scholarly journals Economic and environmental studies of conservation agriculture on dryland in Central Lombok, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 913 (1) ◽  
pp. 012015
Author(s):  
E Lastariningsih ◽  
T Sjah ◽  
I G L P Tanaya
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Previous Crop

Abstract Agricultural development needs to pay attention to environmental issue since the economic only focus of the development threatens. One of the moves into this environmental awareness is by practicing conservation agriculture. This paper aims to analyze the economic and environmental impacts of implementing conservation agriculture practices which is implemented with the application of manure, mulch of previous crop residue and legumes as cover crop comparing to non conservation agriculture which is implemented high chemical fertilizer, herbicide, no mulch and plants only maize on dryland in Central Lombok, Indonesia. Economic and environmental impacts of conservation agriculture are identified by comparing conservation agriculture with non-conservation agriculture practices. Data were collected through observations by researchers, farmers, and extension workers. The primary data are accompanied by data from secondary sources, such as literatures and research reports. Data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively, providing figures as well as descriptive explanation. The result of analysis showed that Conservation agriculture, implemented with the application of manure and mulch of previous crop residues, economically was able to reduce the purchase of herbicides and chemical fertilizer, save labor costs and time in plant maintenance. Conservation agriculture practice is environmentally friendly because was able to reduce air pollution, retain groundwater and add soil organic matter. In addition, farmers income increase in conservation agriculture through diversification of crop production and savings in production cost. The positive impact of conservation agriculture, economically and environmentally leads to the recommendation to expand the practice of conservation agriculture, in the location or elsewhere.

scholarly journals Crop Residue Management for Sustenance of Natural Resources and Agriculture Productivity

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maninder Singh ◽  
Anita Jaswal ◽  
Arshdeep Singh
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Residue ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Crop Residue Management

Crop residue management (CRM) through conservation agriculture can improve soil productivity and crop production by preserving soil organic matter (SOM) levels. Two major benefits of surface-residue management are improved organic matter (OM) near the soil surface and boosted nutrient cycling and preservation. Larger microbial biomass and activity near the soil surface act as a pool for nutrients desirable in crop production and enhance structural stability for increased infiltration. In addition to the altered nutrient distribution within the soil profile, changes also occur in the chemical and physical properties of the soil. Improved soil C sequestration through enhanced CRM is a cost-effective option for reducing agriculture's impact on the environment. Ideally, CRM practices should be selected to optimize crop yields with negligible adverse effects on the environment. Crop residues of common agricultural crops are chief resources, not only as sources of nutrients for subsequent crops but also for amended soil, water and air quality. Maintaining and managing crop residues in agriculture can be economically beneficial to many producers and more importantly to society. Improved residue management and reduced tillage practices should be encouraged because of their beneficial role in reducing soil degradation and increasing soil productivity. Thus, farmers have a responsibility in making management decisions that will enable them to optimize crop yields and minimize environmental impacts. Multi-disciplinary and integrated efforts by a wide variety of scientists are required to design the best site-specific systems for CRM practices to enhance agricultural productivity and sustainability while minimizing environmental impacts.

scholarly journals Potentials and Problems of Agricultural Development in Dhading District

NUTA Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Ram Sharan Pathak
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Agricultural Transformation ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Access Service ◽  
Total Crop

The cereal crops, cash crops and pulses are mainly grown in Dhading district owing to variations in topography and climate. Cereal crops are most dominant crops in the district in terms of area under cultivation and production. Cereal crops account for 93 percent of the cultivated land and 78 percent of the total crop production. In this context, this paper tried to analyze potentials and problems of agriculture development in Dhading District. To the end, the study purposively selected six settlements from total 216 settlements located around Thopal Khola drainage basin of central Dhading. Three factors (i.e. distance from the district headquarter, different forms of transportation which affect in different ways on the agricultural transformation and terrain, such as river valley and ridge area providing different base to agricultural development) were taken into consideration while selecting those settlements. Primary data were collected from 132 farm households, ranging from 20 households from small villages to 24 households from large villages. The study found that farmers were well aware about their concern with return against the investment from agricultural crops, which are yet determined more by natural factors than infrasturcture and facilities. Therefore, the agricultural development policies and programmers require mitigating adverse impacts of natural factors by providing and strengthening the facilities and services such as irrigation, road access, service centres, supply of agricultural inputs, market demand links, etc, ensuring their long term impacts.

scholarly journals Principles, Positives and Limitations of Conservation Agriculture: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Swaminathan ◽  
E. Sobhana ◽  
P. Kannan ◽  
M. Mohammed Yassin
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural Technologies ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Agricultural College ◽  
Past Experiences ◽  
Work Done

