scholarly journals NMR study on the interaction of the conserved CREX ‘stem–loop’ in the Hepatitis E virus genome with a naphthyridine-based ligand

2015 ◽  
Vol 13 (37) ◽  
pp. 9665-9672 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Dyubankova ◽  
M. Froeyen ◽  
M. Abramov ◽  
H. P. Mattelaer ◽  
P. Herdewijn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Modeling ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Stem Loop ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Nmr Study ◽  
Rna Duplexes

A 2-amino-1,8-naphthyridine derivative that is described to bind single guanine bulges in RNA–DNA and RNA–RNA duplexes was synthesized and its interaction with the single G bulge in the conserved CREX of the Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) genome was explored by NMR and molecular modeling.

scholarly journals The Nucleotides on the Stem-Loop RNA Structure in the Junction Region of the Hepatitis E Virus Genome Are Critical for Virus Replication

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (24) ◽  
pp. 13040-13044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianjun Cao ◽  
Yao-Wei Huang ◽  
Xiang-Jin Meng
Keyword(s):  
Virus Replication ◽  
Intergenic Region ◽  
Rna Structure ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Reporter Genes ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Junction Region ◽  
Stem Loop ◽  
Huh7 Cells

ABSTRACT The roles of conserved nucleotides on the stem-loop (SL) structure in the intergenic region of the hepatitis E virus (HEV) genome in virus replication were determined by using Huh7 cells transfected with HEV SL mutant replicons containing reporter genes. One or two nucleotide mutations of the AGA motif on the loop significantly reduced HEV replication, and three or more nucleotide mutations on the loop abolished HEV replication. Mutations on the stem and of the subgenome start sequence also significantly inhibited HEV replication. The results indicated that both the sequence and the SL structure in the junction region play important roles in HEV replication.

scholarly journals RNA 5′-Triphosphatase Activity of the Hepatitis E Virus Helicase Domain

2010 ◽  
Vol 84 (18) ◽  
pp. 9637-9641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogesh A. Karpe ◽  
Kavita S. Lole
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Open Reading Frame ◽  
Helicase Domain ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Essential Step ◽  
Positive Sense ◽  
Rna Triphosphatase ◽  
Rna Duplexes ◽  
Open Reading Frame 1

ABSTRACT Hepatitis E virus (HEV) has a positive-sense RNA genome with a 5′-m7G cap. HEV open reading frame 1 (ORF1) encodes a polyprotein with multiple enzyme domains required for replication. HEV helicase is a nucleoside triphosphatase (NTPase) with the ability to unwind RNA duplexes in the 5′-to-3′ direction. When incubated with 5′-[γ-32P]RNA and 5′-[α-32P]RNA, HEV helicase released 32P only from 5′-[γ-32P]RNA, showing specificity for the γ-β-triphosphate bond. Removal of γ-phosphate from the 5′ end of the primary transcripts (pppRNA to ppRNA) by RNA triphosphatase is an essential step during cap formation. It is suggested that HEV employs the helicase to mediate the first step of 5′ cap synthesis.

Hepatitis E virus genome in stools of hepatitis patients during large epidemic in north India

The Lancet ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 338 (8770) ◽  
pp. 783-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ray ◽  
G.P. Talwar ◽  
R. Aggarwal ◽  
P.N. Salunke ◽  
S.R. Naik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
North India

scholarly journals Novel hepatitis E like virus found in Swedish moose

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Lin ◽  
Heléne Norder ◽  
Henrik Uhlhorn ◽  
Sándor Belák ◽  
Frederik Widén
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Stem Loop ◽  
Novel Virus ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Transmission Pathways

A novel virus was detected in a sample collected from a Swedish moose (Alces alces). The virus was suggested as a member of the Hepeviridae family, although it was found to be highly divergent from the known four genotypes (gt1–4) of hepatitis E virus (HEV). Moose are regularly hunted for consumption in the whole of Scandinavia. Thus, the finding of this virus may be important from several aspects: (a) as a new diverged HEV in a new animal species, and (b) potential unexplored HEV transmission pathways for human infections. Considering these aspects, we have started the molecular characterization of this virus. A 5.1 kb amplicon was sequenced, and corresponded to the partial ORF1, followed by complete ORF2, ORF3 and poly(A) sequence. In comparison with existing HEVs, the moose HEV genome showed a general nucleotide sequence similarity of 37–63 % and an extensively divergent putative ORF3 sequence. The junction region between the ORFs was also highly divergent; however, two putative secondary stem–loop structures were retained when compared to gt1–4, but with altered structural appearance. In the phylogenetic analysis, the moose HEV deviated and formed its own branch between the gt1–4 and other divergent animal HEVs. The characterization of this highly divergent genome provides important information regarding the diversity of HEV infecting various mammalian species. However, further studies are needed to investigate its prevalence in the moose populations and possibly in other host species, including the risk for human infection.

