PEMBUATAN SURFAKTAN DARI ASAM OLEAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Puguh Setyopratomo ◽  
Edy Purwanto ◽  
H. Yefrico ◽  
H. Yefrico
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Number Density ◽  
Sample Analysis ◽  
Reaction Conversion ◽  
Glycerol Mono

The synthesis of glycerol mono oleic from oleic acid and glycerol is classified as an esterification reaction. This research is aimed to study the influent of reaction temperature and catalyst concentration on reaction conversion. During the experiment the temperature of reaction mixture was varied as 110 oC, 130 oC, and 150 oC, while the catalyst concentration of 1%, 3 %, and 5% was used. The batch experiment was conducted in a glass reactor equipped with termometer, agitator, and reflux condensor. The oleic acid – glycerol mol ratio of 1 : 2 was used as a mixture feed. To maintain the reaction temperature at certain level, the oil bath was used. After the temperature of reaction mixture was reached the expected value, then H2SO4 catalyst was added to the reactor.  To measure the extent of the reaction, every 30 minutes the sample was drawn out from the reactor vessel. The sample analysis include acid number, density, and viscosity measurement. From this research the optimum condition which is the temperature of reaction of 150 oC and 1% catalyst concentration was obtained. At this optimum condition the convertion reach 86% and the analysis of other physical properties of the product show the acid number of 24.12, the density of 0.922 g/cc, and the viscosity of 118.4 cp.

scholarly journals Rekayasa Produksi Biodiesel Dari Minyak Kemiri Sunan (Reutialis Trisperma Oil) Sebagai Alternatif Bahan Bakar Mesin Diesel

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Susanti Dhini Anggraini
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Edible Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Esterification Reaction

In this research, biodiesel was produced from new feedstock Kemiri Sunan oil. Kemiri Sunan oil is non edible oil, an attractive raw material for production of biodiesel. Biodiesel was produced by two steps of reactions, i.e. esterification and transesterification, using H2SO4 and KOH as catalyst, respectively. Esterification reaction was carried out with methanol for 2 h, ratio oil:methanol (3:1). Transesterification was done at various catalyst concentration (0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0 %wt oil), ratio oli:methanol (1:1, 2:1, 3:1 (wt/wt)), and reaction temperature (30, 50, 65, 70oC) for 1 h. The yield and properties of biodiesel were analysed by Gas Chromatography (GC) and ASTM D 6751 methods, respectively. High yield of biodiesel was produced at KOH 1 %wt catalyst, ratio methanol:oil (1:1) and 65oC i.e. 96,91 %. Kemiri Sunan oil-based biodiesel had a range of acid number 0,41-0,56 (mgKOH/g), densitas 0,89-0,91 (g/cm3), viscosity 8,28-12,70 (cSt), cetane number 58,2-63,3, and residu carbon 0,23-0,59.\Keyword : Kemiri sunan Oil (Reutealis trisperma Oil), yield biodiesel, KOH. Pada penelitian ini, biodiesel diproduksi dari new feedstock minyak Kemiri Sunan. Minyak Kemiri Sunan merupakan minyak non edible sehingga sangat menarik untuk diproduksi sebagai biodiesel. Minyak Kemiri sunan diproduksi dengan dua tahapan reaksi yaitu reaksi esterifikasi dan transesterifikasi menggunakan katalis H2SO4 dan KOH. Reaksi esterifikasi telah dilakukan perbandingan minyak:metanol (3:1) selama 2 jam. Reaksi transesterifikasi dilakukan dengan variasi konsentrasi katalis KOH (0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0 %berat minyak), rasio minyak:metanol (1:1; 2:1; 3:1 (berat/berat)), dan suhu reaksi 65 selama 1 jam. Yield dan sifat biodiesel dianalisis dengan Chromatography Gas (GC) dan ASTM D 6751. Yield optimum biodiesel diperoleh sebesar 96,91%, pada kondisi optimum konsentrasi katalis KOH 1 % berat minyak, rasio minyak:metanol 1:1 (berat/berat) dan suhu reaksi 65oC. Biodiesel berbahan dasar minyak kemiri sunan mempunyai rentang angka asam 0,41-0,56 mgKOH/gram, densitas 0,89-0,91 gram/cm3, viscositas 8,28-12,70 cSt, angka setana 58,2-63,3 dan residu karbon 0,23-0,59 %berat/berat.Kata kunci: Minyak kemiri sunan (Reutealis trisperma Oil), yield biodiesel, KOH.

scholarly journals Synthesis of 1,4-Dioxaspiro[4.4] and 1,4-Dioxaspiro[4.5] Novel Compounds from Oleic Acid as Potential Biolubricant

