Research on the reaction temperature of PTFE/Al reactive materials

The synthesis of glycerol mono oleic from oleic acid and glycerol is classified as an esterification reaction. This research is aimed to study the influent of reaction temperature and catalyst concentration on reaction conversion. During the experiment the temperature of reaction mixture was varied as 110 oC, 130 oC, and 150 oC, while the catalyst concentration of 1%, 3 %, and 5% was used. The batch experiment was conducted in a glass reactor equipped with termometer, agitator, and reflux condensor. The oleic acid – glycerol mol ratio of 1 : 2 was used as a mixture feed. To maintain the reaction temperature at certain level, the oil bath was used. After the temperature of reaction mixture was reached the expected value, then H2SO4 catalyst was added to the reactor. To measure the extent of the reaction, every 30 minutes the sample was drawn out from the reactor vessel. The sample analysis include acid number, density, and viscosity measurement. From this research the optimum condition which is the temperature of reaction of 150 oC and 1% catalyst concentration was obtained. At this optimum condition the convertion reach 86% and the analysis of other physical properties of the product show the acid number of 24.12, the density of 0.922 g/cc, and the viscosity of 118.4 cp.

Download Full-text

Meso-Scale Experimental & Numerical Studies for Predicting Macro-scale Performance of Advanced Reactive Materials (ARMs)

10.21236/ada623037 ◽

2015 ◽

Author(s):

Naresh Thadhani ◽

Arun Gokhale ◽

Jason Quenneville ◽

Jennifer Breidenich ◽

Manny Gonzales ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Reactive Materials ◽

Numerical Studies ◽

Macro Scale ◽

Meso Scale

Download Full-text

Control of the adiabatic flow reactor by feeding the catalyst solution

Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications ◽

10.1135/cccc19792352 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 44 (8) ◽

pp. 2352-2365

Author(s):

Josef Horák ◽

Zina Sojková ◽

František Jiráček

Keyword(s):

Steady State ◽

Constant Temperature ◽

Reaction Temperature ◽

Control Algorithm ◽

Flow Reactor ◽

Operating Temperature ◽

Temperature Deviation ◽

Adiabatic Flow ◽

Dosing Frequency ◽

Laboratory Reactor

Control algorithm of the operating temperature is described in the reactor, which is operated at constant temperature and composition of the inlet mixture. The temperature is controlled by dosing a constant volume of the catalyst solution. The dosing frequency is determined according to the reaction temperature (deviation of the temperature from the desired value and the sign of the derivative of temperature). The control algorithm has been verified experimentally for the laboratory reactor in unstable steady state.

Download Full-text

Control of an adiabatic continuous reactor by feeding catalyst

Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications ◽

10.1135/cccc19802903 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 45 (11) ◽

pp. 2903-2918 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Josef Horák ◽

Zina Valášková ◽

František Jiráček

Keyword(s):

Steady State ◽

Reaction Temperature ◽

Continuous Reactor ◽

Control Element ◽

Inlet Temperature ◽

Switching Cycle ◽

Point Temperature ◽

Set Point ◽

Constant Rate ◽

Laboratory Reactor

Algorithms have been presented, analyzed and experimentally tested to stabilize the reaction temperature at constant inlet temperature and composition of the feed by controlled dispensing of the catalyst. The information for the control element is the course of the reaction temperature. If the temperature of the reaction mixture is below the set point, the catalyst is being fed into the reactor at a constant rate. If the reaction temperature is higher the catalyst dispenser is blocked; dispensing of the catalyst is not resumed until the set point temperature has been reached again. The amount of catalyst added is a function of the duration of the switching cycle. The effect has been discussed of the form of this function on the course of the switching cycle. The results have been tested experimentally on a laboratory reactor controlled in an unstable steady state.

Download Full-text

Green synthesis: Proposed mechanism and factors influencing the synthesis of platinum nanoparticles

Green Processing and Synthesis ◽

10.1515/gps-2020-0041 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 386-398 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mahmood S. Jameel ◽

Azlan Abdul Aziz ◽

Mohammed Ali Dheyab

Keyword(s):

Green Synthesis ◽

Reaction Temperature ◽

Platinum Nanoparticles ◽

Energy Requirement ◽

Average Particle Size ◽

High Energy ◽

Energy Utilization ◽

Critical Parameters ◽

Synthesis Process ◽

Average Particle

AbstractPlatinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) have attracted interest in catalysis and biomedical applications due to their unique structural, optical, and catalytic properties. However, the conventional synthesis of Pt NPs using the chemical and physical methods is constrained by the use of harmful and costly chemicals, intricate preparation requirement, and high energy utilization. Hence, this review emphasizes on the green synthesis of Pt NPs using plant extracts as an alternative approach due to its simplicity, convenience, inexpensiveness, easy scalability, low energy requirement, environmental friendliness, and minimum usage of hazardous materials and maximized efficiency of the synthesis process. The underlying complex processes that cover the green synthesis (biosynthesis) of Pt NPs were reviewed. This review affirms the effects of different critical parameters (pH, reaction temperature, reaction time, and biomass dosage) on the size and shape of the synthesized Pt NPs. For instance, the average particle size of Pt NPs was reported to decrease with increasing pH, reaction temperature, and concentration of plant extract.

Download Full-text