scholarly journals Differential Gene Expression of Brachypodium distachyon Roots Colonized by Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus and the Role of BdCESA8 in the Colonization

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Yang ◽  
Kathleen A. Hill ◽  
Ryan S. Austin ◽  
Lining Tian
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Cellulose Synthesis ◽  
Gibberellin Biosynthesis ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Gluconacetobacter Diazotrophicus ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing

Alternatives to synthetic nitrogen fertilizer are needed to reduce the costs of crop production and offset environmental damage. Nitrogen-fixing bacterium Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus has been proposed as a possible biofertilizer for monocot crop production. However, the colonization of G. diazotrophicus in most monocot crops is limited and deep understanding of the response of host plants to G. diazotrophicus colonization is still lacking. In this study, the molecular response of the monocot plant model Brachypodium distachyon was studied during G. diazotrophicus root colonization. The gene expression profiles of B. distachyon root tissues colonized by G. diazotrophicus were generated via next-generation RNA sequencing, and investigated through gene ontology and metabolic pathway analysis. The RNA sequencing results indicated that Brachypodium is actively involved in G. diazotrophicus colonization via cell wall synthesis. Jasmonic acid, ethylene, gibberellin biosynthesis. nitrogen assimilation, and primary and secondary metabolite pathways are also modulated to accommodate and control the extent of G. diazotrophicus colonization. Cellulose synthesis is significantly downregulated during colonization. The loss of function mutant for Brachypodium cellulose synthase 8 (BdCESA8) showed decreased cellulose content in xylem and increased resistance to G. diazotrophicus colonization. This result suggested that the cellulose synthesis of the secondary cell wall is involved in G. diazotrophicus colonization. The results of this study provide insights for future research in regard to gene manipulation for efficient colonization of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in Brachypodium and monocot crops. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .

scholarly journals Grass cell wall feruloylation: distribution of bound ferulate and candidate gene expression in Brachypodium distachyon

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo B. C. Molinari ◽  
Till K. Pellny ◽  
Jackie Freeman ◽  
Peter R. Shewry ◽  
Rowan A. C. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Candidate Gene ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon

scholarly journals Expression Patterns and Gene Analysis of the Cellulose Synthase Gene Superfamily in Eucalyptus grandis

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1254
Author(s):  
Guo Liu ◽  
Yaojian Xie ◽  
Xiuhua Shang ◽  
Zhihua Wu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Cellulose Synthase ◽  
Primary Cell Wall ◽  
Regulation Mechanism ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Qrt Pcr ◽  
Different Parts

Cellulose is the world’s most abundant renewable energy resource, and a variety of cellulose synthase genes are involved in the biosynthesis of cellulose. In the process of cellulose synthesis, all cellulose synthases are interrelated and act synergistically. In this study, we analyzed the contents of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in the different parts and tissues of E. grandis. The results showed that the cellulose content had greater differences among three different heights. On this basis, we carried out the transcriptome-wide profiling of gene expression patterns using RNA sequencing. A total of 2066 differentially expressed genes were identified for three pairwise comparisons between three different heights, most of which were related to the programmed photosynthetic membrane and photosystem. A total of 100 transcripts of CSs (58 CesA and 42 Csl) were obtained from transcriptome libraries. The expression pattern of these genes indicated that different CS genes had a wide range of expression profiles. A phylogenetic analysis of 135 reference CS genes showed that the CSs of E. grandis were clustered into six major groups (CesA1-9, CslA, CslB/H, CslD, CslE, and CslG). Based on the weighted gene co-expression network analysis, a dual-directional regulation mechanism between Csl and CesA proteins in the cellulose biosynthesis was identified. The gene expression profile analysis, using qRT-PCR in different tissues of E. grandis, demonstrated that the CSs were highly expressed in xylem, and CesAs had a higher relative expression than Csls. The analysis of sequence similarity combined with the expression pattern indicated that the CesA1, 3, and 6 transcripts were associated with the biosynthesis of the secondary cell wall, and CesA4, 5, and 7 transcripts were more likely to associate with the biosynthesis of the primary cell wall. Finally, the qRT-PCR analysis confirmed the expression of 11 selected CSs in three different parts of E. grandis.

scholarly journals Identification and Fine Mapping of the Recessive Gene BK-5, Which Affects Cell Wall Biosynthesis and Plant Brittleness in Maize

2022 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 814
Author(s):  
Qigui Li ◽  
Shujun Nie ◽  
Gaoke Li ◽  
Jiyuan Du ◽  
Ruchang Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Plant Cell Wall ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Cellulose Synthesis ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Cell Wall Development

