scholarly journals The performance of smallholder dairy farms in West Java

2021 ◽  
Vol 892 (1) ◽  
pp. 012098
Author(s):  
T B Purwantini ◽  
H P Saliem ◽  
E Ariningsih ◽  
Erwidodo ◽  
I S Anugrah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
West Java ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Smallholder Dairy ◽  
Smallholder Dairy Farms

Abstract Small farmers dominate dairy farming in Indonesia, and the average productivity is low. An understanding of the performance of farmers and dairy farming businesses is needed to formulate policies for developing small-scale dairy farms. This study aims to provide information about the performance of dairy farms and recommend policies or measures to develop smallholder dairy farms in West Java. The data used in this paper is taken from the IndoDairy Smallholder Household Survey (ISHS) database, covering 600 dairy farm households selected randomly in Bandung, Garut, Cianjur, and Bogor Districts. Data collection took place between August and September 2017. A purposive and proportional random sampling method was utilized to select the samples. Data were analyzed by using descriptive statistical analysis. The results show that the main income activity of households (80%) was dairy farming. In addition to dairy farming, households received 10% of their income from off-farm activities, 8% from horticultural production, 2% from other livestock, and 1% from crop production. On average, dairy herd sizes were 5.6 cows per farm, of which the highest found in Bogor (7.7) and lowest in Garut (3.1). The results also show that milk production per cow ranged from 14.1 to 15.2 liters/day/lactating cows, with an average of 14.9 liters/day/lactating cows. Policies and efforts to increase milk production, productivity, and quality of fresh milk through improving feed technology and better dairy farming management are critically important to increasing smallholder dairy farmers’ income in Indonesia, especially in West Java.

Diet factors and subclinical laminitis score in lactating cows of smallholder dairy farms in Thailand

2013 ◽  
Vol 155 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 197-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Pilachai ◽  
J.Th. Schonewille ◽  
C. Thamrongyoswittayakul ◽  
S. Aiumlamai ◽  
C. Wachirapakorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Smallholder Dairy ◽  
Smallholder Dairy Farms

Effect of feeding oat and vetch forages on milk production and quality in smallholder dairy farms in Central Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 1051-1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon W. Mwendia ◽  
Chris M. Mwungu ◽  
Stanley Karanja Ng’ang’a ◽  
David Njenga ◽  
An Notenbaert
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Smallholder Dairy ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Central Kenya ◽  
Smallholder Dairy Farms

scholarly journals Variation in the carbon footprint of milk production on smallholder dairy farms in central Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 265 ◽  
pp. 121780
Author(s):  
Andreas Wilkes ◽  
Shimels Wassie ◽  
Charles Odhong’ ◽  
Simon Fraval ◽  
Suzanne van Dijk
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Smallholder Dairy ◽  
Central Kenya ◽  
Smallholder Dairy Farms

scholarly journals Effects of Calliandra and Sesbania on Daily Milk Production in Dairy Cows on Commercial Smallholder Farms in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
D. N. Makau ◽  
J. A. VanLeeuwen ◽  
G. K. Gitau ◽  
S. L. McKenna ◽  
C. Walton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Smallholder Farms ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Smallholder Dairy ◽  
Daily Milk Production ◽  
Daily Milk ◽  
Smallholder Dairy Farms