Lessons learnt from past experiences push for an alternate way of crop production. One such is Conservation agriculture (CA), which can be seen as a new way forward for conserving resources and enhancing productivity to achieve goals of sustainable agriculture. In recent past, progressive and significant efforts are made to develop, refine and disseminate conservation-based agricultural technologies across globe. Tremendous efforts on zero-till practices and surface management with crop residues for crop production were reviewed. This work was done at Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Madurai -625 104, Tamil Nadu, India. A systematic cum integrative review of research work done in different parts of World, particularly in India was comprehended. Literature search was done during 2020. About 200 review and research papers were screened from various databases like TNAU e-library, ARCC journals, Google Scholar, Research gate and Scopus and 84 papers were used. This review article comprehensively documents major principles of CA along with extent and spread of CA across the globe. It also highlights CA in Indian perspective. Various merits and demerits were also discussed with literature support. This review paper discusses rising concerns of conventional agriculture systems with regard to its adoption, positives and negatives of conservation agriculture in promoting conservation agriculture in tropics.

scholarly journals Rotary Plow for Organic Soybean Cultivation Technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
V. V. Epifantsev ◽  
Ya. A. Osipov ◽  
Yu. A. Vaytekhovich
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Content Increase ◽  
Tillage Depth ◽  
Regular Increase

The authors showed that a rotary plow deepened the arable layer and destroyed the plow bottom, simultaneously crushed plant residues, green manure crops and embedded them in the soil upper layer that was active for the cultivated plants roots and microorganisms, which allowed providing them with available nutrients, maintained fertility and increased soybeans yield.(Research purpose) To determine the soil deepener and the plow rotor agrotechnical parameters when working after different predecessors, to establish the dynamics of nutrients, soybean yield and to compare the technical indicators of various tillage implements.(Materials and methods) The authors studied rotary plow indicators when cultivating the soil after green manure, wheat and soybeans: the tillage depth and the tooth linear speed, the rotor rotational speed and depth, crumbling, hardness and ridging of the soil surface, the presence of plant residues, specific fuel consumption, productivity. They conducted a comparative field experiment, meadow-chernozem-like soil was treated with tools: discs BDT-3.0 – control; plowshare PLN-3-35 and rotary plow PRN-2.5 M.(Results and discussion) The authors determined that the tillage depth with the rotor was 0.143-0.149 meters, with the soil deepener – 0.25 meters, 25-27 percent of crop residues remained on the soil surface. It was found that the rotary plow details provided good soil cultivation, as a result of the incorporation of stubble and green manure, they contributed to a content increase of phosphorus in it by 11.8-13.3 percent, potassium – by 18-21.8, nitrogen – by 48.1-48.9 percent, which had a positive impact on the soybeans yield.(Conclusions) The authors found a regular increase in soybean yields when processing the soil with a rotary plow by 0.32 tons per hectare compared to discs and by 0.06 tons per hectare compared to a share plow. It was suggested to use a rotary plow PRN-2.5 M. for soil cultivating for soybeans in the Amur region. They calculated the economic and energy feasibility of soil cultivating with a rotary plow in organic crop production.

scholarly journals Crop Residue Removal: Assessment of Future Bioenergy Generation Potential and Agro-Environmental Limitations Based on a Case Study of Ukraine

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5343
Author(s):  
Sergii Kyryzyuk ◽  
Vitaliy Krupin ◽  
Olena Borodina ◽  
Adam Wąs
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Continuous Cultivation ◽  
Residue Removal ◽  
Development Scenarios ◽  
Bioenergy Generation ◽  
Crops Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

This study assesses the bioenergy generation potential of crop residues in Ukraine for the year 2030. Projections of agricultural development are made based on the Global Biosphere Management Model (GLOBIOM) and verified against available Agricultural Member State Modeling (AGMEMOD) results in regard to the six main crops cultivated in Ukraine (wheat, barley, corn, sunflower, rape and soya). Two agricultural development scenarios are assessed (traditional and innovative), facilitating the projection of future crop production volumes and yields for the selected crops. To improve precision in defining agro-environmental limitations (the share of crop residues necessary to be kept on the fields to maintain soil fertility for the continuous cultivation of crops), yield-dependent residue-to-product ratios (RPRs) were applied and the levels of available soil nutrients for regions of Ukraine (in regard to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and humus) were estimated. The results reveal the economically feasible future bioenergy generation potential of crop residues in Ukraine, equaling 3.6 Mtoe in the traditional agricultural development scenario and 10.7 Mtoe in the innovative development scenario. The projections show that, within the latter scenario, wheat, corn and barley combined are expected to provide up to 81.3% of the bioenergy generation potential of crop residues.

scholarly journals To Fix or Not To Fix: Controls on Free-Living Nitrogen Fixation in the Rhizosphere

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darian N. Smercina ◽  
Sarah E. Evans ◽  
Maren L. Friesen ◽  
Lisa K. Tiemann
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Root Surfaces

Free-living nitrogen fixation (FLNF) in the rhizosphere, or N fixation by heterotrophic bacteria living on/near root surfaces, is ubiquitous and a significant source of N in some terrestrial systems. FLNF is also of interest in crop production as an alternative to chemical fertilizer, potentially reducing production costs and ameliorating negative environmental impacts of fertilizer N additions.

