scholarly journals The Utilisation of Tannin Extract as a Dietary Additive in Ruminant Nutrition: A Meta-Analysis

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 3317
Author(s):  
Yulianri Rizki Yanza ◽  
Ainissya Fitri ◽  
Bambang Suwignyo ◽  
Elfahmi ◽  
Nanik Hidayatik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Tannin Extract ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The objective of this meta-analysis was to elucidate whether there are general underlying effects of dietary tannin extract supplementation on rumen fermentation, digestibility, methane production, performance, as well as N utilisation in ruminants. A total of 70 papers comprised of 348 dietary treatments (from both in vivo and in situ studies) were included in the study. The database was then statistically analysed by the mixed model methodology, in which different experiments were considered as random effects and tannin-related factors were treated as fixed effects. The results revealed that an increased level of tannin extract inclusion in the diet lowered ruminant intake, digestibility, and production performance. Furthermore, the evidence also showed that an increased level of tannin extract decreased animal N utilisation where most of rumen by-pass protein was not absorbed well in the small intestine and directly excreted in the faeces. Due to the type of tannin extract, HT is more favourable to maintain nutrient intake, digestibility, and production performance and to mitigate methane production instead of CT, particularly when supplemented at low (<1%) to moderate (~3%) levels.

Prediction of in vivo organic matter digestibility of beef cattle diets from degradation parameters estimated from in situ and in vitro incubations

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 711-720
Author(s):  
Pedro Del Bianco Benedeti ◽  
Sebastião de Campos Valadares Filho ◽  
Diego Zanetti ◽  
Fabyano Fonseca e Silva ◽  
Breno de Castro Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Stepwise Regression ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Water Soluble

AbstractThe objective of this meta-analysis study was to develop and validate equations estimated from in situ and in vitro methods to predict in vivo ruminal digestibility of organic matter (OM) of beef cattle diets. The database was composed of individual data of 23 diets from six experiments. Information collected from these studies was: in vivo digestibility and degradation parameters of OM calculated from in situ and in vitro incubations. The values of estimated times for the in situ and in vitro incubations to access in vivo digestibility of OM, and differences between degradation at 24, 48 and 72 h (in situ and in vitro) and in vivo digestibility were analysed in a model that included the fixed effects of forage neutral detergent fibre level. Thereafter, a multiple stepwise regression was carried out using OM digestibility as a dependent variable and degradation parameters (A = water-soluble fraction; B = potentially degradable water-insoluble fraction; and kd = degradation rate of fraction B) as independent variables. Equation validation was performed using data from a seventh experiment that have the same methods than previous studies. Stepwise regression results showed that the kd contributed significantly in most of the algorithms derived to predict in vivo digestibility. Validation analysis showed that equations developed from both in vitro and in situ incubations accurately estimated the in vivo digestibility of OM (P > 0.05). Our results suggest that equations developed to estimate OM digestibility showed both precision and accuracy; however, in situ method presented better results than in vitro.

scholarly journals Effects of Megasphaera elsdenii supplementation on fermentation and lactic acid concentration in the rumen: A meta-analysis of in vivo experiments

2021 ◽  
Vol 902 (1) ◽  
pp. 012022
Author(s):  
I Susanto ◽  
A Jayanegara ◽  
K G Wiryawan
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Lactic Acid Concentration ◽  
Fermentation Products

Abstract This study evaluated the effects of supplementation M. elsdenii on rumen fermentation and lactic acid concentration in vivo by integrating data from various related studies using a meta-analysis. A database was developed by integrating data from 72 treatments that originated from 17 articles. The parameters integrated were lactic acid concentration, fermentation products, and rumen microbial population. The database compiled was statistically analyzed using a mixed model methodology. Different studies were considered as random effects, and the doses of M. elsdenii were treated as fixed effects. The significance of an effect was stated when its p-value was <0.05. Results showed that supplementation of M. elsdenii linearly reduced lactic acid concentration (P=0.048), proportion of acetate (P=0.045), acetate: propionate ratio (P=0.043) and methane production (P<0.01). In addition, M. elsdenii supplementation also had a significant quadratic effect to increase total VFA (P<0.01) and linearly with pH (P<0.01), proportion of propionate (P=0.037), and valerate proportion (P=0.037). However, supplementation of M. elsdenii did not significantly affect (P>0.05) isobutyrate, isovalerate proportion, and protozoa population in the rumen. It can be concluded that M. elsdenii supplementation is proven to reduce lactic acid concentration, maintain rumen pH, reduce methane production and increase some rumen fermentation products.

