INFORMATION REPRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN INFORMATION BUSINESS LOGISTICS

The article considers the fundamentals of the information reproduction systems formation in the optoelectronic element base for information logistics systems. The use of optoelectronic elements for information processing has been considered, namely discrete optoelectronic digital systems, analog systems, optical memory systems, optical systems of input-output of information in computers, systems based on fiber devices of neuristor type. It is emphasized that modern logistics is impossible without the active use of information technology. The functions of information support of managerial influences can be performed by information technologies used today in logistics. To perform the tasks of financial flow management, these technologies can be supplemented by modules of eye-processing of the information. Logic-clock quantron automatic devices based on optocouplers are suitable for creating parallel information operating environments, which is a universal means of converting and presenting information. This approach leads to the creation of matrix-type devices that are able not only to receive information but also to process it. One of the promising areas of use of optoelectronic matrix systems is the creation of flat operating screens for parallel reception and display of information. The paper presents the classification of operating screens according to such features as: the principle of displaying information, the type of input information, the type of output information, the method of image formation, the number of consumers of the information. The analysis of electric circuit diagram of modern LED matrix video screens, in particular of a typesetting-modular design has been presented. A comparison of the forms of organization of matrix video screens is made, and it is emphasized that the most economical in terms of the number of memory trigger elements per one LED of the display cell is a video information system based on the structure of the third group video screen. The structure of the video information system is optimized according to the criterion of optimality – the maximum image quality on the matrix screen and the minimum screen complexity, which is determined by the circuit features of the microelectronic circuits.

INNOVATIVE METHODS OF SEPARATION OF GLYCEROL-CONTAINING RAW MATERIALS FROM BIOFUELS

Transport consumes about 20% of the world's primary energy, mainly oil. This situation is unacceptable for countries that do not have their own oil reserves and want a stable economy and energy independence. Communities in many countries recognize that these problems continue to accompany the use of road transport and have long paid serious attention to the use of alternative fuels for vehicles, including biofuels, natural gas and hydrogen. However, in the current increase in the number of food industry facilities, it is necessary to deal with food products that have a negative impact on the environment (food fats). According to some data, the amount of garbage per day can range from a few kilograms to tens of tons. Approximately 90% of diesel biofuels (DBs) are mainly derived from processed oils and raw materials, including fats and oils of animal or vegetable origin that are recyclable. Biofuel is a biologically harmless product. In contact with water, the wine does not harm aquatic flora and fauna. In water or soil, it undergoes almost complete biological decomposition. Combustion of diesel biofuels emits much less carbon dioxide (CO2) than combustion of conventional fuels. Of course, there are drawbacks. First, biofuels have low frost resistance. Undiluted biofuel damages rubber hoses and gaskets. Biofuels have a certain shelf life. Due to increased maintenance costs, deposits can contaminate fuel equipment and filters during operation. Particular attention should be paid to the free glycerin that remains during production. The article considers biofuel production technologies and methods of glycerin removal. The focus is on devices that allow you to remove glycerin mobile. As a result, a faucet was proposed in which a filter was installed to remove residual glycerin and a study of its operation using the FlowVision program was performed. The simulation model of operation of the mixer with reception of indicators of its work is executed.