There is a growing interest in protein supplementation of dairy-cow diets using leguminous shrubs. The study objective was to ascertain the association between diet supplementation with Calliandra calothyrsus and Sesbania sesban and milk production in dairy cattle on commercial smallholder farms. This trial involved 235 cows from 80 smallholder dairy farms in Kenya randomly allocated to 4 intervention groups: (1) receiving Calliandra and Sesbania and nutritional advice; (2) receiving reproductive medicines and advice; (3) receiving both group 1 and 2 interventions; and (4) receiving neither intervention. Farm nutritional practices and management data were collected in a questionnaire, and subsequent physical examinations, mastitis tests, and milk production of cows on the farm were monitored approximately monthly for 16 months. Descriptive and univariable statistical analyses were conducted, and multivariable mixed-model regression was used for identification of factors associated (P<0.05) with daily milk production. The mean milk production was 6.39 liters/cow/day (SD = 3.5). Feeding Calliandra/Sesbania to cows was associated (P<0.0005) with an increase in milk produced by at least 1 liter/cow/day with each kg fed. Other variables positively associated with ln daily milk production in the final model included feeding of Napier grass, amount of silage and dairy meal fed, body condition score, and appetite of the cow. Other variables negatively associated with ln daily milk production in the final model included amount of maize germ fed, days in milk, sudden feed changes, pregnancy, and subclinical mastitis. In conclusion, our field trial data suggest that use of Calliandra/Sesbania through agroforestry can improve milk production in commercial smallholder dairy farms in Kenya. Agroforestry land use systems can be adopted as a way for dairy farmers to cope with feed shortages and low crude protein in farm-available feeds for their cows.

scholarly journals Comparative occurrence and antibiogram of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli among post-weaned calves and lactating cows from smallholder dairy farms in a parallel animal husbandry area

2021 ◽  
pp. 1311-1318
Author(s):  
Chya Vannakovida ◽  
Kannika Na Lampang ◽  
Phongsakorn Chuammitri ◽  
Veerasak Punyapornwithaya ◽  
Khwanchai Kreausukon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Zone Diameter ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Smallholder Dairy ◽  
Smallholder Dairy Farms

Background and Aim: Inappropriate overuse of antimicrobials might be associated with the spreading of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in animal-based food products. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli have been recognized as an emerging global problem in a One Health approach. This study aimed to assess the occurrence and antimicrobial-susceptible profiles of ESBL-producing E. coli among post-weaned calves and lactating cows in a parallel animal husbandry area. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two pool fecal samples were collected from 36 smallholder dairy farms registered in Ban Hong Dairy Cooperatives, Lamphun Province, Thailand. Pre-enriched fecal samples were cultured in MacConkey agar supplemented with cefotaxime. The potential E. coli isolates were identified by not only biochemical tests but also polymerase chain reaction assay of the 16S rRNA gene. ESBL production was confirmed by the combination disk test. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. Results: The occurrence of ESBL-producing E. coli at the farm level was 80.56%. The different phenotypic antibiogram of ESBL-producing E. coli was observed among post-weaned calf and lactating cow specimens. The most frequent resistance patterns of ESBL-producing isolates from both groups were amoxicillin-ceftiofur-cephalexin-cephalothin-cloxacillin-streptomycin-oxytetracycline-sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. For the median zone diameter, enrofloxacin-resistant isolates with narrow zone diameter values from lactating cow specimens were particularly more than post-weaned calf specimens (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings revealed the dynamic changes in ESBL-producing E. coli from calves and lactating cows in Lamphun Province, posing the inevitability to prevent bacterial transmission and optimize antimicrobial therapy in dairy farming.

scholarly journals Accuracy of estimates of milk production per lactation from limited test-day and recall data collected at smallholder dairy farms

2020 ◽  
Vol 232 ◽  
pp. 103911 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Migose ◽  
A. van der Linden ◽  
B.O. Bebe ◽  
I.J.M. de Boer ◽  
S.J. Oosting
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Recall Data ◽  
Smallholder Dairy ◽  
Smallholder Dairy Farms

scholarly journals Assessment of Performance and Some Welfare Indicators of Cows in Vietnamese Smallholder Dairy Farms

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 674
Author(s):  
Nguyen N. Bang ◽  
Nguyen V. Chanh ◽  
Nguyen X. Trach ◽  
Duong N. Khang ◽  
Ben J. Hayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
The South ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
The North ◽  
Smallholder Dairy ◽  
Smallholder Dairy Farms

