Response of kale (Brassica alboglabra L.) to various planting media and application of liquid inorganic nutrition in DWC (deep water culture) hydroponic systems

Baby spinach (Spinacia oleracea) was grown in a bench-scale deep-water culture (DWC) system in expanded polystyrene (EPS) plug trays. Two experiments were performed. In the first, different seeding patterns, [1-2-1-2…] or [3-0-3-0…] seeds per sequential cell, at the same overall density per tray, were compared to evaluate the potential of an EPS tray designed with fewer cells, but sown with more seeds per cell (to preserve canopy density). Using such a flat would lower growing substrate requirements. Seeding in the [3-0-3-0…] pattern reduced seed germination, but only by 5%. Harvested fresh weight was also less numerically in the [3-0-3-0…] pattern but not statistically. The second experiment observed cultivars Carmel, Seaside and Space grown concurrently. Carmel had the highest germination, nearly 100%, which was significantly greater than Seaside but not Space. Germination for Space was not significantly different from that of Seaside. Carmel also had the highest harvested fresh weight but was not significantly different from Space; both Carmel and Space produced significantly more harvested fresh weight than Seaside.

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IMPROVEMENT OF HYDROPON INSTALLATIONS

ENGINEERING, ENERGY, TRANSPORT AIC ◽

10.37128/2520-6168-2021-4-13 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 119-127

Author(s):

Ivan Sevostianov ◽

Oleksandr Melnik

Keyword(s):

Deep Water ◽

Drainage System ◽

Static Solution ◽

Solution Culture ◽

Culture Solution ◽

Water Culture ◽

Small Areas ◽

Air Supply ◽

Fresh Vegetables ◽

Water Nutrients

Hydroponics is a promising area of development of modern agriculture, which provides long-term cultivation of basic vegetables and greenery in small areas with minimal consumption of water and fertilizers. This technology allows you to get a fairly large harvest of fresh vegetables within large cities, including office and residential premises. Entrepreneurs and researchers are paying close attention to developing more efficient hydroponics methods and equipment to implement them in order to reduce usable space, save water, nutrients and increase air supply and plant capacity. Several hydroponics systems are known: static solution culture, continuous flow solution (NFT) culture, deep water culture, passive irrigation, underwater and drainage irrigation systems, wastewater drainage system, deep-water fertilized culture, rotary system, aeroponics, wick system. The first three of the above methods were used commercially and industrially. The system of static culture solution does not provide the necessary saturation of plant roots with air. With the implementation of the method of continuous solution culture, minor buffering is possible due to interruptions in the flow (power outage), flooding of water in some canals, in addition, there are restrictions on the maximum length of canals (12 - 15 m). The system of deep-water culture on an industrial scale is used mainly for growing lettuce. Other mentioned systems are not efficient enough in terms of commercial use. The improved hydroponic installations presented in the article were developed taking into account the following requirements: universality of use (possibility of growing different types of plants); harmonization of optimal supply of crops with water, nutrients, light and air; maximum use of space; increasing the area for each plant and maintaining its stems and shoots. Also in the article the equation for definition of the basic parameters of the developed installations is given.

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A Study of the Effectiveness of Hydroponic Growing Variables on Lactuca sativa var. capitata

Journal of Student Research ◽

10.47611/jsrhs.v10i2.1506 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Jacob Zajkowski ◽

Whitney Short

Keyword(s):

Deep Water ◽

Lactuca Sativa ◽

Nutrient Concentration ◽

Growth Efficiency ◽

Nutrient Concentrations ◽

Small Scale ◽

Controlled Environment ◽

Water Culture ◽

Future Studies ◽

System Variables

Hydroponic growing in controlled environment horticulture has been an increasingly used method of produce production around the world. Its many methods integrate sustainability and growth efficiency through the control of climatic and system variables. This study investigated control variables that would produce and market a more effective lettuce (lactuca sativa. var capitata) crop. Three objectives determined: The comparison between the dimensions of deep water culture systems and the lettuce harvesting length, Consumer and ICP spectrometry recognition of different post-harvest hydroponic nutrient concentration, and the preference of lettuce grown in different hydroponic nutrient concentrations. Through growing trials and consumer tests, it was found that the 14 gallon (102 x 50.8 x 66cm) size deep water culture system also produced lettuce with larger harvest-length; spectrometry recognition of lettuce crops grown in different nutrient levels was effective with 7 of the 12 nutrients elements showing sufficient results of concentration in concentrated lettuce. Consumer identification recognition wasn’t successful with 40% of consumers unable to recognize any nutrient concentration level compared to two other varieties. Representing a diverse market audience, of consumers determined that variety 127 (50% regular concentration) was preferred as significant market influence of purchase. This research will impact future studies in effective small scale hydroponic growing and growers looking to expand knowledge of beneficial growth.

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Selection of Heat Tolerant Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Cultivars Grown in Deep Water Culture and Their Marketability

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae5030050 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 50 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sydney C. Holmes ◽

Daniel E. Wells ◽

Jeremy M. Pickens ◽

Joseph M. Kemble

Keyword(s):