IMPROVEMENT OF HYDROPON INSTALLATIONS

Hydroponics is a promising area of development of modern agriculture, which provides long-term cultivation of basic vegetables and greenery in small areas with minimal consumption of water and fertilizers. This technology allows you to get a fairly large harvest of fresh vegetables within large cities, including office and residential premises. Entrepreneurs and researchers are paying close attention to developing more efficient hydroponics methods and equipment to implement them in order to reduce usable space, save water, nutrients and increase air supply and plant capacity. Several hydroponics systems are known: static solution culture, continuous flow solution (NFT) culture, deep water culture, passive irrigation, underwater and drainage irrigation systems, wastewater drainage system, deep-water fertilized culture, rotary system, aeroponics, wick system. The first three of the above methods were used commercially and industrially. The system of static culture solution does not provide the necessary saturation of plant roots with air. With the implementation of the method of continuous solution culture, minor buffering is possible due to interruptions in the flow (power outage), flooding of water in some canals, in addition, there are restrictions on the maximum length of canals (12 - 15 m). The system of deep-water culture on an industrial scale is used mainly for growing lettuce. Other mentioned systems are not efficient enough in terms of commercial use. The improved hydroponic installations presented in the article were developed taking into account the following requirements: universality of use (possibility of growing different types of plants); harmonization of optimal supply of crops with water, nutrients, light and air; maximum use of space; increasing the area for each plant and maintaining its stems and shoots. Also in the article the equation for definition of the basic parameters of the developed installations is given.

MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF AUTOMATION OF THE DIAGNOSIS OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES OF THE YAMZ-238 FAMILY

Constructive improvement of mobile energy means, in particular their main unit - the internal combustion engine, is directed on: maintenance of differentiation of size of parameters of functioning of mechanisms of systems depending on variability of conditions and modes of operation of cars; increase of technical resource at use of cars on purpose in the set operating conditions. The existing methods and tools for diagnosing vehicle engines do not fully determine their current technical condition, which requires the development of mathematical models to automate the process of diagnosing their components and parts was found іn the analysis of literature sources. The object of diagnosis is a diesel internal combustion engine of the YaMZ-238 family, which is part of the power unit of most vehicles. Mathematical model of automation of the process of diagnosing internal combustion engines of the YaMZ-238 family is presents in the article. Replacing real technical devices with their idealized models allows the widespread use of various mathematical methods. In this case, the internal combustion engine of the YaMZ-238 family, as the object of diagnosis, is presented in the form of a «black box», the input and output parameters of which have a finite set of values. In general, the mathematical model is a system of functional relationships between each diagnostic signal and structural parameters. For internal combustion engines of the YaMZ-238 family, a diagnostic matrix has been compiled, which includes a list of faults and signs of faults. It is determined that the process of diagnosis based on the model of the diagnostic object is possible if the inverse transformation of the number of signs of malfunctions into the number of structural parameters (malfunctions) of the object was unambiguous. The proposed mathematical model of automation of the process of diagnosing internal combustion engines of the family YaMZ-238 will detect faults of components and parts depending on their characteristics.

REMOVAL OF TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC INDICATORS OF THE D-240 ENGINE WHEN USING BIOFUELS BY APPLYING THE DIESEL-RK SOFTWARE COMPLEX

Ukraine is one of the energy-deficient countries because it covers its needs in fuel and energy resources from domestic reserves by only 53% (imports 75% of the required natural gas and 85% of crude oil and petroleum products). Dependence on oil imports is seen by most developed countries as a matter of national and energy security, and the use of petroleum products as energy sources poses a significant environmental risk. According to the analysis of the state of the world engine industry, the most effective measures to improve the design of the engine are: development and implementation of a new workflow with effective methods of mixing and combustion; development and creation of the design of the system of automatic regulation of diesel rotation. frequency to improve fuel economy And to reduce toxicity in partial load mode, some cylinders are switched off at idle. To strengthen the requirements for fuel consumption standards and the level of toxicity of exhaust gases, as well as to increase the reliability and efficiency of agricultural power engines, it is necessary to formulate measures to improve its design. The choice of a fuel should be determined by the optimal combination of environmental and economic performance of the engine. Prospects for the use of a particular fuel of plant origin are noted. If for fuels of petroleum origin the improvement of its properties is determined by special processing, then oils with the set characteristics can be received already in "field" by selection of the corresponding grades of plants, use of fertilizers, agronomic actions, etc. The problem of reducing the consumption of diesel fuel at idle and low load can be solved by excluding from its operation part of the cylinders (this method is widely used) and closing the cycle of one cylinder. A comparative analysis of the main technical and environmental performance of the D-240 diesel engine when working on traditional and alternative fuels using the computer program Diesel-RK.

