scholarly journals Detection and quantification of hepatitis E virus genome in pig liver samples originating from Serbian retail establishments

2021 ◽  
Vol 854 (1) ◽  
pp. 012059
Author(s):  
L Milojevic ◽  
B Velebit ◽  
M Dimitrijevic ◽  
V Djordjevic ◽  
V Jankovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Risk ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Pig Liver ◽  
Wild Pigs ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
One Year

Abstract Hepatitis E is considered an emerging human viral disease with a zoonotic nature, and domestic and wild pigs are the main reservoirs of hepatitis E virus (HEV) among animals. Pork liver is the target tissue of this virus. This study aimed to investigate the presence of HEV in commercial pig liver samples. Sixty samples were collected during one year from different retail outlets in Serbia. Furthermore, the collected samples were separated by four seasons, and every season included three months. The presence of HEV in the livers was examined by molecular analysis using RT-qPCR. The overall prevalence of the virus in analysed pig livers was 5%. HEV was detected in three livers, two in the first season and one in the second, while in the third and fourth season, no positive livers were detected. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the surveyed seasons. HEV was quantified in positive livers. Among positive livers, HEV concentrations ranged between 8×101 and 1.9×104 genome copies of the virus per gram. The presence of HEV in commercial pig livers indicates a potential risk for consumers. Appropriate heat treatment of meals during preparation is essential to eliminate the potential risk of developing the illness.

scholarly journals Interlaboratory Validation of a Detection Method for Hepatitis E Virus RNA in Pig Liver

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1460
Author(s):  
Eva Trojnar ◽  
Matthias Contzen ◽  
Dominik Moor ◽  
Anja Carl ◽  
Sabine Burkhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Detection Method ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Liver Sample ◽  
Pig Liver ◽  
Pork Liver

Background: In the last years, the number of notified hepatitis E cases in humans has continuously increased in Europe. Foodborne infection with the zoonotic hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotype 3 is considered the major cause of this disease. Undercooked liver and raw sausages containing the liver of pigs and wild boar are at high risk of containing HEV. However, so far, no standardized method for the detection of HEV-RNA in pig liver is available. Methods: An international collaborative study on method reproducibility involving 11 laboratories was performed for an HEV-RNA detection method, which consists of steps of sample homogenization, RNA extraction and real-time RT-PCR detection, including a process control. Naturally contaminated pork liver samples containing two different amounts of HEV and a HEV-negative pork liver sample were tested by all laboratories using the method. Results: Valid results were retrieved from 10 laboratories. A specificity of 100% and a sensitivity of 79% were calculated for the method. False negative results were only retrieved from the sample containing very low HEV amounts near the detection limit. Conclusions: The results show that the method is highly specific, sufficiently sensitive and robust for use in different laboratories. The method can, therefore, be applied to routine food control as well as in monitoring studies.

scholarly journals 290. Hepatitis E Virus Serostatus: A Retrospective Assessment of Demographics and Comorbidities to Assess High-risk Populations

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S158-S158
Author(s):  
Eric C Stone ◽  
Zerelda Esquer Garrigos ◽  
Muhammad R Sohail ◽  
Raymund R Razonable ◽  
John C O’Horo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Positive Serology ◽  
Serologic Testing ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background Demographic and epidemiologic characteristics of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infected patients in the United States are not well-described. HEV infection may result in severe complications and lead to chronic infection and cirrhosis, especially in immunocompromised patients. There are no widely accepted guidelines for HEV screening and testing in the United States. Identifying traits of known seropositive patients and comorbidities may inform better screening and prevention strategies. In this study, we describe rates of liver disease, transplant status, chronic kidney diseases, and diabetes mellitus among patients serologically tested for HEV at our institution. Methods We retrospectively reviewed all patients for whom HEV IgM or IgG serologic testing was performed across the Mayo Clinic enterprise using the Advanced Cohort Explorer tool. For patients with any documented HEV serologic test, we abstracted baseline patient characteristics and underlying comorbidities at the time of testing. We then grouped subjects according to serologic testing results by antibody type. Survival at one year from date of testing was also assessed. Results A total of 979 unique subjects were identified. The preponderance of subjects was Caucasian (781, 79.8%). Of subjects tested for HEV with serology, 123 (12.6%) had any positive serology. Breakdown of baseline characteristics and selected comorbidities are summarized in Table 1. The largest proportion of subjects, 458 (46.8%), were both IgG and IgM negative and 432 subjects received only IgM or IgG testing. Liver disease was more prevalent in patients with positive vs. negative testing (5.8% vs. 2.1%) as was higher age (average 55.1 years vs. 52.2). One-year survival was similar in all groups. Conclusion HEV serology is not commonly tested. Among those tested, seropositivity is uncommon. Our data show higher HEV seropositivity in older adults, which may represent increase risk of exposure over time. Higher percentage of positive testing was also observed in subjects with liver disease, which may indicate a possible etiologic association. Further population-based studies are needed to estimate prevalence of HEV infection and associated liver disease, outcomes in infected patients, and indications for testing in at-risk populations. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