The cellulose of the plant cell wall indirectly affects the cell shape and straw stiffness of the plant. Here, the novel brittleness mutant brittle stalk-5 (bk-5) of the maize inbred line RP125 was characterized. We found that the mutant displayed brittleness of the stalk and even the whole plant, and that the brittleness phenotype existed during the whole growth period from germination to senescence. The compressive strength was reduced, the cell wall was thinner, and the cellulose content was decreased compared to that of the wild type. Genetic analysis and map-based cloning indicated that bk-5 was controlled by a single recessive nuclear gene and that it was located in a 90.2-Kb region on chromosome 3 that covers three open reading frames (ORFs). Sequence analysis revealed a single non-synonymous missense mutation, T-to-A, in the last exon of Zm00001d043477 (B73: version 4, named BK-5) that caused the 951th amino acid to go from leucine to histidine. BK-5 encodes a cellulose synthase catalytic subunit (CesA), which is involved with cellulose synthesis. We found that BK-5 was constitutively expressed in all tissues of the germinating stage and silking stage, and highly expressed in the leaf, auricula, and root of the silking stage and the 2-cm root and bud of the germinating stage. We found that BK-5 mainly localized to the Golgi apparatus, suggesting that the protein might move to the plasma membrane with the aid of Golgi in maize. According to RNA-seq data, bk-5 had more downregulated genes than upregulated genes, and many of the downregulated genes were enzymes and transcription factors related to cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin biosynthesis of the secondary cell wall. The other differentially expressed genes were related to metabolic and cellular processes, and were significantly enriched in hormone signal transduction, starch and sucrose metabolism, and the plant–pathogen interaction pathway. Taken together, we propose that the mutation of gene BK-5 causes the brittle stalk phenotype and provides important insights into the regulatory mechanism of cellulose biosynthesis and cell wall development in maize.

Transcriptome profiling reveals the mechanism of ripening and epidermal senescence in passion (Passiflora edulia Sims) fruit

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Changbao Li ◽  
Ming Xin ◽  
Li Li ◽  
Xuemei He ◽  
Guomin Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Cell Wall Degradation ◽  
Cell Wall Metabolism ◽  
Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis

AbstractPassion fruit (Passiflora edulia Sims), an important tropical and sub-tropical species, is classified as a respiration climacteric fruit, the quality deteriorates rapidly after harvest. To reveal the mechanisms involved in ripening and rapidly fruit senescence, the phytochemical characteristics and RNA sequencing were conducted in the purple passion fruits with different (1-MCP and PF) treatment. Comprehensive functional annotation and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the starch and sucrose metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, flavonid biosynthesis, carotenoid biosynthesis were involved in fruit ripening. Applying with PF and 1-MCP significantly affected transcript levels of passion fruit after harvest storage. A large number of differently expressed unigenes (DEGs) were identified significantly enrichen in starch and sucrose metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis at postharvest stage. The preservative film (PF) and 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatments increased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) gene expression and enzyme activities, accelerated the lignin accumulation, decline β-galactosidase (β-Gal), polygalacturonase (PG) and cellulose activities and gene expression to delay cell wall degradation during fruit senescence. The RNA sequencing data of cell wall metabolism and hormone signal transduction pathway related unigenes were verified by RT-qPCR. The results indicated that the cell wall metabolism and hormone signal pathways were notably related to passion fruit ripening. PF and 1-MCP treatment might inhibited ethylene signaling and regulated cell wall metabolism pathways to inhibited cell wall degradation. Our results reveal ripening and senescence related networks during passion fruit ripening, which can provide a foundation for understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying PF and 1-MCP treatment on fruit ripening.

scholarly journals Hydrogen sulfide promotes hypocotyl elongation via increasing cellulose content and changing the arrangement of cellulose fibrils in alfalfa

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (19) ◽  
pp. 5852-5864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jisheng Li ◽  
Xiaofeng Wang ◽  
Xiao Wang ◽  
Peiyun Ma ◽  
Weili Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Hydrogen Sulfide ◽  
Cellulose Synthesis ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Pectin Content ◽  
Cellulose Fibrils ◽  
Cell Wall Expansion

Abstract Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is known to have positive physiological functions in plant growth, but limited data are available on its influence on cell walls. Here, we demonstrate a novel mechanism by which H2S regulates the biosynthesis and deposition of cell wall cellulose in alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Treatment with NaHS was found to increase the length of epidermal cells in the hypocotyl, and transcriptome analysis indicated that it caused the differential expression of numerous of cell wall-related genes. These differentially expressed genes were directly associated with the biosynthesis of cellulose and hemicellulose, and with the degradation of pectin. Analysis of cell wall composition showed that NaHS treatment increased the contents of cellulose and hemicellulose, but decreased the pectin content. Atomic force microscopy revealed that treatment with NaHS decreased the diameter of cellulose fibrils, altered the arrangement of the fibrillar bundles, and increased the spacing between the bundles. The dynamics of cellulose synthase complexes (CSCs) were closely related to cellulose synthesis, and NaHS increased the rate of mobility of the particles. Overall, our results suggest that the H2S signal enhances the plasticity of the cell wall by regulating the deposition of cellulose fibrils and by decreasing the pectin content. The resulting increases in cellulose and hemicellulose contents lead to cell wall expansion and cell elongation.

scholarly journals Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase-hydrolase30 negatively affects salt tolerance in Arabidopsis

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (19) ◽  
pp. 5495-5506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingwei Yan ◽  
Yun Huang ◽  
Huan He ◽  
Tong Han ◽  
Pengcheng Di ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Cortical Microtubule ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Crystalline Cellulose ◽  
Cellulose Synthesis ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Sense And Respond