FORMATION OF QUALITATIVE INDICATORS OF PRODUCTS BY ROLLING STAMPING PROCESSES

The influence of rolling stamping on the service characteristics of products is investigated in the work. Based on the analysis of deformation kinematics, stress-strain state, microstructure and evaluation of deformability of workpiece material, ways to increase geometric accuracy, vacuum tightness, electrolytic stability and mechanical characteristics of product material, as well as ways to improve the material of workpieces for their subsequent processing. The influence of active friction forces on the nature of the material flow during SHO was established, which contributed to the development of new processes that allow to bring the shape and dimensions of the workpiece as close as possible to the finished part. Thus accuracy of the sizes of details corresponds to 7-11th qualities of accuracy, and roughness of the processed surfaces makes Ra = 2,5… 0,63 microns. The process of reshaping the square billets into round ones by the method of SHO is effective, which increases the utilization factor of the metal and reduces the anisotropy of its mechanical properties. The characteristic of flat anisotropy λr, adopted in sheet metal stamping as a characteristic of the ability of the material to form scallops, decreases as a result of reshaping by 70-80%. The relative difference in yield strength in the plane of the sheet decreases from 0.10-0.15 to 0.03-0.05. The ultimate tensile strain increases by 8-10%, and the uniform uniform strain - by 5-8%. This improvement in the characteristics of the material reshaped by rolling blanks leads to the fact that when drawing cylindrical products, the value of scallops decreases by 2-2.5 times, and the value of the maximum degree of drawing increases by 10-15%. This reduces the relative difference in wall thickness along the perimeter of the elongated workpiece, and the change in wall thickness along its height becomes linear. Thus, the use of SHO processes significantly improves the quality characteristics of products.

USE OF DIGITALIZATION MEANS IN THE FORMATION OF THE MICROCLIMATE OF ANIMAL PREMISES

The study of information systems and technologies, specialized software products aimed at solving the problems of animal husbandry management and determining the prospects for their use by specialists is relevant. The main factor determining the life of animals is the environment. One of the ways to intensify livestock (pigs, cattle, poultry, etc.) is a comprehensive automation of labor-intensive technological processes, including the formation of the microclimate of livestock facilities, which would have a positive impact on animal health, productivity and product quality. However, animals are also affected by certain methods and methods of feeding, man-made content, zonal climate, heat-shielding properties of enclosing structures, air exchange rate, ventilation efficiency, sewage condition, manure removal and removal methods, lighting. The impact of microclimate on animals consists of a set of environmental factors: temperature, humidity, air velocity, chemical composition, microbial and dust pollution, lighting, etc. The main parameter of the air environment is temperature. This has the greatest impact on animal health and productivity. The hygienic value of temperature is that it affects the thermoregulation of the body, which is divided into the processes of chemical thermoregulation - the reaction of heat generation and the processes of physical thermoregulation - the regulation of heat transfer. The study of the technology of improving the efficiency of microclimate regulation in livestock premises based on the use of an automated control system is promising. Thus, changing the composition and properties of the environment, you can affect the body of animals, achieving high productivity.