Smallholder dairy farms (SDFs) are distributed widely across lowland and highland regions in Vietnam, but data on the productivity and welfare status of these cows remains limited. This cross-sectional study was conducted to describe and compare the productivity and welfare status of SDF cows across contrasting regions. It was conducted in autumn 2017 on 32 SDFs randomly selected from four typical but contrasting dairy regions (eight SDFs per region); a south lowland, a south highland, a north lowland, and a north highland region. Each farm was visited over a 24-h period (an afternoon followed by a morning milking and adjacent husbandry activities) to collect data of individual lactating cows (n = 345) and dry cows (n = 123), which included: milk yield and concentrations, body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS, 5-point scale, 5 = very fat), inseminations per conception, and level of heat stress experienced (panting score, 4.5-point scale, 0 = no stress). The high level of heat stress (96% of lactating cows were moderate to highly heat-stressed in the afternoon), low energy corrected milk yield (15.7 kg/cow/d), low percentage of lactating cows (37.3% herd), low BW (498 and 521 kg in lactating and dry cows, respectively), and low BCS of lactating cows (2.8) were the most important productivity and welfare concerns determined and these were most serious in the south lowland. By contrast, cows in the north lowland, a relatively hot but new dairying region, performed similarly to those in the south highland; a region historically considered to be one of the most suitable for dairy cows in Vietnam due to its cool environment. This indicates the potential to mitigate heat stress through new husbandry strategies. Cows in the north highland had the highest BW (535 and 569 kg in lactating and dry cows, respectively) and the highest energy corrected milk yield (19.2 kg/cow/d). Cows in all regions were heat-stressed during the daytime, although less so in the highlands compared to the lowlands. Opportunities for research into improving the productivity and welfare of Vietnamese SDF cows are discussed.

scholarly journals Issues of Feeding Strategy for Lactating Cows in Vietnamese Smallholder Dairy Farms

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 729
Author(s):  
Nguyen N. Bang ◽  
Nguyen V. Chanh ◽  
Nguyen X. Trach ◽  
Duong N. Khang ◽  
Ben J. Hayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Nutrient Balance ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Diet Formulation ◽  
Feeding Regimes ◽  
Dietary Nutrient ◽  
Smallholder Dairy Farms

A limited literature suggests relatively simple feeding regimes and diet formulation strategies for dairy cows in Vietnamese smallholder dairy farms (SDFs). This study aimed to classify and compare feeding regimes and nutrient balance for lactating cows between four typical dairy regions (south lowland, south highland, north lowland, and north highland) in Vietnam and evaluate the possibility of systematic dietary imbalance. Eight SDFs from each of the four regions were visited for two adjacent milking periods per farm. For each visit, frequency and methods of feed and water supply to the lactating cows were recorded, and individual fat corrected milk yield (ECM) of lactating cows were calculated from milk yield and fat concentration. The amount of each diet ingredient offered and refused by each lactating group was weighed and sampled for calculation of dry matter intake per cow (DMI) and analysis of nutrient composition in the component offered. PCDairy, a diet formulation computer model, was used to calculate actual and recommended dietary nutrient concentrations and predict potential milk production. Factor analysis, cluster analysis, and ANOVA were applied to determine grouping effects across as well as between regions. Feeding regimes and diets were grouped into three and nine clusters, respectively. Farmers in the same region tended to apply similar diets and feeding regimes. Across regions, only 47% of all SDFs supplied water ad libitum to the cows. The most used roughages including Napier grass, corn silage, fresh corn with cob, and rice straw were all relatively high in neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL). The diets in all regions were excessive in crude protein, NDF, ADF, ADL, and most minerals (Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, S, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn) but insufficient in net energy and non-fibre carbohydrate. Feed efficiency (1.06 kg FCM/kg DMI) of the diets were sub-optimal. Feeding regimes and dietary nutrient balance of the south lowland SDFs were most problematic. Increasing dietary net energy concentration by increasing the use of starch and fat and decreasing dietary fibre concentration by decreasing the use of Napier grass or rice straw to balance the diets might help improve the milk production and thereby increase feed efficiency.

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