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Yehezkiel Steven Kurniawan ◽  
Yudha Ramanda ◽  
Kevin Thomas ◽  
Hendra Hendra ◽  
Tutik Dwi Wahyuningsih
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Viscous Liquid ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
The Other ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Base Number ◽  
Sonochemical Method ◽  
Total Acid ◽  
Hydroxylation Reaction ◽  
Total Base

Two 1,4-dioxaspiro novel compounds which derivated from methyl 9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoate (MDHO) with cyclopentanone and cyclohexanone had been synthesized by a sonochemical method in the presence of montmorillonite KSF catalyst. The MDHO compound had been prepared from 9,10-dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid (DHOA) and methanol. Meanwhile, DHOA was synthesized by hydroxylation of oleic acid with the solution of 1% KMnO4 under basic condition. The structures of the products were confirmed by FTIR, GC-MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectrometers. Hydroxylation reaction of oleic acid gave DHOA as a white solid powder in 46.52% yield (m.p. 131-132 °C). On the other side, esterification reaction via sonochemical method between DHOA and methanol gave MDHO as a white powder in 93.80% yield (m.p. 80-81 °C). The use of cyclopentanone in 45 min sonochemical method gave methyl 8-(3-octyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.4]nonan-2-yl)octanoate as a yellow viscous liquid in 50.51% yield. The other compound, methyl 8-(3-octyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-yl)octanoate as yellow viscous liquid had been synthesized by similar method with cyclohexanone via the sonochemical method in 45.12% yield. From physicochemical properties, i.e. density, total acid number, total base number, and iodine value, gave the conclusion that these novel compounds are potential biolubricant candidates to be developed.

Optimization of Esterification Reaction Conditions Through the Analysis of the Main Significant Variables

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Ricetti Margarida ◽  
Luana I. Flores ◽  
Luiz Fernando De Lima Luz Jr. ◽  
Marcelo Kaminski Lenzi
Keyword(s):  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Reaction Behavior ◽  
Reaction Conversion ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Hydrous Ethanol ◽  
Water Ratio

Biodiesel production from residual sources is gaining considerable attention nowadays. Consequently, many different studies with in-depth analysis concerning the influence of the transesterification reaction conditions are available in the literature. However, further evaluation of the esterification of fatty acids in the biodiesel industry is still needed. In this study, different parameters influencing the esterification reaction behavior using ethanol as the alcohol and lauric acid as the FFA are analyzed through factorial design and ANOVA methodologies to verify which ones are significant in the reaction. In total, four parameters were evaluated: temperature, catalyst concentration, ethanol/FFA ratio, and ethanol/water ratio. The temperature and ethanol/water ratio had a major influence on the reaction, as increasing these parameters greatly improved reaction conversion. It was also verified that using hydrous ethanol in the esterification reaction is possible in some conditions.

scholarly journals Synthesis of palm oil based polymeric ester through cationic addition polymerisation method

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Yan Irawan ◽  
Ika Juliana ◽  
Emil Budianto
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Initial Step ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Polymeric Surfactant ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Reaction Conversion ◽  
Distribution Type

In this study, the synthesis of palm oil-based polymeric ester for application as a polymeric surfactant was carried out by a cationic addition polymerisation method through two steps. The initial step is a synthesis of fatty acid methyl esters oleate (FAMEO) through esterification reaction between oleic acid and methanol. The optimum conditions of the esterification reaction were carried out at a temperature of 70–80oC for 4 hours with the addition of 1wt% sulfuric acid as a catalyst. The molar ratio between oleic acid and methanol was 1:3. FAMEO was analysed using GCMS to determine the methyl ester content. The second step is the polymerisation of FAMEO. The polymerisation reaction of FAMEO was carried out at 120, 140, and 160oC with 1wt%, 3wt% and 5wt% of boron trifluoride dihydrate as a catalyst and an initiator of polymerisation reaction for 4 to 24 hours of reaction. The reaction conversion of the product was 66%. The polymeric ester was analysed H-NMR. Meanwhile, the molecular weight of that product was 1714 g/mol which analysed using GPC and the PDI was 1.12346 or equal to 1.12. It means that the polymerisation technique was controlled or living polymerisation, which indicates that the distribution type of this product was narrow monodisperse.

scholarly journals Optimisation of Free Fatty Acid Removal in Nyamplung Seed Oil (Callophyllum inophylum L.) using Response Surface Methodology Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratna Dewi Kusumaningtyas ◽  
Haniif Prasetiawan ◽  
Radenrara Dewi Artanti Putri ◽  
Bayu Triwibowo ◽  
Siti Choirunisa Furi Kurnita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Esterification Reaction

