scholarly journals Effects of Seeding Pattern and Cultivar on Productivity of Baby Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) Grown Hydroponically in Deep-Water Culture

Horticulturae ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Janeczko ◽  
Michael Timmons
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Water Culture ◽  
Canopy Density ◽  
Bench Scale

Baby spinach (Spinacia oleracea) was grown in a bench-scale deep-water culture (DWC) system in expanded polystyrene (EPS) plug trays. Two experiments were performed. In the first, different seeding patterns, [1-2-1-2…] or [3-0-3-0…] seeds per sequential cell, at the same overall density per tray, were compared to evaluate the potential of an EPS tray designed with fewer cells, but sown with more seeds per cell (to preserve canopy density). Using such a flat would lower growing substrate requirements. Seeding in the [3-0-3-0…] pattern reduced seed germination, but only by 5%. Harvested fresh weight was also less numerically in the [3-0-3-0…] pattern but not statistically. The second experiment observed cultivars Carmel, Seaside and Space grown concurrently. Carmel had the highest germination, nearly 100%, which was significantly greater than Seaside but not Space. Germination for Space was not significantly different from that of Seaside. Carmel also had the highest harvested fresh weight but was not significantly different from Space; both Carmel and Space produced significantly more harvested fresh weight than Seaside.

Sensitivity of Selected Vegetable and Weed Seedlings to Ultraviolet-B Radiation

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 480e-480
Author(s):  
Nancy H. Furness ◽  
Mahesh K. Upadhyaya ◽  
Douglas P. Ormrod
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Relative Sensitivity ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Seedling Height ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Green Foxtail

Relative sensitivity of selected vegetable and weed seedlings to ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation (280–320 nm) was investigated. Seedlings were grown for 4 weeks in a greenhouse, in chambers equipped with UV-B-emitting fluorescent tubes and Mylar (control) and cellulose acetate (UV-B) filters. UV-B radiation reduced seedling height, leaf area, and leaf fresh weight in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum `Cour Di Bue'), broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica `Purple Sprouting'), cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. Capitata `Red Drumhead'), and cucumber (Cucumis sativus `Straight Eight'), leaf area and leaf fresh weight in beet (Beta vulgaris `Cylindra' and `Early Wonder'), seedling height and leaf area in spinach (Spinacia oleracea `Long Standing Bloomsdale'), lettuce (Lactuca sativa ``Red Salad Bowl Everest') and `Savoy' cabbage, and seedling height in `Chinese Tip Top' cabbage and lettuce (`Saladin'). `Winterton' cabbage was not affected. UV-B radiation decreased leaf area and leaf fresh weight in common chickweed (Stellaria media) and corn spurry (Spergula arvensis) and seedling height in green foxtail (Setaria viridis) and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus). Tillering was stimulated in response to UV-B in green foxtail. There was no effect of UV-B on lady's-thumb (Polygonum persicaria) growth. Leaf number was not affected by exposure to UV-B in any species. The differential morphological sensitivity of vegetable and weed seedlings may result in altered competitive relationships under enhanced UV-B levels expected with the depletion of the earth's ozone layer.

scholarly journals The efficacy of different seed priming agents for promoting sorghum germination under salt stress

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245505
Author(s):  
Xiaofei Chen ◽  
Ruidong Zhang ◽  
Yifan Xing ◽  
Bing Jiang ◽  
Bang Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Positive Effects

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] seed germination is sensitive to salinity, and seed priming is an effective method for alleviating the negative effects of salt stress on seed germination. However, few studies have compared the effects of different priming agents on sorghum germination under salt stress. In this study, we quantified the effects of priming with distilled water (HP), sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), calcium chloride (CaCl2), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) on sorghum seed germination under 150 mM NaCl stress. The germination potential, germination rate, germination index, vigor index, root length, shoot length, root fresh weight, shoot fresh weight, root dry weight, and shoot dry weight were significantly reduced by salt stress. Different priming treatments alleviated the germination inhibition caused by salt stress to varying degrees, and 50 mM CaCl2 was the most effective treatment. In addition, the mitigation effect of priming was stronger on root traits than on shoot traits. Mitigation efficacy was closely related to both the type of agent and the concentration of the solution. Principal component analysis showed that all concentrations of CaCl2 had higher scores and were clearly distinguished from other treatments based on their positive effects on all germination traits. The effects of the other agents varied with concentration. The priming treatments were divided into three categories based on their priming efficacy, and the 50, 100, and 150 mM CaCl2 treatments were placed in the first category. The 150 mM KCl, 10% PEG, HP, 150 mM NaCl, 30% PEG, and 50 mM KCl treatments were placed in the second category, and the 100 mM NaCl, 100 mM KCl, 20% PEG, and 50 mM NaCl treatments were least effective and were placed in the third category. Choosing appropriate priming agents and methods for future research and applications can ensure that crop seeds germinate healthily under saline conditions.