scholarly journals Effect of zinc on the immune response and production performance of broilers: a meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecep Hidayat ◽  
Anuraga Jayanegara ◽  
Elizabeth Wina
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Organic Zinc ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Inorganic And Organic

Objective: This study performed a meta-analysis of published trials to determine the effects of zinc on the immune response and production performance of broilers.Methods: A database was built from published literature regarding the addition of zinc forms or doses and their relation to the immune response and production performance of broilers. Different doses or forms of zinc were identified in the database. The recorded parameters were related to the immune response and production performance. The database contained a total of 323 data points from 41 studies that met the criteria. Then, the data were processed for a meta-analysis using a mixed model methodology. The doses or different forms of zinc were considered fixed effects, different studies were treated as random effects, and p-values were used as the model statistics.Results: An increase in zinc dose increased (p<0.05) pancreas metallothionein (MT) and zinc concentrations in the plasma, tibia and meat, all in quadratic patterns, but linearly decreased (p<0.05) the heterophil/lymphocyte (H/L) ratio. Regarding the different zinc forms, both inorganic and organic zinc increased (p<0.05) the zinc concentrations in the plasma and tibia, the calcium and phosphorus contents in the tibia, and the antioxidant activity of superoxide dismutase in meat as compared to control. An increase in zinc dose increased average daily gain (ADG) and decreased feed conversion ratio (FCR) following a quadratic pattern (p<0.05). Inorganic and organic zinc decreased (p<0.05) FCR and H/L ratio than that of control, but these two forms were similar for these parameters.Conclusion: Zinc addition has a positive impact on immunity and broiler production. Zinc can suppress stress and inhibit the occurrence of lipid peroxidation in broilers, and it can also improve ADG, FCR, and the quality of broiler carcasses.

scholarly journals Burnout in nurses: A meta analysis of related factorsHemşirelerde tükenmişlik: İlgili faktörlerin meta analizi

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filiz Kantek ◽  
Kamile Kabukcuoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Personal Accomplishment ◽  
Burnout Syndrome ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Work Shift ◽  
Ebsco Host ◽  
Fail Safe ◽  
Type Of Institution

Burnout syndrome is still among the leading problems of nursing profession. Reduction and prevention of burnout will be possible with a better understanding of the relevant factors. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of certain variables on burnout levels of nurses in Turkey with a meta analysis. The study was conducted with a meta analysis. A number of online databases were reviewed including Turkish Medical Index, Google scholar, National Thesis Center, Pubmed, EBSCO Host, and Web of Science by searching for certain keywords such as  “Emotional exhaustion”, “Depersonalization”, “personal accomplishment”, “burnout”, “nurse”, and “Turkey”  both in Turkish and English. The results of the review indicated that there were 11 studies for sex, 17 studies for marital status, 20 studies for educational status, 7 studies for the type of institution, and 8 studies for willingness to choose nursing and the work shift that were found eligible for the inclusion criteria. The study data were analyzed with CMA. The homogeneity of the studies was tested with Q and I2 values. The study bias was assessed with Orwin’s Fail-Safe N and Tau coefficients. The effect size was calculated with random effects and fixed effects models.  The study findings indicated that burnout was affected by sex, the type of institution, and the work shift at lower levels and by willingness to choose nursing at moderate levels. It was similarly found that depersonalization dimension was affected by the type of institution, the work shift, and willingness to choose nursing at lower levels. ÖzetTükenmişlik hemşireler için hala önemli problemlerden biridir. Tükenmişliğin azaltılması ve önlenmesi ilgili faktörlerin daha iyi anlaşılması ile mümkün olacaktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Meta analiz yöntemi kullanarak Türkiye’deki hemşirelerin tükenmişlik düzeyleri üzerine bazı değişkenlerin etkisini incelemektir. Çalışmada meta analiz yöntemi kullanıldı. İlgili çalışmalara ulaşmak için Türk Tıp Dizini, Google Akademik, YÖK tez merkezi, Pubmed,  EBSCO Host, Web of Science veri tabanları tarandı. Taramada “Tükenmişlik”, “duygusal tükenmişlik”, “Duyarsızlaşma”, “kişisel başarı” “hemşire” ve “Türkiye” anahtar sözcükleri Türkçe ve İngilizce olarak kullanıldı. Cinsiyet için 11, Medeni durum için 17, eğitim durumu için 20, kurum tipi için 7, mesleği isteyerek seçme durumu ve çalışma şekli için 8 çalışma dahil edilme kriterlerine uygundu. Verilerin analizinde CMA istatistik programı kullanıldı. Meta analize dahil edilen çalışmaların homojenliğini test etmek için Q ve I2 değerleri hesaplandı. Yayın yanlılığını test etmek için Orwin’s Fail-Safe N ve Tau-kare katsayısı hesaplaması yapıldı. Etki büyüklüğünün incelenmesinde rastgele etkiler ve sabit etkiler modeli kullanıldı. Bulgular duygusal tükenme üzerine cinsiyet, kurum tipi ve çalışma şeklinin düşük, mesleği isteyerek seçme durumunun orta düzeyde önemli etkiye sahip olduğunu ortaya koydu. Duyarsızlaşma boyutu üzerine kurum tipi, çalışma şekli ve mesleği isteyerek seçme durumu değişkenlerinin düşük düzeyde önemli etkiye sahip olduğu belirlendi.