Resource Conservation Technologies (RCTs)-Needs and future prospects: A review

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Ramesh ◽  
S.C. Negi ◽  
S.S. Rana
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Residue Management ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Use Of Resources

Continuous use of conventional farming practices with conventional tillage and burning crop residues has degraded the soil resource base and intensified soil degradation with concomitant decrease in crop production capacity. Further, escalating fuel, fertilizers and other input costs; necessitates the effective use of resources in agriculture. Conservation agriculture (CA) consists of four principles: (i) minimizing mechanical soil disturbance and seeding directly into untilled soil, (ii) using cover crops and/or crop residues (mainly residue retention), (iii) diversification of crops in associations, sequences and rotations and (iv) controlled traffic that lessen soil compaction. The CA technologies involving no- or minimum-tillage with direct seeding and bed planting, residue management and crop diversification have potential for improving productivity and soil quality, mainly by soil organic matter build-up. Conservation agriculture systems appear to be appealing options to achieve sustainable and intensive crop production under different agroecological environments because they use available resources efficiently and maintain soil fertility. However, there is a need for wider scale testing of these new technologies under diverse production systems, as the CA technologies are site specific and therefore appraisal of CA is important to have significant adoption.

scholarly journals Perception of Farmers on Conservation Agriculture for Climate Change Adaptation in Namibia

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Taapopi ◽  
J. M. Kamwi ◽  
N. Siyambango
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Field Size ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Entry Points ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Smart Agriculture

Traditional cultivation methods in Namibia are characterised by cultivating the same type of crops persistently on the same piece of land, using a disc or mouldboard plough with minimal to no fertilizer application. This study assessed the knowledge level of farmers' on conservation agriculture and the household factors,which influence farmers to take up conservation agriculture in the Omusati Region of Namibia. Both socioeconomic and biophysical data were collected through household face-to-face interviews from 40 households located in seven constituencies of the Omusati Region. The results showed that technological know-how, limited agricultural inputs and implements for conservation agriculture hindered the uptake of conservation agriculture. In addition, lack of crop residues for mulching purposes and little understanding of the importance of crop rotation were identified as barriers to practice conservation agriculture. Logistic regression analysis showed that age, gender, marital status, education level, crop field size and farming period did not significantly influence the adoption of conservation agriculture. The study indicates that there is a need to encourage the use of climate smart agriculture technologies such as conservation agriculture, which minimizes the negative impacts of dry spells in order to maximize crop production and increase farmers'  understanding on the principles of conservation agriculture. Thus, strategies and policies to reduce poverty need to consider local contexts, social norms and values. In this regard, engagement of local farmers and demonstration of the short and long-term benefits of conservation agricultural practices offer promising entry points.

scholarly journals Different Residues Affect Wheat Nutritional Composition

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Juan Hirzel ◽  
Pablo Undurraga ◽  
Lorenzo León ◽  
Marcelo Panichini ◽  
Jorge Carrasco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Volcanic Soil ◽  
Central Chile ◽  
Previous Crop ◽  
South Central ◽  
Residue Levels ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
K Concentration

Abstract Conservation agriculture using crop rotation benefits the environment, soil fertility, and crop production. A biannual rotation experiment during a period of 2 years was conducted in volcanic soil in south-central Chile in a production system under conservation agriculture. The experiment considered two previous crops, canola (Brassica napus L.) and bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and four levels of residue incorporation (0%, 50%, 100%, and 200% of generated residue). Grain yield (0.41 Mg ha−1), grain sedimentation value (5.5%), grain K (0.031%) and Ca (0.006%) concentrations, and residue K concentration (0.159%) were higher when the previous crop was bean. The Ca concentration (0.037%) in wheat residue increased after the canola crop. The different applied residue levels of the previous crop had no effect on any of the evaluated parameters in wheat. There was a very consistent negative correlation between the grain S concentration and the residue P (− 0.55), K (− 0.55), Mg (− 0.61), and S (− 0.63) concentrations in wheat when it was cultivated after bean. A larger number of study cycles are required to obtain more consistent results about the effect of the different residue levels on these two biannual rotations.

scholarly journals Effects of Management Practices on Soil Nutrient Levels in Sabke Catchment Area, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
S.A Mashi ◽  
A. Yaro
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Soil Fertility Management ◽  
Fertility Management ◽  
Residue Retention

In Nigeria’s drylands, profitable crop production requires adequate soil fertility management. This study examines the effects of farmer-managed practices on soil fertility in Sabke catchment of the drylands. Seven sites under permanent cropland, fallow land, grassland, shrubland, orchard land, intercropping land and woodland distributed on four transects were selected across the catchment. At every site, five replicate soil samples were collected from 0-15cm (topsoil) and 20-30cm (subsoil) and analysed for C, N, P, Ca, Mg, K and Na. Higher topsoil values of most of the properties were observed under cropland and intercropping sites. The two cultivated plots receive annual applications of organic manure in addition to chemical fertilizer and crops residue retention while the other plots are not. Thus, improvement in soil organic matter and nutrients would be expected in soils of the area with high rate of application of manure and chemical fertilizer, and retention of crop residues

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