scholarly journals Effects of Megasphaera elsdenii supplementation on fermentation and lactic acid concentration in the rumen: A meta-analysis of in vivo experiments

2021 ◽  
Vol 902 (1) ◽  
pp. 012022
Author(s):  
I Susanto ◽  
A Jayanegara ◽  
K G Wiryawan
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Lactic Acid Concentration ◽  
Fermentation Products

Abstract This study evaluated the effects of supplementation M. elsdenii on rumen fermentation and lactic acid concentration in vivo by integrating data from various related studies using a meta-analysis. A database was developed by integrating data from 72 treatments that originated from 17 articles. The parameters integrated were lactic acid concentration, fermentation products, and rumen microbial population. The database compiled was statistically analyzed using a mixed model methodology. Different studies were considered as random effects, and the doses of M. elsdenii were treated as fixed effects. The significance of an effect was stated when its p-value was <0.05. Results showed that supplementation of M. elsdenii linearly reduced lactic acid concentration (P=0.048), proportion of acetate (P=0.045), acetate: propionate ratio (P=0.043) and methane production (P<0.01). In addition, M. elsdenii supplementation also had a significant quadratic effect to increase total VFA (P<0.01) and linearly with pH (P<0.01), proportion of propionate (P=0.037), and valerate proportion (P=0.037). However, supplementation of M. elsdenii did not significantly affect (P>0.05) isobutyrate, isovalerate proportion, and protozoa population in the rumen. It can be concluded that M. elsdenii supplementation is proven to reduce lactic acid concentration, maintain rumen pH, reduce methane production and increase some rumen fermentation products.

scholarly journals Ensiling corn silage with different levels of a multi-species lactic acid bacteria inoculant

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 165
Author(s):  
H. Mohammadzadeh ◽  
M. Khorvash ◽  
G. R. Ghorbani
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Lactic Acid Concentration ◽  
Fermentation Products ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fibre ◽  
Aerobic Stability

A multi-species lactic acid bacterial inoculant (Lactisil maize, LM) was applied to whole-crop corn at different maturities in laboratory silos, to evaluate its effects on biochemical characteristics and aerobic stability. The corn crop was harvested at hard dough (HD, 253.1 g/DM kg), one-third milkline (ML, 293.7 g/DM kg) and one-third milkline with a killing frost (MLF, 297.6 g/DM kg). Crops were chopped to a 2.5-cm theoretical cut length, subsampled and treated with two levels of inoculant (LB1 = 1.5 × 105 cfu/g forage, LB2 = 3 × 105 cfu/g forage) or untreated (WO). The chemical composition of MLF crops was very similar to that of ML crops. However, lower (P < 0.01) numbers of lactic acid bacteria and higher numbers of yeast were enumerated in MLF than in ML crops. Higher percentages of DM and neutral detergent fibre and higher pH, but lower (P < 0.01) concentrations of water soluble carbohydrate and crude protein were measured in ML and MLF crops than in HD crops. Application of the inoculant increased (P < 0.01) concentrations of volatile fatty acids, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre in silages. Lactic acid concentration increased (P < 0.01) in HD treatments with an increasing level of inoculant. In contrast, the highest (P < 0.01) lactic acid concentration was measured in LB1 treatment compared with WO and LB2 in ML and MLF silages. Silages prepared from ML and MLF crops had higher (P < 0.01) lactic and acetic acid concentrations but lower (P < 0.01) butyric acid concentrations than did those prepared from HD. The pH in LB1 and LB2 silages was higher (P < 0.01) than that measured in WO silages. Aerobic stability was not influenced by inoculant treatment but low-DM silages were more (P < 0.01) resistant to spoilage. Frost-killed corn crops had a good potential to produce well fermented silage. Using LM resulted in silages with slightly higher fermentation products but it failed to improve aerobic stability of silage after 120 days of ensiling. These results indicated that inoculation of corn crops with LM for a short-duration ensilage period cannot enhance aerobic stability of silages due to insufficient acetic acid production from lactic acid conversion.

scholarly journals Vaginal pH measured in vivo: lactobacilli determine pH and lactic acid concentration

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deirdre Elizabeth O’Hanlon ◽  
Richard A. Come ◽  
Thomas R. Moench
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Lactic Acid Concentration ◽  
Vaginal Ph

scholarly journals The Utilisation of Tannin Extract as a Dietary Additive in Ruminant Nutrition: A Meta-Analysis

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3317
Author(s):  
Yulianri Rizki Yanza ◽  
Ainissya Fitri ◽  
Bambang Suwignyo ◽  
Elfahmi ◽  
Nanik Hidayatik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Tannin Extract ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The objective of this meta-analysis was to elucidate whether there are general underlying effects of dietary tannin extract supplementation on rumen fermentation, digestibility, methane production, performance, as well as N utilisation in ruminants. A total of 70 papers comprised of 348 dietary treatments (from both in vivo and in situ studies) were included in the study. The database was then statistically analysed by the mixed model methodology, in which different experiments were considered as random effects and tannin-related factors were treated as fixed effects. The results revealed that an increased level of tannin extract inclusion in the diet lowered ruminant intake, digestibility, and production performance. Furthermore, the evidence also showed that an increased level of tannin extract decreased animal N utilisation where most of rumen by-pass protein was not absorbed well in the small intestine and directly excreted in the faeces. Due to the type of tannin extract, HT is more favourable to maintain nutrient intake, digestibility, and production performance and to mitigate methane production instead of CT, particularly when supplemented at low (<1%) to moderate (~3%) levels.

scholarly journals Polo-Like Kinase 4 (PLK4) Is Overexpressed in Central Nervous System Neuroblastoma (CNS-NB)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Bailey ◽  
Amreena Suri ◽  
Pauline Chou ◽  
Tatiana Pundy ◽  
Samantha Gadd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Embryonal Tumors ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Embryonal Brain

Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial solid tumor in pediatrics, with rare occurrences of primary and metastatic tumors in the central nervous system (CNS). We previously reported the overexpression of the polo-like kinase 4 (PLK4) in embryonal brain tumors. PLK4 has also been found to be overexpressed in a variety of peripheral adult tumors and recently in peripheral NB. Here, we investigated PLK4 expression in NBs of the CNS (CNS-NB) and validated our findings by performing a multi-platform transcriptomic meta-analysis using publicly available data. We evaluated the PLK4 expression by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) on the CNS-NB samples and compared the relative expression levels among other embryonal and non-embryonal brain tumors. The relative PLK4 expression levels of the NB samples were found to be significantly higher than the non-embryonal brain tumors (p-value < 0.0001 in both our samples and in public databases). Here, we expand upon our previous work that detected PLK4 overexpression in pediatric embryonal tumors to include CNS-NB. As we previously reported, inhibiting PLK4 in embryonal tumors led to decreased tumor cell proliferation, survival, invasion and migration in vitro and tumor growth in vivo, and therefore PLK4 may be a potential new therapeutic approach to CNS-NB.

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