Effect of lipid supply on in vivo digestion in cows: Comparison of hay and corn silage diets

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Ben Salem ◽  
R. Krzeminski ◽  
A. Ferlay ◽  
M. Doreau
Keyword(s):  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Cellulose Degradation ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Outflow Rate ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Friesian Cows

Four Holstein × Friesian cows with rumen and duodenal cannulae were assigned to a 4 × 4 Latin square design consisting of four experimental diets differing in the nature of forage and the presence or absence of rapeseed oil supplement. Dietary treatments were composed of 60% grassland hay and 40% production concentrate (diet H), and of 65% corn silage, 28% production concentrate and 7% soybean meal (diet S). Each diet was also supplied with 7% rapeseed oil. These supplemented diets are designated respectively HO and SO. Digestibility of organic matter was 69.0, 67.5, 73.6 and 70.0% for diets H, HO, S and SO, respectively. The differences were mainly due to variations in NDF digestibility: 55.0, 50.4, 56.9 and 46.9% for diets H, HO, S and SO, respectively. These results are consistent with variations in VFA concentration and composition. However, differences among diets in in situ cellulose degradation were lower than expected. Starch and nitrogen degradation measured in situ, and ruminal outflow rate of liquid and solids were not modified by lipid supply. Hydrogenation of linoleic and linolenic acids was high (mean 88.9 and 89.5%, respectively) and did not depend on the diet. Key words: Cow, digestion, rumen, lipid supply

Risk of fall and clinical fracture associated with androgen receptor inhibitors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 71-71
Author(s):  
Zin Myint ◽  
Harry D. Momo ◽  
Danielle E. Otto ◽  
Donglin Yan ◽  
Robert S. DiPaola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Phase Ii ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Increased Risk

