Review of rice transplanter and direct seeder to be applied in Indonesia paddy field

The challenge to plant one seed or plant per hill by rice ordinary rice transplanter (RT) is still difficult to be achieved due to random in sowing seed by on rice nursery tray. But due to the vigority of seed after sowing in the field and also the unfavorable condition, the more number of seed are still needed and the yield lower compare transplanter method. Recently, the use of rice direct seeding has been increasing rapidly owing to rural labor shortages and continuous increases in agricultural production costs. This article reviews the research and application progress of mechanized rice direct seeding including direct seeding technologies, precision rice seeding, precision rice seed-metering devices. The other important component on succession direct seeding method is also discussed i.e. calcium gypsum coating and iron powder coating. Operating direct seeding machine also need consider about land and water management. Paddy field need to be managed since the seed drooped in order give favor condition of seed and facility the seed with optimum growing condition. In this approach, pre-germinated seeds are uniformly hill-dropped in the expected positions in puddled soil. The both technology PNRT and RDS have prospect and great potential for promoting the development of precession on rice cultivation in Asia.