Monte Carlo ◽

Deep Water ◽

Strongly Correlated ◽

Warm Climate ◽

Cool Season ◽

Water Culture ◽

Excessive Heat ◽

Lactuca Sativa L ◽

Protective Structures ◽

Selection Of

Lettuce is a cool season vegetable often produced in greenhouses and other protective structures to meet market demands. Greenhouses are being increasingly adopted in warm climate zones where excessive heat often leads to physiological disorders of lettuce, such as tipburn and premature bolting. Greenhouse lettuce growers in warm climates need cultivar recommendations that can help improve production without ignoring marketability. In the current study, eighteen lettuce cultivars were grown in deep water culture and evaluated for growth, bolting, and tipburn in a greenhouse in Auburn, AL, starting on 30 June and 19 August 2016. Based on the severity of bolting and tipburn, nine cultivars were then selected and evaluated on 17 November 2016 for sensory attributes and marketability by 50 untrained consumer panelists. Cultivars ‘Adriana’, ‘Aerostar’, ‘Monte Carlo’, ‘Nevada’, ‘Parris Island’, ‘Salvius’, ‘Skyphos’, and ‘Sparx’ were selected as having higher heat tolerance than cultivars ‘Bambi’, ‘Buttercrunch’ ‘Coastal Star’, ‘Flashy Trout Back’, ‘Green Forest’, ‘Green Towers’, ‘Jericho’, ‘Magenta’, and ‘Truchas’. Higher crispness, lower bitterness, higher overall texture, and higher overall flavor each correlated to higher marketability, regardless of cultivar, but the strongest predictor of marketability was overall flavor. Overall flavor and overall texture were more strongly correlated to marketability than bitterness and crispness, respectively, suggesting that broader sensory categories may better capture human sensory perceptions of lettuce than narrower categories. Cultivars ‘Aerostar’, ‘Monte Carlo’, ‘Nevada’, ‘Parris Island’, ‘Rex’, ‘Salvius’, and ‘Sparx’ performed well in a hot greenhouse and were preferred by consumers. This step-wise experiment could be an adaptable tool for determining highest performing cultivars under any given production constraint, without ignoring marketability.

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A development of an automatic microcontroller system for Deep Water Culture (DWC)

2013 IEEE 9th International Colloquium on Signal Processing and its Applications ◽

10.1109/cspa.2013.6530066 ◽

2013 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

M. F. Saaid ◽

N. A. M. Yahya ◽

M. Z. H. Noor ◽

M. S. A. M. Ali

Keyword(s):

Deep Water ◽

Water Culture

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A Study of Oxygenation Techniques and the Chlorophyll Responses of Pelargonium tomentosum Grown in Deep Water Culture Hydroponics

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci11707-16 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 (7) ◽

pp. 952-957 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Joshua D. Butcher ◽

Charles P. Laubscher ◽

Johannes C. Coetzee

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Deep Water ◽

High Frequency ◽

Western Cape ◽

Plant Leaves ◽

Volatile Oils ◽

Industry Studies ◽

Water Culture ◽

High Frequency Application

Pelargonium tomentosum Jacq.; the peppermint-scented pelargonium, is an herbaceous groundcover indigenous to the Western Cape of South Africa. Volatile oils are produced by this plant, which are used in the fragrance industry. Studies on other Pelargonium species have shown chlorophyll content may affect the yield of essential oils. This study was carried out to investigate the viability of growing P. tomentosum in deep water culture (DWC) hydroponics and how best to aerate/oxygenate the nutrient solution to increase the chlorophyll content within leaves. The experiment was conducted over a period of 74 days, 16 different methods of oxygenation were applied to 9 replicates. The control had passive aeration; the treatments were made up of air-pumps, vortex oxygenators, and the application of hydrogen peroxide at various frequency intervals; these were combined with each other and run as separate oxygenation methods. The measurement of the chlorophyll content of plant leaves has been established to be an accurate way of establishing vigor, health, and levels of stress. It was found that the combination of high-frequency application (every third day) of hydrogen peroxide, vortex oxygenation, and air-pump injection (both operational for 24 hours/day) which formed treatment 11 (APVHa), yielded the highest production of chlorophyll within all the replicates differing significantly (P ≤ 0.001) from the control and other treatments.

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ELABORATION OF IMPROVED HYDROPONIC INSTALLATIONS

Vibrations in engineering and technology ◽

10.37128/2306-8744-2021-1-7 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 66-75

Author(s):

Ivan Sevostyanov ◽

Oleksandr Melnik

Keyword(s):

Deep Water ◽

Continuous Flow ◽

Growth Period ◽

Static Solution ◽

Solution Culture ◽

Water Culture ◽

Small Areas ◽

Flow Solution ◽

Fresh Vegetables ◽

Water Nutrients

Hydroponics is a perspective direction of development of modern agriculture that provides perennial growing of main species of vegetables and greenery on small areas and with minimal expenses of water and fertilizers. This technology allows to get large enough harvests of fresh vegetables in big cities including office and living premises. Last time entrepreneurs and inventors pay a lot of attention for elaboration of more effective methods of hydroponics and equipment for their realization in direction of decrease of using areas, economy of water, nutrients and increase of air supply and plants capacity. There are several known methods of hydroponics: static solution culture, continuous-flow solution culture (NFT), deep water culture, passive sub-irrigation, flood and drain sub-irrigation, run-to-waste system, top-fed deep water culture, rotary system, aeroponics, fogponics. Commercial and industrial use got the first three from above mentioned methods. Herewith the method of static solution culture does not provide of necessary saturation of plant’s roots with air. Under realization of the method of continuous-flow solution culture are possible little buffering against interruptions in the flow (power outages), water logging in some channels, besides there are limitations for maximal length of channels (12 – 15 m). The method of deep water culture in industrial scales is used mainly for growing of lettuce. The other mentioned methods are not enough effective from point of view of commercial utilization. The improved hydroponic installations, presented in the article, were elaborated with consideration of such demands: versatility of use (a possibility of growing of various species of plants); harmonies optimal provision of crops with water, nutrients, light and air; maximal use of premise’s space; a possibility of re-space during of the growth period, increase of area for each plant and support of its stalk and sprouts. Also, the formulas for definition of main parameters of the elaborated installations are presented in the article.

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