An analysis of two open reading frames (ORF3 and ORF4) of rat hepatitis E virus genome using its infectious cDNA clones with mutations in ORF3 or ORF4

2018 ◽  
Vol 249 ◽  
pp. 16-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanggis ◽  
Tominari Kobayashi ◽  
Masaharu Takahashi ◽  
Suljid Jirintai ◽  
Tsutomu Nishizawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Reading Frames

scholarly journals Hepatitis E virus genome detection in commercial pork livers and pork meat products in Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivas Reddy Pallerla ◽  
Sonja Schembecker ◽  
Christian G. Meyer ◽  
Le Thi Kieu Linh ◽  
Reimar Johne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Pork Meat

scholarly journals Detection of hepatitis E virus genome in pig livers in Antioquia, Colombia

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 2890-2899 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Gutiérrez-Vergara ◽  
J. Quintero ◽  
J.F. Duarte ◽  
J.P. Suescún ◽  
A. López-Herrera
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Virus Genome

scholarly journals Detection and quantification of hepatitis E virus genome in pig liver samples originating from Serbian retail establishments

2021 ◽  
Vol 854 (1) ◽  
pp. 012059
Author(s):  
L Milojevic ◽  
B Velebit ◽  
M Dimitrijevic ◽  
V Djordjevic ◽  
V Jankovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Risk ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Target Tissue ◽  
Pig Liver ◽  
Wild Pigs ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
One Year

Abstract Hepatitis E is considered an emerging human viral disease with a zoonotic nature, and domestic and wild pigs are the main reservoirs of hepatitis E virus (HEV) among animals. Pork liver is the target tissue of this virus. This study aimed to investigate the presence of HEV in commercial pig liver samples. Sixty samples were collected during one year from different retail outlets in Serbia. Furthermore, the collected samples were separated by four seasons, and every season included three months. The presence of HEV in the livers was examined by molecular analysis using RT-qPCR. The overall prevalence of the virus in analysed pig livers was 5%. HEV was detected in three livers, two in the first season and one in the second, while in the third and fourth season, no positive livers were detected. However, there were no statistically significant differences between the surveyed seasons. HEV was quantified in positive livers. Among positive livers, HEV concentrations ranged between 8×101 and 1.9×104 genome copies of the virus per gram. The presence of HEV in commercial pig livers indicates a potential risk for consumers. Appropriate heat treatment of meals during preparation is essential to eliminate the potential risk of developing the illness.

scholarly journals Evolution of the hepatitis E virus hypervariable region

2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (11) ◽  
pp. 2408-2418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald B. Smith ◽  
Jeff Vanek ◽  
Sandeep Ramalingam ◽  
Ingolfur Johannessen ◽  
Kate Templeton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Positive Selection ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Hypervariable Region ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Virus Genome ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Specific Sequence ◽  
Virus Genotypes ◽  
Selection For

The presence of a hypervariable (HVR) region within the genome of hepatitis E virus (HEV) remains unexplained. Previous studies have described the HVR as a proline-rich spacer between flanking functional domains of the ORF1 polyprotein. Others have proposed that the region has no function, that it reflects a hypermutable region of the virus genome, that it is derived from the insertion and evolution of host sequences or that it is subject to positive selection. This study attempts to differentiate between these explanations by documenting the evolutionary processes occurring within the HVR. We have measured the diversity of HVR sequences within acutely infected individuals or amongst sequences derived from epidemiologically linked samples and, surprisingly, find relative homogeneity amongst these datasets. We found no evidence of positive selection for amino acid substitution in the HVR. Through an analysis of published sequences, we conclude that the range of HVR diversity observed within virus genotypes can be explained by the accumulation of substitutions and, to a much lesser extent, through deletions or duplications of this region. All published HVR amino acid sequences display a relative overabundance of proline and serine residues that cannot be explained by a local bias towards cytosine in this part of the genome. Although all published HVRs contain one or more SH3-binding PxxP motifs, this motif does not occur more frequently than would be expected from the proportion of proline residues in these sequences. Taken together, these observations are consistent with the hypothesis that the HVR has a structural role that is dependent upon length and amino acid composition, rather than a specific sequence.

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