scholarly journals Effect of Pipe Diameter Variation on Transmission of Porous Breakwater

2021 ◽  
Vol 841 (1) ◽  
pp. 012030
Author(s):  
A M Syamsuri ◽  
D Suriamihardja ◽  
M A Thaha ◽  
T Rachman
Keyword(s):  
Pipe Diameter ◽  
Diameter Variation

STUDY OF THE PIPE DIAMETER EFFECT ON HORIZONTAL AIR-WATER TWO-PHASE FLOW

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guilherme Gonçalves da Silva ◽  
Saon Vieira ◽  
Marcelo Souza de Castro ◽  
Felipe Jaloretto da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Pipe Diameter ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Diameter Effect

Sediment transport over fixed deposited beds in sewers - An appraisal of existing models

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 123-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Nalluri ◽  
A. K. El-Zaemey ◽  
H. L. Chan
Keyword(s):  
Sediment Transport ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Transport Equations ◽  
Design Criterion ◽  
Pipe Diameter ◽  
Transport Velocity

An appraisal of the existing sediment transport equations was made using May et al (1989) and Ackers (1991) sediment transport equations for the limit of deposition design criterion and with a deposit depth of 1% of the pipe diameter allowed in the sewers. The applicability of those equations for sewers with larger fixed bed deposit depth was assessed, the equations generally over-estimated the transport velocity. Modifications were made to enable the equations to apply to sewers with large fixed bed deposits present.

scholarly journals Human Eye Response to the Iris Diameter Variation at polychromatic light Programmatically

2021 ◽  
Vol 1795 (1) ◽  
pp. 012025
Author(s):  
Lina M. Shaker ◽  
Aqeel Al-Adili ◽  
Ahmed A. Al-Amiery
Keyword(s):  
Human Eye ◽  
Polychromatic Light ◽  
Diameter Variation

scholarly journals Signal Intensity of Stem Diameter Variation for the Diagnosis of Drip Irrigation Water Deficit in Grapevine

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 154
Author(s):  
Chen Ru ◽  
Xiaotao Hu ◽  
Wene Wang ◽  
Hui Ran ◽  
Tianyuan Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Signal Intensity ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Signal To Noise ◽  
Diameter Variation ◽  
Expansion Stage ◽  
Noise Ratio

Precise irrigation management of grapevines in greenhouses requires a reliable method to easily quantify and monitor the grapevine water status to enable effective manipulation of the water stress of the plants. This study describes a study on stem diameter variations of grapevine planted in a greenhouse in the semi-arid area of Northwest China. In order to determine the applicability of signal intensity of stem diameter variation to evaluate the water status of grapevine and soil. The results showed that the relative variation curve of the grapevine stem diameter from the vegetative stage to the fruit expansion stage showed an overall increasing trend. The correlations of MDS (maximum daily shrinkage) and DI (daily increase) with meteorological factors were significant (p < 0.05), and the correlations with SWP, RWC and soil moisture were weak. Although MDS and DI can diagnose grapevine water status in time, SIMDS and SIDI have the advantages of sensitivity and signal intensity compared with other indicators. Compared with MDS and DI, the R2 values of the regression equations of SIMDS and SIDI with SWP and RWC were high, and the correlation reached a very significant level (p < 0.01). Thus, SIMDS and SIDI are more suitable for the diagnosis of grapevine water status. The SIMDS peaked at the fruit expansion stage, reaching 0.957–1.384. The signal-to-noise ratio of SIDI was higher than that of MDS across the three treatments at the vegetative stage. The value and signal-to-noise ratio of SIDI at the flowering stage were similar to those of SIMDS, while the correlation between SIDI and the soil moisture content was higher than that of SIMDS. It can be concluded that that SIDI is suitable as an indicator of water status of grapevine and soil during the vegetative and flowering stages. In addition, the signal-to-noise ratio of SIMDS during the fruit expansion and mature stages was significantly higher than that of SIDI. Therefore, SIMDS is suitable as an indicator of the moisture status of grapevine and soil during the fruit expansion and mature stages. In general, SIMDS and SIDI were very good predictors of the plant water status during the growth stage and their continuous recording offers the promising possibility of their use in automatic irrigation scheduling in grapevine.

scholarly journals Impact of Orifice-to-Pipe Diameter Ratio on Leakage Flow: An Experimental Study

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2189
Author(s):  
Tingchao Yu ◽  
Xiangqiu Zhang ◽  
Iran E. Lima Neto ◽  
Tuqiao Zhang ◽  
Yu Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Pipe Wall ◽  
Pressure Head ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
Pipe Diameter ◽  
Leakage Flow ◽  
Leakage Flow Rate ◽  
Different Shapes ◽  
Real Scale

The traditional orifice discharge formula used to estimate the flow rate through a leak opening at a pipe wall often produces inaccurate results. This paper reports an original experimental study in which the influence of orifice-to-pipe diameter ratio on leakage flow rate was investigated for several internal/external flow conditions and orifice holes with different shapes. The results revealed that orifice-to-pipe diameter ratio (or pipe wall curvature) indeed influenced the leakage flow, with the discharge coefficient ( C d ) presenting a wide variation (0.60–0.85). As the orifice-to-pipe diameter ratio decreased, the values of C d systematically decreased from about 12% to 3%. Overall, the values of C d also decreased with β (ratio of pressure head differential at the orifice to wall thickness), as observed in previous studies. On the other hand, orifice shape, main pipe flow velocity, and external medium (water or air) all had a secondary effect on C d . The results obtained in the present study not only demonstrated that orifice-to-pipe diameter ratio affects the outflow, but also that real scale pipes may exhibit a relevant deviation of C d from the classical range (0.61–0.67) reported in the literature.

scholarly journals Coupling Analysis of Fluid-Structure Interaction and Flow Erosion of Gas-Solid Flow in Elbow Pipe

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 815945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongjun Zhu ◽  
Hongnan Zhao ◽  
Qian Pan ◽  
Xue Li
Keyword(s):  
Erosion Rate ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Fluid Structure Interaction ◽  
Fluid Phase ◽  
Diameter Ratio ◽  
Pipe Diameter ◽  
Discrete Phase Model ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Fluid Structure ◽  
Structure Interaction

A numerical simulation has been conducted to investigate flow erosion and pipe deformation of elbow in gas-solid two-phase flow. The motion of the continuous fluid phase is captured based on calculating three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged-Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations, while the kinematics and trajectory of the discrete particles are evaluated by discrete phase model (DPM), and a fluid-structure interaction (FSI) computational model is adopted to calculate the pipe deformation. The effects of inlet velocity, pipe diameter, and the ratio of curvature and diameter on flow feature, erosion rate, and deformation of elbow are analyzed based on a series of numerical simulations. The numerical results show that flow field, erosion rate, and deformation of elbow are all sensitive to the structural changes and inlet condition changes. Higher inlet rate, smaller curvature diameter ratio, or smaller pipe diameter leads to greater deformation, while slower inlet rate, larger curvature diameter ratio, and larger pipe diameter can weaken flow erosion.

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