71 Background: Patients treated with androgen receptor inhibitors (ARIs) report a higher incidence of falls; although a potential mechanism of action is unknown. This systematic review evaluates the relative risk (RR) of fall and fracture in prostate cancer (PCa) patients that receive ARIs. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive literature search using Cochrane, Scopus and MedlinePlus databases from inception through August 2019, and evaluated all published prospective phase II, III and IV randomized controlled trials that treated PCa patients with ARIs. Reported fall and fractures as adverse events (AEs) were extracted for analysis. Retrospective, phase I, non-randomized phase II, and studies with control arms that used one of the ARIs were excluded. A mixed effects model was used to estimate effects of ARI on the RR, with the included studies treated as random effects and study arms treated as fixed effects in the pooled analysis. Sample size for each study was used to weight the mixed model. Results: Eleven studies met our inclusion criteria. The total population was 11,382; 6536 were in the ARI arm and 4846 in the control (CTL) arm. Study types were: 8 phase III; 2 phase II; 1 phase IV. Subjects in the ARI arm received enzalutamide, apalutamide or darolutamide in combination with androgen deprivation therapy or other enzalutamide combinations while in the CTL arm received placebo, bicalutamide or abiraterone. Treatment duration ranged from 5.4 to 20.5 mo for ARI vs. 5.4 to 18.3 mo for CTL. The reported incidence of fall was 481 (7.4%) in ARI and 201 (4.1%) for CTL. The incidence of fracture was 204 (3.1%) in ARI and 93 (1.9%) in control. The use of ARI was associated with an increased risk: all fall grades (RR 1.83; 95% CI 1.56-2.15; p <0.01); high grade fall (RR 1.69; 95% CI 1.09 – 2.62; p=0.019); all grade fracture (RR 1.56; 95% CI 1.23-1.97; p <0.01) and likely high grade fracture (RR 1.62; 95% CI 0.97 – 2.69; p=0.063). Conclusions: The use of ARI significantly increases falls and fractures in PCa patients as assessed by this meta-analysis study. Further studies would be warranted to identify and understand potential mechanisms and develop strategies to decrease falls and fractures associated with ARI use.

scholarly journals The link between supplementary tannin level and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) formation in ruminants: A meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayudika Aprilia Patindra Purba ◽  
Pramote Paengkoum ◽  
Siwaporn Paengkoum
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Problem Solver ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Dietary Treatments

AbstractThis meta-analysis was conducted to predict and assert a way to discover conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) formation in ruminant-derived products as problem solver of human health issues threated by plant-containing tannins. The objective was to expound, to compare, and to confirm the efficiency of tannins cultivating CLA formation whether using in vitro and/or in vivo study. A database was created using the ruminants with selectively 26 experiments comprising 683 dietary treatments as explained in vitro and in vivo methods that were applied as a statistical SAS 9.4 tool. Basically, increasing level of tannins leaded to an underlying decrease in CLA formation (p<0.001), initially at predicting coefficient determination R2=0.193, R2=0.929, and R2=0.549 for CLA in vitro, in vivo of CLA milk shift, and in vivo of CLA meat precipitation, respectively. In vitro may accurately predict to the in vivo observation. Unfortunately, there were no relationship in vitro towards in vivo observation (R2<0.1). It indicated to be difficult to predict CLA from in vitro to in vivo separately situations. According to all studies, the level of tannin’s utilization for inhibiting biohydrogenation was not exceedingly >50 g/kg DM recommended. Secondly, the in vivo method was more suitable for directly observation that concerned in fatty acid transformation.

scholarly journals PSVIII-10 Effects of enzyme supplementation in corn distiller’s dried grains with solubles (DDGS) diets on growth performance in broilers: a meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 211-211
Author(s):  
Jae-Cheol Jang ◽  
Zhikai Zeng ◽  
Pedro E Urriola ◽  
Gerald C Shurson
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Exogenous Enzymes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Enzyme Supplementation ◽  
Mean Differences

Abstract The objective of this study was to conduct a meta-analysis to quantitatively summarize the growth responses of broilers fed cDDGS and the efficacy of various types of dietary enzyme supplementation. A total of 12 publications with 69 observations were included in the database. Individual observations were analyzed using a multivariable linear mixed model. The mean differences (MD) of BWG, FI, and gain efficiency (G/F) were calculated by subtracting either the enzyme response in corn-soybean meal (CSB) or CSB+cDDGS based diets to the control, and was expressed as a percentage (MD = (enzyme – control)/control ×100%). A type of exogenous enzymes (xylanase; protease; carbohydrases; cocktail = proteases + carbohydrases), and feeding phase (starter = d 0 to d 21; finisher = d 21 to d 42 or 49; overall = d 0 to d 42 or more) were included as fixed effects. Dietary enzyme inclusion showed significant improvement on BWG (3.19%, P &lt; 0.01) and G/F (5.69%, P &lt; 0.01) in broilers fed cDDGS diet. However, no significant enzyme responses were observed in broilers fed CSB diet on growth performance. Broilers fed cDDGS diet had increased (P &lt; 0.01) BWG with the addition of protease (3.32 %) and cocktail (3.27 %), whereas addition of xylanased improved (P &lt; 0.01) G/F by (3.56 %) and carbohydrases (1.90 %). Broilers fed cDDGS diet with enzyme supplementation showed greater improvement in BWG (3.71 %, P &lt; 0.01) and G/F (3.78 %, P &lt; 0.01) at finisher phase compared with starter phase. Likewise, Broilers fed CSB diet with enzyme supplementation increased BWG (9.40 %, P &lt; 0.01) and G/F (3.11 %, P &lt; 0.01) at finisher phase. In conclusion, supplementation of xylanase and carbohydrases in cDDGS diet improved G/F, and the enzyme response can be maximized when fed during the finisher phase diet compared with the starter phase diet.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary inclusion of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) on broiler performance: A meta-analysis

