Isolation and nitrogen fixing efficiency of Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus associated with sugarcane: A review

Several Brazilian sugarcane varieties have the ability to grow with little addition of inorganic nitrogen fertilizers, showing high contributions of Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF). A particular type of nitrogen-fixing association has been described in this crop, where endophytic diazotrophs such as Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus and Herbaspirillum spp. colonize plant tissues without causing disease symptoms. In order to gain insight into the role played by the sugarcane in the interaction between this plant and endophytic diazotrophs, we investigated gene expression profiles of sugarcane plants colonized by G. diazotrophicus and H. rubrisubalbicans by searching the sugarcane expressed sequence tag SUCEST Database (<A HREF="http://sucest.lad.ic.unicamp.br/en/">http://sucest.lad.ic.unicamp.br/en/</A>). We produced an inventory of sugarcane genes, candidates for exclusive or preferential expression during the nitrogen-fixing association. This data suggests that the host plant might be actively involved in the establishment of the interaction with G. diazotrophicus and H. rubrisubalbicans.

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Exopolysaccharide Production Is Required for Biofilm Formation and Plant Colonization by the Nitrogen-Fixing Endophyte Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi-05-11-0127 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 24 (12) ◽

pp. 1448-1458 ◽

Cited By ~ 89

Author(s):

Carlos H. S. G. Meneses ◽

Luc F. M. Rouws ◽

Jean L. Simões-Araújo ◽

Marcia S. Vidal ◽

José I. Baldani

Keyword(s):

Biofilm Formation ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Normal Growth ◽

Root Surface ◽

Plant Colonization ◽

Gluconacetobacter Diazotrophicus ◽

Nitrogen Fixing ◽

Wild Type ◽

Endophytic Colonization

The genome of the endophytic diazotrophic bacterial species Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus PAL5 (PAL5) revealed the presence of a gum gene cluster. In this study, the gumD gene homologue, which is predicted to be responsible for the first step in exopolysaccharide (EPS) production, was insertionally inactivated and the resultant mutant (MGD) was functionally studied. The mutant MGD presented normal growth and nitrogen (N2) fixation levels but did not produce EPS when grown on different carbon sources. MGD presented altered colony morphology on soft agar plates (0.3% agar) and was defective in biofilm formation on glass wool. Most interestingly, MGD was defective in rice root surface attachment and in root surface and endophytic colonization. Genetic complementation reverted all mutant phenotypes. Also, the addition of EPS purified from culture supernatants of the wild-type strain PAL5 to the mutant MGD was effective in partially restoring wild-type biofilm formation and plant colonization. These data provide strong evidence that the PAL5 gumD gene is involved in EPS biosynthesis and that EPS biosynthesis is required for biofilm formation and plant colonization. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a role of EPS in the endophytic colonization of graminaceous plants by a nitrogen-fixing bacterium.

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Field Evaluation of Nitrogen Fixing Endophytic Bacterium Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus NFGM5 on Growth and Yield of Maize

International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences ◽

10.20546/ijcmas.2019.801.160 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (01) ◽

pp. 1497-1516

Author(s):

Hema C. Rao ◽

V.P. Savalgi

Keyword(s):

Endophytic Bacterium ◽

Field Evaluation ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Gluconacetobacter Diazotrophicus ◽

Nitrogen Fixing

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Differential Gene Expression of Brachypodium distachyon Roots Colonized by Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus and the Role of BdCESA8 in the Colonization

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions ◽

10.1094/mpmi-06-20-0170-r ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xuan Yang ◽