MONITORING OF THE CHANGE IN FRESH WEIGHT OF PLANTS GROWN IN WATER CULTURE

1996 ◽  
pp. 413-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Takaichi ◽  
H. Shimaji ◽  
T. Higashide
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Water Culture

Fungal endophytes improve wheat seed germination under heat and drought stress

Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Hubbard ◽  
James Germida ◽  
Vladimir Vujanovic
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Hydrothermal Time ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
First Time ◽  
Stressful Environments

Seed germination is a critical life stage for plants survival and timely seedling establishment especially in stressful environments. We hypothesized that fungal endophytes would improve wheat seed germination under heat and drought stress. The hydrothermal time (HTT) model of germination is a conceptual model useful for predicting the timing and energy of germination (EG) under a given set of conditions. The HTT and EG are applied, for the first time, to determine if one or more compatible endophytic fungi enhance heat or drought tolerance in wheat. Fungal endophytes tested dramatically increased the percent of germination, improved EG and HTT values, and diminished wheat susceptibility to heat and drought as measured by fresh weight of seedlings. When colonized by the most effective fungal endophyte, the values of the parameters tested in wheat seeds exposed to heat stress resembled those of unstressed seeds.

scholarly journals IMPROVEMENT OF HYDROPON INSTALLATIONS

2021 ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
Ivan Sevostianov ◽  
Oleksandr Melnik
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Static Solution ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Culture Solution ◽  
Water Culture ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Air Supply ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
Water Nutrients

Hydroponics is a promising area of development of modern agriculture, which provides long-term cultivation of basic vegetables and greenery in small areas with minimal consumption of water and fertilizers. This technology allows you to get a fairly large harvest of fresh vegetables within large cities, including office and residential premises. Entrepreneurs and researchers are paying close attention to developing more efficient hydroponics methods and equipment to implement them in order to reduce usable space, save water, nutrients and increase air supply and plant capacity. Several hydroponics systems are known: static solution culture, continuous flow solution (NFT) culture, deep water culture, passive irrigation, underwater and drainage irrigation systems, wastewater drainage system, deep-water fertilized culture, rotary system, aeroponics, wick system. The first three of the above methods were used commercially and industrially. The system of static culture solution does not provide the necessary saturation of plant roots with air. With the implementation of the method of continuous solution culture, minor buffering is possible due to interruptions in the flow (power outage), flooding of water in some canals, in addition, there are restrictions on the maximum length of canals (12 - 15 m). The system of deep-water culture on an industrial scale is used mainly for growing lettuce. Other mentioned systems are not efficient enough in terms of commercial use. The improved hydroponic installations presented in the article were developed taking into account the following requirements: universality of use (possibility of growing different types of plants); harmonization of optimal supply of crops with water, nutrients, light and air; maximum use of space; increasing the area for each plant and maintaining its stems and shoots. Also in the article the equation for definition of the basic parameters of the developed installations is given.

scholarly journals Desiccation tolerance and DNA integrity in Eugenia pleurantha O. Berg. (myrtaceae) seeds

2008 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tathiana Elisa Masetto ◽  
José Marcio Rocha Faria ◽  
Antonio Claudio Davide ◽  
Edvaldo Aparecido Amaral da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Dna Degradation ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Dna Integrity ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Germination Value

The aim of this study was to assess the desiccation tolerance and DNA integrity in Eugenia pleurantha seeds dehydrated to different moisture contents (MCs). Seeds extracted from mature fruits were submmited to drying in silica gel and evaluated at every five percentual points of decrease from the initial MC (35.5%, fresh weight basis). The effects of dehydration on seeds were verified through germination tests and DNA integrity assessment. Undried seeds achieved 87% germination, value reduced to 36% after being dried to 9.8% MC. When dried slightly more, to 7.4% MC, seeds were no longer able to germinate, suggesting an intermediate behavior in relation to desiccation tolerance. It was observed DNA degradation in seeds with 7.4% MC, which might have contributed to the loss of seed germination.

scholarly journals Relationship between Oxalate Concentration and Leaf Position in Various Spinach Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. 1019-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Okutani ◽  
N. Sugiyama
Keyword(s):  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Leaf Position ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Oxalate Concentration ◽  
The Relationship

A negative relationship has been reported between the oxalate concentration in leaves and leaf position numbered from the base for `Okame' spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). We compared changes in leaf and stem oxalate concentrations among three cultivars. `Viroflay' differentiated and developed leaves at a lower rate than did `Okame' and `Kyoho'. Oxalate concentrations in plant tops decreased with time in `Okame' and `Kyoho', but `Viroflay' changed little. The relationship between leaf oxalate concentration (Y; millimoles per gram of fresh weight) and its position on the stem (X) was the same for all cultivars and can be given as Y = -0.0089X + 0.158.

scholarly journals A SEASON EXTENSION TECHNIQUE FOR COOL SEASON VEGETABLES USING POLY TUNNELS AND ROW COVERS

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 269E-269
Author(s):  
Gloria McIntosh ◽  
Gerald Klingaman
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Pak Choi ◽  
Mild Winter ◽  
Row Covers ◽  
Additional Protection ◽  
Season Extension

Spunbonded polyester or polystyrene row covers were used as additional cold protection for spinach (Spinacia oleracea), kale (Brassica oleracea), pak choi (Brassica rapa) and P-types of lettuce (Lactuca savita) grown in ground beds under unheated polyethylene tunnels during the fall and winter of 1991 and 1992 in climatic zone 6. Temperatures inside poly tunnels averaged 2.4C warmer than outside. Average temperatures were 1.9C warmer than control under polystyrene and 1.5C warmer under spunbonded polyester. Average hourly temperatures showed both row covers offered significantly more cold protection than the greenhouse covering alone; but the two row covers offered similar protection from the cold. Row covers did not result in fresh weight differences in most of the species tested, except kale which had greater fresh weight in control. It may be concluded that during a similar mild winter, these cool season vegetables could be grown under unheated polyethylene tunnels with no additional protection necessary. When temperatures are lower, row covers could provide the protection required to produce these crops.

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