Technical Efficiency Analysis of shallot Farming in Bima Regency- NTB Province Using the Cobb-Douglas Stochastic Frontier Production Function

Bima Regency is the center for the development and production of the largest shallot commodity in NTB Province. However, the productivity of shallots in Bima Regency still needs to be increased in order to achieve maximum production. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that influence shallot farming and to analyze the technical efficiency of farmers in conducting shallot farming. Bima Regency is the research area determined by purposive sampling because it is the center of shallot development in NTB Province. The research data was taken by conducting interviews with 35 respondents who were determined by proportional sampling. Then the data obtained were analyzed using the Cobb Douglas Stochastic Frontier production function approach using the Frontier 4.1 software program. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that the production factor of the number of seeds, urea fertilizer and labor had a significant effect on the production of shallots at the alpha level of 5 percent while pesticides and KCL fertilizers had a significant effect on the production of shallots at the alpha level of 15 percent. The level of technical efficiency of onion farming in Bima Regency is classified as efficient because it has a value of 0.9569. Farmers can still improve efficiency in onion farming by optimizing the use of superior seeds, labor, balanced fertilizer application, and increasing farmers' skills in adopting innovation and using onion cultivation technology.

ANALISIS EFISIENSI PRODUKSI DAN STRUKTUR BIAYA PADA USAHATANI NANAS DI DESA ASTOMULYO KECAMATAN PUNGGUR KABUPATEN LAMPUNG TENGAH

This study purposes are to analyze factors that affect production of pineapple farming, production efficiency of pineapple farming, and cost structure of pineapple farming. Data were collected at Astomulyo Village Punggur Subdistrict Central Lampung Regency in December 2019 – February 2020. The number of respondents was 63 farmers consisting of 58 farmers who were members of farmer groups and the rest were non-members of farmer groups by using simple random sampling. The primary data were obtained from direct interview with the pineapple farmers and the secondary data were obtained from several related studies and institutions. The data were analyzed using Stochastic Frontier production function. The study shows the factors affecting the production of pineapple farming are land area, C/N ratio, N element, and P element. The pineapple farming is technically, allocatively, and economically efficient yet. The biggest costs on pineapple farming are costs of seed, land lease, and labor.Key words: costs, efficiency, farmers, pineapple

Determinants of Technical Efficiency in Smallholder Corn Crop Farming: Application of Stochastic Frontier Production Function

Agricultural expansion such as corn expansion is often associated with extensification and resulting land acreage loss. Best input practices could increase production and yields and thus potentially reduce land expansion. This study aims to investigate the ability of input, such as land and other factors to affect production in terms of technical efficiency, and investigate the best input practices on corn technical efficiency. Primary and secondary data are used to answer the research objectives. In this study, corn data were used in the 2019 Planting Season. A sample of 120 farmers was taken randomly by applying stratified random sampling that based on land area. Appropriate qualitative and quantitative data analysis methods are used which are distinguished based on their research objectives using the empirical model of production functions, and the technical efficiency model. The results show that all input has an effect to increase corn yield, and support technical efficiency increasing the effect of input using. However, the effect of input using on yields appears to operate through other methods but technical efficiency increases.

Formation and Efficient Estimation of Stochastic Frontier Production Function

Technological change and efficiency improvement are important sources of productivity growth in any economy. The concept of technical efficiency (TE) is based on input and output relationships. Technical inefficiency arises when actual or observed output from a given input mix is less than a possible mix. The analysis of technical efficiency involves the assessment of the degree to which the production technologies are utilized. The present investigation on “Formation and efficient estimation of stochastic frontier production functions” was carried out in the Department of Agricultural Statistics, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara, during 2010 -13. To assess the present economics of pepper cultivation, to formulate a new stochastic frontier production function and to compare different stochastic frontier production functions. The secondary data on the area of holdings, number of vines, yield, expenses for machinery, labour, manure, and other expenses for the cultivation of the major spice pepper collected from the Department of Plantation Crops and Spices, College of Horticulture, Vellanikkara were used for the analysis. For the stochastic frontier production model to be realistic, an exact measurement of the cost of the inputs and the realized output is extremely necessary. Very few farmers keep records of the expenditure incurred on the various inputs and rarely the output realized. Vegetable crops have a short duration. So the farmer will be in a position to give realistic figures regarding the various inputs as also the outputs. As regards plantation crops, there will be a lag right from the establishment of the crop to the steady bearing stage. Therefore, it will be very difficult to trace back the exact cost, as no records would be available about the costs incurred. Therefore, a rapid estimation survey is the only feasibility wherein simultaneous estimation of the costs involved from the nursery through the various stages of growth can be observed. Since a farmer who is already having a steady-bearing crop would have incurred lesser costs through the previous stages of growth of the crop, it is most feasible to use the concept of present worth to arrive at the exact costs of previous stages of the crop. The stochastic frontier analysis was done using the present value (PV) and the present cost.