Nyamplung seed (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) oil is a prospective non-edible vegetable oil as biodiesel feedstock. However, it cannot be directly used in the alkaline catalysed transesterification reaction since it contains high free fatty acid (FFA) of 19.17%. The FFA content above 2% will cause saponification reaction, reducing the biodiesel yield. In this work, FFA removal was performed using sulfuric acid catalysed esterification to meet the maximum FFA amount of 2%. Experimental work and response surface methodology (RSM) analysis were conducted. The reaction was conducted at the fixed molar ratio of nyamplung seed oil and methanol of 1:30 and the reaction times of 120 minutes. The catalyst concentration and the reaction temperature were varied. The highest reaction conversion was 78.18%, and the FFA concentration was decreased to 4.01% at the temperature of 60℃ and reaction time of 120 minutes. The polynomial model analysis on RSM demonstrated that the quadratic model was the most suitable FFA conversion optimisation. The RSM analysis exhibited the optimum FFA conversion of 78.27% and the FFA content of 4%, attained at the reaction temperature, catalyst concentration, and reaction time of 59.09℃, 1.98% g/g nyamplung seed oil, and 119.95 minutes, respectively. Extrapolation using RSM predicted that the targeted FFA content of 2% could be obtained at the temperature, catalyst concentration, and reaction time of 58.97℃, 3%, and 194.9 minutes, respectively, with a fixed molar ratio of oil to methanol of 1:30. The results disclosed that RSM is an appropriate statistical method for optimising the process variable in the esterification reaction to obtain the targeted value of FFA.

Optimization and Kinetic Study of Biodiesel Production from Diseased Swine Carcasses

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youzhou Jiao ◽  
Yahe Mei ◽  
Le Wang ◽  
Jiaao Liu ◽  
Zhiping Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Kinetic Analysis ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
3D Ultrasound ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ultrasound Group

The innocuous utilization of diseased swine carcasses is a key issue in reducing environmental pollution and ensuring safety in animal husbandry. In this study, by using fat from diseased swine carcasses as raw materials, response surface experiments were conducted to investigate the influences of reaction time, catalyst concentration, reaction temperature, and methanol/oil molar ratio on the biodiesel purity and the optimum conditions for biodiesel production were determined. Furthermore, three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound assistance was adopted and kinetic analysis was performed. The results show that the influencing factors on biodiesel purity, in descending order, were determined to be reaction temperature > catalyst concentration > reaction time > methanol/oil molar ratio. Moreover, the maximum biodiesel purity was 93.7% under the following optimal conditions: catalyst concentration of 5.0 wt%; reaction temperature of 68 °C; methanol/oil molar ratio of 10:1; reaction time of 37 h. When 3D ultrasound assistance was adopted, the maximum biodiesel purity of 98.1% was obtained for the reaction process of 8 h under the ultrasound power and frequency of 500 W and 20 kHz, respectively. And the esterification reaction time was significantly reduced, compared to without ultrasound assistance. The results of kinetic analysis demonstrate that the reaction rate constants of the ultrasound group were 4.45–5.52 times greater than that of the control group. And the activation energy for the ultrasound group was 25.58 kJ/mol, which is 22.81% lower than that of the control group. This study will help to conduct large-batch biodiesel production from diseased swine carcasses in the future.

scholarly journals POTENSI KATALIS PADAT ASAM GAMMA ALUMINA TERSULFATASI PADA REAKSI ESTERIFIKASI MINYAK BIJI KARET

REAKTOR ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Ulfah ◽  
S Subagjo
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Time Of Reaction

POTENTIAL OF SULFATET ALUMINA-HETEROGENEOUS ACID CATALYST IN ESTERIFICATION RUBBER SEED OIL.  Two tipe of  catalysts have been synthesed and evaluated ( free fatty acid conversion) in esterification of rubber seed oil. The first and the second catalyst have content SO3 8,821 % and 40,715 %, respectly. The optimum condition of reaction studied : volume ratio methanol/oil  0,9-1,8 v/v;  catalyst concentration 1,67-10 % wt/v; time of reaction 1-7 hours and temperature of reaction 50-70 oC. This study  showed, the second catalyst  more active than the first catalyst. Maximum conversion from esterification reaction of rubber seed oil of the first and the second catalyst are 75 % and  97 %, respectly. The optimum condition of reaction achieved at volume ratio methanol/oil  1,8 v/v;  catalyst concentration 1,67 % wt/v; time of reaction 7 hours and temperature of reaction 70 oC.   Keywords: sulfated alumina, free fatty acid, eterification, rubber seed oil.AbstrakDua tipe katalis alumina tersulfatasi telah disintesis dan dievaluasi kinerjanya (berupa konversi Asam Lemak Bebas, ALB) pada reaksi esterifikasi asam lemak bebas minyak biji karet. Katalis tipe 1 dan tipe 2 berturut-turut memiliki kandungan SO3 8,821 % dan 40,715 %.  Kondisi optimasi reaksi yang dipelajari: rasio volume metanol/minyak 0,9-1,8 v/v; konsentrasi katalis 1,67-10 % b/v; waktu reaksi 1-7 jam dan temperatur reaksi 50-70 oC.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan katalis tipe 2 lebih aktif dari tipe 1. Konversi ALB maksimum  dari reaksi esterifikasi minyak biji karet  dengan katalis tipe 1 dan tipe 2  berturut-turut 75 % dan 97 %.  Kondisi  optimum reaksi tersebut dicapai pada rasio volume metanol/minyak 1,8; konsentrasi katalis/minyak 1,67 % b/v; lama reaksi 7 jam dan temperatur reaksi 70 oC. Kata kunci: alumina tersulfatasi, asam lemak bebas, esterifikasi, minyak biji karet

