metal Concentrations

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Heavy Metal Contamination in Rice-Producing Soils of Hunan Province, China and Potential Health Risks

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph121215005 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (12) ◽

pp. 15584-15593 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

Fanfu Zeng ◽

Wei Wei ◽

Mansha Li ◽

Ruixue Huang ◽

Fei Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Health Risks ◽

Metal Contamination ◽

Heavy Metal Contamination ◽

Hunan Province ◽

Potential Health

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Antioxidants, Microbial Load and Heavy Metal Contents of Some Sachet Tomato Paste Obtained in Lagos State, Nigeria

Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management ◽

10.4314/jasem.v25i4.23 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 631-636

Author(s):

O.O. Eleyowo ◽

O.D. Amusa

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Microbial Load ◽

Tomato Paste ◽

Consumer Safety ◽

First Choice ◽

Metal Contents ◽

Lagos State ◽

Tomato Products ◽

Β Carotene

Tomato paste is fast becoming first choice for many homes in cooking while meeting up with their busy schedules in a cosmopolitan city like Lagos State, Nigeria. The study was aimed at evaluating the antioxidant contents, microbial load and heavy metal contents of both unprocessed and processed tomato products. β-carotene, lycopene and vitamin C contents were analysed accordingly on selected sachet tomato paste. Microbial colony counts were done using both nutrient agar and potatoes dextrose agar. Heavy metals from sampled tomato products were done using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The study observed β-carotene ranged between 0.02 – 0.52 mg/g, lycopene ranged between 0.12 – 0.56 mg/g and vitamin C contents of ranged between 12.50 – 75.0 mg/mL. These were more than WHO/FAO and FEPA recommendations. All tomatoes samples showed microbial load higher than limits allowable. Bacillus sp., Salmonella sp., Aspergillus sp. were predominantly isolated from sampled processed tomato products. Cadmium contents were above the permissive limit in some of the tomato paste products. Copper, zinc, lead, nickel, chromium and iron were not detected in all samples evaluated. The study showed few processed tomato products were safe for consumption. Hence, monitoring by regulatory agencies for consumer safety regulations is highly recommended on processed tomato producers.

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Investigation of Heavy Metal Hazards Status and Their Potential Health Risks in Vegetables Irrigated with Treated Wastewater in Oodi Gardens

Emerging Trends in Chemical Sciences ◽

10.1007/978-3-319-60408-4_5 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 57-67 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bonno Sekwati-Monang ◽

Kabelo Gilbert Gaboutloeloe ◽

Sello Alfred Likuku

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metal ◽

Health Risks ◽

Treated Wastewater ◽

Potential Health

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Potential Human Health Risks Assessment through Determination of Heavy Metal Contents in Regularly Consumed Yogurts in Bangladesh

Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia ◽

10.13005/bbra/2944 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 603-610

Author(s):

GMM Anwarul Hasan ◽

Mohammed A. Satter ◽

Anuj Kumer Das

Keyword(s):

Heavy Metals ◽

Heavy Metal ◽

Health Risks ◽

Hazard Quotient ◽

Daily Intake ◽

Carcinogenic Risk ◽

Target Hazard Quotient ◽

Metal Contents ◽

Health Risks Assessment ◽

Risks Assessment

This study estimated the concentrations of heavy metals in regularly consumed sour, sweet and homemade traditional yogurts in Bangladesh. A total of 300 yogurt samples (sour, sweet and homemade traditional); 100 yogurt samples of each category were considered for this assay. To assess the health risks, the daily yogurt consumption rate and the value of target carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of these yogurt samples were also determined. In sour yogurt samples, detected heavy metal contents were 0.398±0.121 mg/kg, 0.774±0.372 mg/kg, 0.087±0.021 mg/kg, 0.131±0.026 mg/kg, 0.011±0.006 mg/kg, 0.031±0.005 mg/kg, 0.445±0.267 mg/kg and 0.029±0.024 mg/kg while in sweet yogurt samples, detected heavy metal contents were 0.410±0.146 mg/kg, 0.704±0.324 mg/kg, 0.082±0.028 mg/kg, 0.146±0.025 mg/kg, 0.010±0.005 mg/kg, 0.030±0.007 mg/kg, 0.460±0.265 mg/kg, and 0.035±0.026 mg/kg and in homemade traditional yogurt samples, detected heavy metal contents were 0.410±0.147 mg/kg, 1.502±0.367 mg/kg, 0.085±0.020 mg/kg, 0.120±0.024 mg/kg, 0.011±0.005 mg/kg, 0.020±0.005 mg/kg, 0.251±0.174 mg/kg and 0.025±0.021 mg/Kg for Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr) and Arsenic (As) respectively. Among the analyzed heavy metals, highest concentration of Cu and lowest concentration of Pb was detected in all yogurt types. The values of estimated daily intake (EDI), Target hazard quotient (THQ), Total THQ (TTHQ) and Target Carcinogenic risk (TCR) confirmed that, there have no chances of any kind of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks from these yogurt samples.

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Estrogenic activity, selected plasticizers and potential health risks associated with bottled water in South Africa

Journal of Water and Health ◽

10.2166/wh.2018.043 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 253-262 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Natalie H. Aneck-Hahn ◽

Magdalena C. Van Zijl ◽

Pieter Swart ◽

Barry Truebody ◽

Bettina Genthe ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Health Risks ◽

Water Consumption ◽

Estrogenic Activity ◽

Solid Phase ◽

Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals ◽

Bottled Water ◽

Potential Health ◽

Gene Assay ◽

17Β Estradiol

Abstract Potential endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are present in bottled water from various countries. In South Africa (SA), increased bottled water consumption and concomitant increases in plastic packaging create important consequences for public health. This study aimed to screen SA bottled water for estrogenic activity, selected target chemicals and assessing potential health risks. Ten bottled water brands were exposed to 20 °C and 40 °C over 10 days. Estrogenic activity was assessed using the recombinant yeast estrogen screen (YES) and the T47D-KBluc reporter gene assay. Solid phase extracts of samples were analyzed for bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate (DEHA), selected phthalates, bisphenol-A (BPA), 4-nonylphenol (4-NP), 17β-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1), and ethynylestradiol (EE2) using gas chromatography–mass spectrophotometry. Using a scenario-based health risk assessment, human health risks associated with bottled water consumption were evaluated. Estrogenic activity was detected at 20 °C (n = 2) and at 40 °C (n = 8). Estradiol equivalent (EEq) values ranged from 0.001 to 0.003 ng/L. BPA concentrations ranged from 0.9 ng/L to 10.06 ng/L. Although EEqs and BPA concentrations were higher in bottled water stored at 40 °C compared to 20 °C, samples posed an acceptable risk for a lifetime of exposure. Irrespective of temperature, bottled water from SA contained chemicals with acceptable health risks.

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