Efisiensi Teknis Usahatani Padi Organik di Desa Sumberngepoh Kecamatan Lawang Kabupaten Malang

Rice is a commodity that has a dominant role in providing food for the people of Indonesia. Rice production in 2014 to 2018 has increased, but the agricultural system in its cultivation is still largely inorganic and has a negative impact on the environment. However, this condition is no longer experienced by farmers in Sumberngepoh Village, because farmers have used organic rice cultivation systems. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that are predicted to have an effect on organic rice production, measure the level of efficiency and sources of inefficiency, and calculate the potential of products lost due to inefficiencies. This research was conducted in Sumberngepoh Village, Lawang District, Malang Regency in October 2019. Sampling was carried out by census. The research method uses the Stochastic Frontier Production Function with the Cobb-Douglass model. The results of this study indicate that the variable land, seeds, labor, and liquid organic fertilizer significantly influence. The average level of technical efficiency is 0.84%. The research results also showed that technical inefficiencies in the age, education, and frequency of participating in counseling had negative values. Potential product losses due to technical inefficiencies were on average 793.61 kg

ANALISIS USAHA BUDIDAYA KEPITING BAKAU UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENDAPATAN PEMBUDIDAYA TAMBAK DI KABUPATEN PANGKEP

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan input produksi terhadap hasil produksi, juga mengestimasi tingkat efisiensi penggunaan input produksi pada budidaya penggemukan kepiting bakau di Kabupaten Pangkep. Pada penelitian ini, teknik pengambilan sampel adalah sensus, yaitu petani pembudidaya penggemukan kepiting sebagai responden. Analisis data menggunakan Stochastic Production Frontier yang penyelesaiannya dengan bantuan program LIMDEP versi 6. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan dengan menggunakan fungsi produksi frontier bahwa variabel bebas yang signifikan berpengaruh positif terhadap produksi kepiting adalah luas keramba, jumlah benih dan jumlah pakan. Analisis terhadap Efisiensi Teknis (ET) rata-rata sebesar 0,94986. nilai tersebut dapat dikatakan sebagai prestasi atas kinerja penggunaan input produksi yang sangat memuaskan (mendekati 1), namun disisi lain kesempatan untuk melakukan pengembangan relatif sempit sehingga perlu upaya ekstensifikasi. Nilai R/C rasio sebesar 1,9516, artinya bahwa budidaya penggemukan kepiting bakau masih menguntungkan sehingga layak untuk dikembangkan. His study aimed to analyze the effect of the use of inputs to production, also estimate the efficiency of use of production inputs in the cultivation of mangrove crab fattening in Pangkep. In this study, the sampling technique is the census that farmers crab fattening farmers as respondents. Analysis of data using Stochastic Production Frontier settlement with the help of the program LIMDEP version 6. The estimation results show using frontier production function that the independent variables were significant positive effect on the production of crab is spacious cages, seed number and amount of feed. Analysis of the Technical Efficiency (ET) by an average of 0.94986. The value can be regarded as the achievement of the performance use of production inputs very satisfying (approaching 1), but on the other hand the opportunity to develop a relatively narrow so that extending the necessary efforts. Rated R / C ratio of 1.9516, it means that the cultivation of mangrove crab fattening still profitable so as to develop.

ANALISIS EFISIENSI TEKNIS USAHA TAMBAK UDANG VANNAME PETAMBAK MANDIRI EKS PLASMA PT CENTRALPERTIWI BAHARI DI KABUPATEN TULANG BAWANG

This study aims to determine the level of income of vanname shrimp cultivatiors and analyze the level of technical efficiency and factors that affect the technical efficiency of vanname shrimp farming in the Bratasena Adiwarna Village, Dente Teladas Subdistrict, Tulang Bawang Regency. The samples in this study were 70 cultivators chosen using simple random sampling method. Data were collected in February - March 2018. Technical efficiency analysis was tested using the frontier production function, while factors affecting technical efficiency were tested using the exponential function. The results showed that the average income of shrimp cultivation is IDR22,533,081.50 per 0.49 ha of ponds. Vanname shrimp farming is technically efficient with a level of 84.59. Factors affecting technical efficiency are age and cultivation experience with a 90% confidence level. Key words: cultivators, efficiency, vanname shrimp

Estimation of technical and allocative efficiency of cauliflower farm of Bilaspur district of Chhattisgarh state

The study analysed the technical and allocative efficiency of cauliflower farm in Bilaspur district of Chhattisgarh, using a stochastic frontier production function. Primary data were collected from 154 farmers from 04 blocks of the district. The study revealed return to scale on cauliflower farm is positive and greater than one as 2.50 which floored the farm in stage one production surface. The study also finds that variation in output of cauliflower was due to random factor. The mean technical efficiency of the pooled sample accounted to be 96.4 per cent. The two inputs land size and seed were over utilised as locative efficiency valued less than unity while other factors fertilizer, labour and irrigation were under utilised as valued greater than unity. The study recommends adoption of new method and technology in cauliflower production. The existence of under and over utilisation of resource should be addressed effectively and efficiently by extension personnel with continuous efforts making on precision farming.