Kathleen A. Hill ◽

Ryan S. Austin ◽

Lining Tian

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Cell Wall ◽

Rna Sequencing ◽

Crop Production ◽

Brachypodium Distachyon ◽

Cellulose Synthesis ◽

Gibberellin Biosynthesis ◽

Cellulose Content ◽

Gluconacetobacter Diazotrophicus ◽

Nitrogen Fixing

Alternatives to synthetic nitrogen fertilizer are needed to reduce the costs of crop production and offset environmental damage. Nitrogen-fixing bacterium Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus has been proposed as a possible biofertilizer for monocot crop production. However, the colonization of G. diazotrophicus in most monocot crops is limited and deep understanding of the response of host plants to G. diazotrophicus colonization is still lacking. In this study, the molecular response of the monocot plant model Brachypodium distachyon was studied during G. diazotrophicus root colonization. The gene expression profiles of B. distachyon root tissues colonized by G. diazotrophicus were generated via next-generation RNA sequencing, and investigated through gene ontology and metabolic pathway analysis. The RNA sequencing results indicated that Brachypodium is actively involved in G. diazotrophicus colonization via cell wall synthesis. Jasmonic acid, ethylene, gibberellin biosynthesis. nitrogen assimilation, and primary and secondary metabolite pathways are also modulated to accommodate and control the extent of G. diazotrophicus colonization. Cellulose synthesis is significantly downregulated during colonization. The loss of function mutant for Brachypodium cellulose synthase 8 (BdCESA8) showed decreased cellulose content in xylem and increased resistance to G. diazotrophicus colonization. This result suggested that the cellulose synthesis of the secondary cell wall is involved in G. diazotrophicus colonization. The results of this study provide insights for future research in regard to gene manipulation for efficient colonization of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in Brachypodium and monocot crops. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

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Glycine Betaine Enhances Growth of Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus PAL5 Under Saline Stress Conditions

Current Microbiology ◽

10.1007/s00284-009-9479-7 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 59 (6) ◽

pp. 593-599 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Fabrízio Siqueira Boniolo ◽

Raphael Cardoso Rodrigues ◽

Edson Oliveira Delatorre ◽

Mauricio Moura da Silveira ◽

Victor Martín Quintana Flores ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Glycine Betaine ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Saline Stress ◽

Gluconacetobacter Diazotrophicus ◽

Nitrogen Fixing ◽

Nitrogen Fixing Bacteria

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Colonization of the nitrogen-fixing bacterium Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus in a large number of Canadian corn plants

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps08040 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 89 (6) ◽

pp. 1009-1016 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

G Tian ◽

P Pauls ◽

Z Dong ◽

L M Reid ◽

L Tian

Keyword(s):

Host Plant ◽

Sweet Corn ◽

Genetic Difference ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Sucrose Content ◽

Gluconacetobacter Diazotrophicus ◽

Nitrogen Fixing ◽

New Host ◽

Positive Adaptation ◽

Corn Plants

Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium originally found in sugarcane. In this report, we studied colonization of this bacterium in corn (Zea mays) using 17 inbred grain corn lines and 10 sweet corn varieties. Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus was inoculated to roots of different corn plants. Thirty days after inoculation, the presence of the bacterium in plant tissues was evaluated via polymerase chain reaction using specific primers. The research showed that it was possible to introduce G. diazotrophicus into a large number of corn genotypes. The bacterium was detected in 11 grain corn lines and 9 sweet corn varieties and the overall colonization in corn was 74.1%. The bacterium was detected in stems and leaves from the primary site of inoculation, indicating the bacterium could move to other organs and the bacterium showed a positive adaptation to the new host plant. The bacterium population size in colonized plants ranged from 200 to 3000 per fresh gram of tissues. Some grain and sweet corn genotypes were not colonized by the bacterium, indicating that genetic difference exists in corn plants which influences colonization. Sucrose content in stem tissues of sweet corn varieties was higher than that in grain plants. Analysis of all the corn genotypes showed that there was a positive correlation between plant sucrose content and colonization efficiency. The study indicates that corn can be a potential new host plant for G. diazotrophicus.Key words: Grain corn, nitrogen-fixing bacterium, sugar content, sweet corn

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Research Progress and Perspectives of Nitrogen Fixing Bacterium,Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus, in Monocot Plants

International Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1155/2014/208383 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

N. Eskin ◽

K. Vessey ◽

L. Tian

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fixation ◽

Research Progress ◽

Research Development ◽

Complex Root ◽

Gluconacetobacter Diazotrophicus ◽

Plant Origin ◽

Nitrogen Fixing ◽

Intercellular Spaces ◽

The Past ◽

Plant Crop

Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicusis a nitrogen fixing bacterium originally found in monocotyledon sugarcane plants in which the bacterium actively fixes atmosphere nitrogen and provides significant amounts of nitrogen to plants. This bacterium mainly colonizes intercellular spaces within the roots and stems of plants and does not require the formation of the complex root organ like nodule. The bacterium is less plant/crop specific and indeedG. diazotrophicushas been found in a number of unrelated plant species. Importantly, as the bacterium was of monocot plant origin, there exists a possibility that the nitrogen fixation feature of the bacterium may be used in many other monocot crops. This paper reviews and updates the research progress ofG. diazotrophicusfor the past 25 years but focuses on the recent research development.

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