AbstractPlants have evolved various strategies to sense and respond to saline environments, which severely reduce plant growth and limit agricultural productivity. Alteration to the cell wall is one strategy that helps plants adapt to salt stress. However, the physiological mechanism of how the cell wall components respond to salt stress is not fully understood. Here, we show that expression of XTH30, encoding xyloglucan endotransglucosylase-hydrolase30, is strongly up-regulated in response to salt stress in Arabidopsis. Loss-of-function of XTH30 leads to increased salt tolerance and overexpression of XTH30 results in salt hypersensitivity. XTH30 is located in the plasma membrane and is highly expressed in the root, flower, stem, and etiolated hypocotyl. The NaCl-induced increase in xyloglucan (XyG)-derived oligosaccharide (XLFG) of the wild type is partly blocked in xth30 mutants. Loss-of-function of XTH30 slows down the decrease of crystalline cellulose content and the depolymerization of microtubules caused by salt stress. Moreover, lower Na+ accumulation in shoot and lower H2O2 content are found in xth30 mutants in response to salt stress. Taken together, these results indicate that XTH30 modulates XyG side chains, altered abundance of XLFG, cellulose synthesis, and cortical microtubule stability, and negatively affecting salt tolerance.

scholarly journals VipariNama: RNA viral vectors to rapidly elucidate the relationship between gene expression and phenotype

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arjun Khakhar ◽  
Cecily Wang ◽  
Ryan Swanson ◽  
Sydney Stokke ◽  
Furva Rizvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Viral Vectors ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Tobacco Rattle Virus ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Gibberellin Biosynthesis ◽  
In Planta

Abstract Synthetic transcription factors have great promise as tools to help elucidate relationships between gene expression and phenotype by allowing tunable alterations of gene expression without genomic alterations of the loci being studied. However, the years-long timescales, high cost, and technical skill associated with plant transformation have limited their use. In this work we developed a technology called VipariNama (ViN) in which vectors based on the Tobacco Rattle Virus (TRV) are used to rapidly deploy Cas9-based synthetic transcription factors and reprogram gene expression in planta. We demonstrate that ViN vectors can implement activation or repression of multiple genes systemically and persistently over several weeks in Nicotiana benthamiana, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). By exploring strategies including RNA scaffolding, viral vector ensembles, and viral engineering, we describe how the flexibility and efficacy of regulation can be improved. We also show how this transcriptional reprogramming can create predictable changes to metabolic phenotypes, such as gibberellin biosynthesis in N. benthamiana and anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis, as well as developmental phenotypes, such as plant size in N. benthamiana, Arabidopsis, and tomato. These results demonstrate how ViN vector-based reprogramming of different aspects of gibberellin signaling can be used to engineer plant size in a range of plant species in a matter of weeks. In summary, VipariNama accelerates the timeline for generating phenotypes from over a year to just a few weeks, providing an attractive alternative to transgenesis for synthetic transcription factor-enabled hypothesis testing and crop engineering.

scholarly journals Cell wall proteomic datasets of stems and leaves of Brachypodium distachyon

Data in Brief ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 106818
Author(s):  
Thibaut Douché ◽  
Benoît Valot ◽  
Thierry Balliau ◽  
Hélène San Clemente ◽  
Michel Zivy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Brachypodium Distachyon ◽  
Stems And Leaves

scholarly journals Melatonin as Master Regulator in Plant Growth, Development and Stress Alleviator for Sustainable Agricultural Production: Current Status and Future Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Khadija Nawaz ◽  
Rimsha Chaudhary ◽  
Ayesha Sarwar ◽  
Bushra Ahmad ◽  
Asma Gul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Master Regulator ◽  
Abiotic Stressors ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Protein ◽  
Growth Development

Melatonin, a multifunctional signaling molecule, is ubiquitously distributed in different parts of a plant and responsible for stimulating several physiochemical responses against adverse environmental conditions in various plant systems. Melatonin acts as an indoleamine neurotransmitter and is primarily considered as an antioxidant agent that can control reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in plants. Melatonin, being a signaling agent, induces several specific physiological responses in plants that might serve to enhance photosynthesis, growth, carbon fixation, rooting, seed germination and defense against several biotic and abiotic stressors. It also works as an important modulator of gene expression related to plant hormones such as in the metabolism of indole-3-acetic acid, cytokinin, ethylene, gibberellin and auxin carrier proteins. Additionally, the regulation of stress-specific genes and the activation of pathogenesis-related protein and antioxidant enzyme genes under stress conditions make it a more versatile molecule. Because of the diversity of action of melatonin, its role in plant growth, development, behavior and regulation of gene expression it is a plant’s master regulator. This review outlines the main functions of melatonin in the physiology, growth, development and regulation of higher plants. Its role as anti-stressor agent against various abiotic stressors, such as drought, salinity, temperatures, UV radiation and toxic chemicals, is also analyzed critically. Additionally, we have also identified many new aspects where melatonin may have possible roles in plants, for example, its function in improving the storage life and quality of fruits and vegetables, which can be useful in enhancing the environmentally friendly crop production and ensuring food safety.

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