Hepatitis E virus genome in stools of hepatitis patients during large epidemic in north India

The Lancet ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 338 (8770) ◽  
pp. 783-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ray ◽  
G.P. Talwar ◽  
R. Aggarwal ◽  
P.N. Salunke ◽  
S.R. Naik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
North India

An analysis of two open reading frames (ORF3 and ORF4) of rat hepatitis E virus genome using its infectious cDNA clones with mutations in ORF3 or ORF4

2018 ◽  
Vol 249 ◽  
pp. 16-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanggis ◽  
Tominari Kobayashi ◽  
Masaharu Takahashi ◽  
Suljid Jirintai ◽  
Tsutomu Nishizawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Reading Frames

scholarly journals Hepatitis E virus genome detection in commercial pork livers and pork meat products in Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivas Reddy Pallerla ◽  
Sonja Schembecker ◽  
Christian G. Meyer ◽  
Le Thi Kieu Linh ◽  
Reimar Johne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Pork Meat

scholarly journals The Nucleotides on the Stem-Loop RNA Structure in the Junction Region of the Hepatitis E Virus Genome Are Critical for Virus Replication

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (24) ◽  
pp. 13040-13044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianjun Cao ◽  
Yao-Wei Huang ◽  
Xiang-Jin Meng
Keyword(s):  
Virus Replication ◽  
Intergenic Region ◽  
Rna Structure ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Reporter Genes ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Junction Region ◽  
Stem Loop ◽  
Huh7 Cells

ABSTRACT The roles of conserved nucleotides on the stem-loop (SL) structure in the intergenic region of the hepatitis E virus (HEV) genome in virus replication were determined by using Huh7 cells transfected with HEV SL mutant replicons containing reporter genes. One or two nucleotide mutations of the AGA motif on the loop significantly reduced HEV replication, and three or more nucleotide mutations on the loop abolished HEV replication. Mutations on the stem and of the subgenome start sequence also significantly inhibited HEV replication. The results indicated that both the sequence and the SL structure in the junction region play important roles in HEV replication.

scholarly journals NMR study on the interaction of the conserved CREX ‘stem–loop’ in the Hepatitis E virus genome with a naphthyridine-based ligand

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (37) ◽  
pp. 9665-9672 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Dyubankova ◽  
M. Froeyen ◽  
M. Abramov ◽  
H. P. Mattelaer ◽  
P. Herdewijn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Modeling ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Stem Loop ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Nmr Study ◽  
Rna Duplexes

A 2-amino-1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is described to bind single guanine bulges in RNA–DNA and RNA–RNA duplexes was synthesized and its interaction with the single G bulge in the conserved CREX of the Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) genome was explored by NMR and molecular modeling.

scholarly journals Detection and characterization of infectious Hepatitis E virus from commercial pig livers sold in local grocery stores in the USA

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 912-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Feagins ◽  
T. Opriessnig ◽  
D. K. Guenette ◽  
P. G. Halbur ◽  
X.-J. Meng
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Infectious Hepatitis ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Genotype 3 ◽  
Pig Liver ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
The Usa

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a zoonotic pathogen of which pigs are reservoirs. To determine the presence of HEV RNA in commercial pig livers sold in local grocery stores in the USA, 127 packages of commercial pig liver were purchased and tested by a universal RT-PCR assay capable of detecting all four known HEV genotypes. Among the 127 livers tested, 14 were positive for HEV RNA. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses revealed that the 14 isolates all belonged to genotype 3. An animal study was subsequently conducted in pigs to determine whether the PCR-positive pig livers still contained infectious virus. The results showed that pigs inoculated with two of the three PCR-positive pig-liver homogenates became infected, as evidenced by the detection of faecal virus shedding, viraemia and seroconversion. The data demonstrated that commercial pig livers sold in grocery stores are contaminated by HEV and that the contaminating virus remains infectious, thus raising a public-health concern for food-borne HEV infection.

scholarly journals Detection of hepatitis E virus genome in pig livers in Antioquia, Colombia

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 2890-2899 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Gutiérrez-Vergara ◽  
J. Quintero ◽  
J.F. Duarte ◽  
J.P. Suescún ◽  
A. López-Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Virus Genome
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