2022 ◽  
Vol 335 ◽  
pp. 00013
Author(s):  
Sandi Nayohan ◽  
Irwan Susanto ◽  
Dessy Permata ◽  
Raiza Tri Pangesti ◽  
Mardiah Rahmadani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
P Value ◽  
Black Soldier Fly ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Broiler Performance

Black Soldier Fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens) is an insect species that potentially can be used as a protein source for broiler nutrition. This study aimed to evaluate different inclusion level of BSF on broiler performance and blood metabolites by integrating various data from related studies using meta-analysis. Total of 12 studies that comprised of 31 data points were integrated in the database. Parameters observed included Live Weight (LW), Average Daily Gain (ADG), Daily Feed Intake (DFI), Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), blood metabolites, and carcass proportion. The database was statistically analyzed by using mixed model method. Different studies were considered as random effects, and the level of BSF was treated as fixed effects. The model statistics used were the p-values and the Akaike information criterion. The significance of an effect was stated when its p-value was < 0.05. The results revealed that BSF feeding had significant linearly reduction effect on LW, ADG, and FCR of broiler (P < 0.05) and significant linearly increase effect on DFI and carcass proportion. However, BSF did not significantly affect on blood metabolites of broilers. It can be concluded that BSF negatively affect the performance of broiler.

Effect of diet synchrony on rumen fermentation, production performance, immunity status and endocrine in Chinese Holstein cows

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 664 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Qiao ◽  
Z. G. Xiao ◽  
Y. Li ◽  
G. J. Li ◽  
L. C. Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Chinese Holstein ◽  
Chinese Holstein Cows

In order to maximise utilisation of nutrients for ruminants, researchers directed the supply of nitrogen and organic matter synchronously to the rumen. In the current research, two experiments were conducted, one using the in situ nylon bag technique and the other using in vivo study. In Experiment 1, dynamic degradation rates of organic matter (OM) and nitrogen of each feedstuff were determined using the in situ nylon bag technique. Accordingly, three diets were formulated with the same chemical components, but differing in synchrony index (0.74, 0.85 and 0.97). Experiment 2 was subsequently carried out in vivo to evaluate the influence of diet synchrony on rumen fermentation, productive performance, immunity status and endocrine in Chinese Holstein cows. Rumen degradability of OM and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and total tract digestibility of OM were linearly increased with the increase of synchrony index, respectively (P &lt; 0.05). Total volatile fatty acids concentration of rumen fluid was increased linearly with the increase of synchrony index (P &lt; 0.05). Meanwhile, rumen ammonia nitrogen concentration and blood urea nitrogen concentration were decreased in cows with the increase of synchrony index, (P &lt; 0.05). Microbial crude protein production, the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis, and milk protein percentage, were linearly increased with the increase of synchrony index (P &lt; 0.05). Serum concentrations of prostaglandin E2 and immunoreactive fibronectin-γ were linearly decreased with the increase of diet synchrony index (P &lt; 0.05). The aforementioned results implicate that an increase of diet synchrony index could improve diet’s nitrogen utilisation, apparent digestibility of OM, and NDF. Additionally, it could promote rumen fermentation capacity, productive performance and immunity status in dairy cows.

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