Study on Preparation of Biodiesel with Monomer Acid

2014 ◽  
Vol 521 ◽  
pp. 72-75
Author(s):  
Xiao Feng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Toluenesulfonic Acid ◽  
Acid Reaction ◽  
Single Factor Experiment

An esterification reaction of monomer acid with methanol using p-toluenesulfonic acid as catalyst for the preparation of biodiesel was studied. The process variables that influence the esterification of monomer acid, such as catalyst concentration, molar ratio of methanol to acid, reaction time and reaction temperature, were investigated and optimized. Through the single factor experiment, the optimum conditions obtained for the esterification were molar ratio of methanol to acid 3:1, usage amount of p-toluenesulfonic acid 6% and reaction time 3h, reaction temperature 70°C.The produced biodiesel was found to exhibit fuel properties within the limits prescribed by the latest American Standards for Testing Material (ASTM) and 0#diesel oil.

TRANSESTERIFIKASI MINYAK KELAPA MENJADI BIODIESEL DENGAN KATALIS CAO DAN PENERAPAN BIODIESEL (B40) PADA ALAT FOGGING

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Maria Stefani Bethan ◽  
Edy Supriyo
Keyword(s):  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Renewable Fuel ◽  
Reaction Conversion

Biodiesel is a renewable fuel from a transesterification reaction in which triglycerides are converted into FAME with alcohol. Previous research proved that coconut oil can be used as biodiesel. This study aimed to determine the effect of temperature (40-60oC), catalyst concentration of CaO 2-5%w/w) and methanol (20-40%w/w) on the yield of biodiesel produced. The yield were then compared with the biodiesel specification from Pertamina, i.e. density, viscosity, acid number, flash point and cetane number. The result of present work showed that the transesterification reaction between coconut oil and methanol with CaO catalyst have got a reaction conversion of 75% at 60oC, for 2 hours. For producing biodisel, the optimum conditions were achieved when using methanol 20% w/w and a concentration of CaO 2% w/w. The specification biodiesel were as followed: density 836 kg/m3, viscosity 3.09 mm2/sec, acid number 0.37 mgKOH/gr, flash point 62oC, and Cetane value 50.5. In the application, biodiesel (B40) from coconut oil on a fogging machine with a noise of 81.5 dB. 

scholarly journals Pembuatan Biodiesel dari Minyak Kelapa melalui Reaksi Metanolisis Menggunakan Katalis CaCO3 yang dipijarkan

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Padil Padil ◽  
Slamet Wahyuningsih ◽  
Amir Awaluddin
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Optimum Condition ◽  
Kinematic Viscosity ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Experimental Parameters

Biodiesel is one of alternative fuels. Biodiesel can be made from coconut oil and is referred to as cocodiesel. Thisresearch studies the optimum condition of cocodiesel production by methanolysis reaction between coconut oiland methanol using heterogen catalyst of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3) is calcined for 1.5 hours at 900oC. In order toget optimum condition, several experimental parameters are applied such as catalyst concentration 1-3 %-wt andmolar ratio of methanol/coconut oil 4:1-12:1. The optimum condition obtained from this experimental as follow:catalyst concentration was 2%, molar ratio of methanol/coconut oil was 8:1 at 600C, produced the higgest conversionof cocodiesel 75.02%. The cocodiesel meet the requirement of Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) specifications.Based on data analysis, the product has a qualification as diesel fuel. SNI Biodisel is density (40 0C) 850-890Kg/m3,kinematic viscosity (40 0C) 2,3-6,0 mm2/s, cetane number min 51, iod number max 115 gr iod/100 gram,moisture content max 0,05 % volum, acid number max 0,8 mg KOH/g, flash point min 100 0C.

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