INNOVATIVE THREAD METHOD THROUGH CYLINDRICAL HOLES

Innovative activity in the field of engineering and technology, based on the use of best practices, contributes to scientific and technological progress in production. The latest projects in the field of technology significantly increase the technical and economic performance of enterprises. Innovative technical solutions of production nature significantly improve the structure and quality of production. Given the level of the proposed technological changes in the manufacture of threads in through holes, these innovations cover the field of combinatorial and partial. Today mechanical engineering is characterized by mechanization and automation of technological processes, a wide range of products of various parts. Among the non-detachable and detachable joints of parts, the threaded connection is the most common. Simplicity, reliability, the ability to adjust the force with which the conjugate surfaces come into contact, the possibility of repeated cycles of disassembly and assembly, etc., make this type of connection the most commonly used in mechanisms and machines of modern engineering. With the simplicity of the contact pair of threaded joints, where one of them contains the outer and the other the inner screw surface, during their manufacture there are problems that significantly inhibit production. The subject of research of this article is the solution of difficulties of manufacturing of an internal cut in through openings of small diameter by means of a tap. According to various sources, up to 80% of marriage is due to breaking taps. Studies by a group of scientists has found that more than 75% of taps break when the reverse (reverse) stroke of the tap, when the torque reaches its maximum value. The reverse scheme of production of a screw profile of a cutting surface by means of the mechanized devices and their alternative analogs, and also machines of drilling group, is offered.

MATHEMATICAL JUSTIFICATION OF STABILITY OF STEERING BRIDGE OF WHEELED TRACTOR

The article deals with the influence of wheel oscillation and the micro-profile of the road surface on the stability of the wheel tractor axle movement. The reasons for the oscillations of the steered wheels, the design diagram of the controlled axle of the tractor and the sequence for determining the oscillation frequency of the axle of the tractor are presented. The reasons for the oscillation of the steered wheels are collisions with bumps, imbalance of the wheels and a double connection with the tractor frame through the steering system and the fastening of the steering axle beam. The most common functions for describing road irregularities that affect the movement of a tractor are the mathematical expectation and the average value of the ordinates of the micro-profile, the variance or standard deviation of the ordinates, the correlation function characterizing the relationship of various implementations of the micro-profile functions along the length of the road section and spectral density. Oscillations of the steered wheels have a side effect on the stability of the tractor, which leads to oscillations of the steered axle due to the presence of an additional degree of freedom (turning around the pivot) in comparison with uncontrolled ones. In addition, the steered wheels are interconnected by a steering linkage, which is damped due to clearances. Oscillations of the wheels can also occur due to the fact that the radial (normal) stiffness of the tires around the circumference is not the same. When such a tire rolls, the wheel begins to oscillate in a vertical plane. Such oscillations, performed due to changes in the parameters of the oscillatory system, are called parametric. Self-oscillations of the steered wheels cause significant dynamic loads on the steering parts, intense tire wear and lead to a loss of tractor controllability and driving stability. One of the main reasons for the occurrence of oscillations of the steered wheels is the presence of a gyroscopic relationship between the angular oscillations of the beam of the steered bridge in the transverse plane and the rotation of the wheels of this bridge relative to the pins. The article also discusses the physical essence of the processes occurring during self-oscillations of the tractor's controlled wheels.

JUSTIFICATION OF METHODS OF POLYMERIC WASTE PROCESSING IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION

The development of industry has led to the unlimited technological application of polymers, ranging from plastic bags, rubber, fabrics, paper and other materials. Displacing traditional materials, polymer products began to be used in agriculture. Polymers are used to make films for soil cover (mulching), anti-hail nets, shaft bushings, gears, body parts, tanks for storage and transportation of fertilizers and working fluids and many other parts. The operational properties of polymer products are becoming more and more perfect, but at the same time the methods of polymer waste management and their utilization are being developed and complicated. Over time, they can no longer be used for their intended purpose, so they are discarded and sent to landfills, while polymers are valuable structural materials and their reuse will not only be positive for the environment, but can also become a profitable branch of the agro-industrial complex. Pellet production is one of the methods of recycling polymer waste, which in the future can be used for the production of new parts, as well as added to the composition of composite materials based on organic or mineral fillers. This article examines the problem of recycling polymer waste by improving their processing technologies. The analysis of existing methods of utilization and processing of polymeric waste generated in agriculture is carried out. Determination of physical and mechanical properties of polymer waste, in particular thermoplastics. Taking into account the received information, conclusions are made and the analysis of methods of utilization and processing of polymeric waste in secondary raw materials is carried out.