The impact of Covid-19 pandemic on water supplies and wastewater sewer system

Abstract Besides other issues, the global pandemic caused by SARS CoV-2 also brought a number of water management questions which mainly concern the likelihood of virus spread through drinking water and possible contamination of wastewater. This paper reviews principal data on the virus and the recent course of the pandemics. It shows that there is no risk of the virus spread through drinking water and that drinking water disinfection is sufficiently effective. On the contrary, wastewater was observed for SARS CoV-2 RNA particles. As a result, a number of papers deal with research in the observation of the virus in wastewater, which may become an early-warning tool before an epidemic develops. The monitoring of the virus in wastewaters may also enable researchers to predict the course of Covid-19 illness rates in the future.

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Impact of Particulate Matter on Distribution System Disinfection Efficacy

Water Quality Research Journal ◽

10.2166/wqrj.2008.007 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 43 (1) ◽

pp. 55-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Linda Wojcicka ◽

Carole Baxter ◽

Ron Hofmann

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Distribution System ◽

Contact Time ◽

Water Disinfection ◽

Sphingomonas Paucimobilis ◽

Soil Corrosion ◽

Log Reduction ◽

Drinking Water Disinfection ◽

The Impact

Abstract Microorganisms have been shown to survive drinking water disinfection and remain viable in disinfected waters despite the presence of disinfectant residuals. This may be partially attributed to protection by particulate matter. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the presence of particulate matter on disinfection kinetics. Sphingomonas paucimobilis ATCC 10829 and Helicobacter pylori ATCC 43504 were used in inactivation experiments in the presence and absence of soil, corrosion, and wastewater particles. The results showed that the presence of such particles tended to inhibit chlorine and monochloramine inactivation, although the magnitude of the impact under the conditions tested was small (e.g., 1-log reduction in inactivation for several minutes of contact time in the presence of less than 1 mg/L of disinfectant).

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Both viable and inactivated amoeba spores protect their intracellular bacteria from drinking water disinfection

Journal of Hazardous Materials ◽

10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 417 ◽

pp. 126006

Author(s):

Zhenzhen He ◽

Luting Wang ◽

Yuexian Ge ◽

Siyi Zhang ◽

Yuehui Tian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Disinfection ◽

Intracellular Bacteria ◽

Drinking Water Disinfection

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Mammalian cell cytotoxicity and genotoxicity analysis of drinking water disinfection by-products

Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis ◽

10.1002/em.10092 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 40 (2) ◽

pp. 134-142 ◽

Cited By ~ 243

Author(s):

Michael J. Plewa ◽

Yahya Kargalioglu ◽

Danielle Vankerk ◽

Roger A. Minear ◽

Elizabeth D. Wagner

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Mammalian Cell ◽

Water Disinfection ◽

Cell Cytotoxicity ◽

Drinking Water Disinfection ◽

By Products

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Detection of genotoxic effects of drinking water disinfection by-products using Vicia faba bioassay

Environmental Science and Pollution Research ◽

10.1007/s11356-016-7873-9 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 1509-1517 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Yu Hu ◽

Li Tan ◽

Shao-Hui Zhang ◽

Yu-Ting Zuo ◽

Xue Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Vicia Faba ◽

Water Disinfection ◽

Genotoxic Effects ◽

Drinking Water Disinfection ◽

By Products

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Balancing the risks and benefits of drinking water disinfection: disability adjusted life-years on the scale.

Environmental Health Perspectives ◽

10.1289/ehp.00108315 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 108 (4) ◽

pp. 315-321 ◽

Cited By ~ 65

Author(s):

A H Havelaar ◽

A E De Hollander ◽

P F Teunis ◽

E G Evers ◽

H J Van Kranen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drinking Water ◽

Water Disinfection ◽

Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽

Risks And Benefits ◽

Disability Adjusted Life ◽

Life Years ◽

Drinking Water Disinfection

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Present challenges for future water sustainable cities: a case study from Italy

Drinking Water Engineering and Science Discussions ◽

10.5194/dwesd-6-151-2013 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 151-166

Author(s):

L. Bonzanigo ◽

G. Sinnona

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Management Practices ◽

Sustainable Use ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Sustainable Cities ◽

Adaptation Measures ◽

The Future ◽

Italian Context ◽

The Impact

Abstract. The global population is increasingly concentrated in cities. Cities and urban areas face many challenges – economic, social, health and environmental – which are often exacerbated by an increase in the frequency of natural disasters. Together, these challenges call for a shift towards sustainable cities which reduce their impact on the surrounding environment, whilst at the same time succeeding to make resources available to their increasing number of inhabitants. This article explores the state of the art of water management practices of the highly urbanised Northern Italian region and plans and scope for the future development of water management. Although the region is at present not under severe water stress, recently some cities faced water scarcity problems and were forced to implement water rationing. We assessed the vulnerability of Parma and Ferrara to a water crisis, together with the regular and emergency adaptation measures already in place, and the forecast for the near future. In two workshops, the authors adapted the Australian concept of Water Sensitive Urban Design for the Italian context. Although the population remains generally unaware of the impact of the two latest severe drought events (2003 and 2006/7), many adaptation measures towards a more sustainable use of the water resource are already in place – technically, institutionally, and individually. Water managers consider however that the drastic and definite changes needed to integrate the urban water management cycle, and which minimise the ecological footprint of urban spaces, lay far in the future.

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