Impact of technological change in cashew production in south Konkan region of Maharashtra

Cashewnut (Anacardium occidentale L.) a cash crop also called as Dollar earning crop. Maharashtra is leading state in production and productivity of cashew due to maximum adaptation of high yielding varieties and modern technologies developed by the Dr. BSKKV, Dapoli, Ratnagiri. The study entitled, “Technological change in cashew production in south Konkan region (Maharashtra) – an economic analysis” was undertaken specific objectives, to estimate the technical efficiency in cashew production across level of adoption and to assess the impact of technology on productivity. 320 cashew growers were selected for the study. Technical efficiency for all farms were calculated by using frontier production function and then the farms were grouped into three categories. As the results show that, in Vengurla - 4 variety orchard more farms had medium technical efficiency i.e., between 50 to 75 per cent as compared to low (< 50%) and high (> 75%) technical efficiency group. Average per cent of technical efficiency at overall level was 67.19 per cent. Among the groups such as low, medium and high adopters it was 59.34 per cent, 56.37 per cent and 90.25 per cent, respectively. At overall level about 62 farms had high technical efficiency more than 75 per cent, 233 farms had medium technical efficiency (50 to 75%) and about 25 farms had low technical efficiency (less than 50%). The use of chemical fertilizers and plant protection chemicals were sparse. This concluded that the farmers were not properly aware about the use of chemical fertilizers and followed the pest management schedule. It is also showed that, there is potential to increase the yield, through technology adoption. For increasing farm income of the farmer, they must be using the modern cashew production technologies.

Efisiensi Teknis dan Profitabilitas Peternakan Rakyat Ayam Broiler di Kabupaten Kupang

<p><strong>English</strong><br />Technical efficiency and profitability are the key for business enterprise development. Kupang regency is a center of smallholder broiler farms in East Nusa Tenggara Province that evolve with partnership and non-partnership types of enterprises. The study aims to analyze technical efficiency and profitability of the two types enterprises that may be useful in formulating broiler farming development in policy in Kupang Regency. Data was collected from purposively selected of 30 partnership farmers and 30 non partnership farmers in July 2019-August 2020. Technical efficiency was measured using the stochastic frontier production function. Profitability was measured using the R/C ratio. Results showed that both partnership and non-partnership enterprises are technically efficient, but technical efficiency of the non-partnership group is higher than the partnership group. Determinants of technical inefficiency of the partnership group are farmers’ education and family size. Determinants of technical inefficiency of the non-partnership group are farmers’ education, length of farming experience and family size. The non-partnership enterprises are more profitable than the partnership enterprises with average R/C ratio 1.19 and 1.06, respectively. Appropriate use of inputs, technology innovation and good farm management practices should be facilitated by the government in order to further increase farm technical efficiency and profitability.</p><p><br /><em></em></p><p><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Efisiensi teknis dan profitabilitas adalah kunci utama perkembangan suatu usaha. Kabupaten Kupang merupakan salah satu daerah sentra peternakan rakyat ayam broiler di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur, yang sedang berkembang dengan pola usaha sistem mitra dan nonmitra. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis efisiensi teknis dan profitabilitas kedua pola usaha ternak ayam broiler yang diharapkan berguna dalam perumusan kebijakan pengembangan peternakan ayam broiler di Kabupaten Kupang. Data dikumpulkan dari 30 peternak mitra dan 30 peternak nonmitra yang dipilih secara purposif pada Juli 2019–Agustus 2020. Efisiensi teknis diukur dengan mempergunakan fungsi produksi <em>stochastic frontier. </em>Profitabilitas diukur dengan R/C rasio. Penelitian menunjukan bahwa peternakan ayam broiler pola kemitraan maupun nonmitra adalah efisien secara teknis namun efisiensi teknis kelompok nonkemitraan lebih tinggi dari kelompok kemitraan. Inefisiensi teknis usaha ternak mitra dipengaruhi oleh tingkat pendidikan peternak dan jumlah tanggungan keluarga. Sedangkan inefisiensi teknis usaha ternak nonmitra dipengaruhi oleh tingkat pendidikan peternak, pengalaman beternak, dan jumlah tanggungan keluarga. Usaha ternak nonmitra lebih menguntungkan dibandingkan sistem mitra dengan nilai R/C rasio berturut-turut 1,19 dan 1,06. Penggunaan <em>input</em> yang sesuai, inovasi teknologi dan penerapan manajemen usaha ternak yang baik perlu difasilitasi pemerintah guna meningkatkan efisiensi teknis usaha dan profitabilitas usaha ternak.</p>