scholarly journals Adaptive morphogenesis of the adrenal glands of ducks in conditions of hyperthermia

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (2) ◽  
pp. 022014
Author(s):  
E Plakhotniuk ◽  
T Skobelskaya ◽  
V Lemeshchenko ◽  
E Kuevda ◽  
N Saenko
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Stress Reaction ◽  
Blood Capillaries ◽  
Cytoplasmic Vacuolization ◽  
Interrenal Cells

Abstract It was found that under conditions of hyperthermia, morphofunctional changes develop in the interrenal part of the adrenal glands, indicating an increase in the functional activity of the gland. The study of ducks on the 5th day of hyperthermia revealed loosening and thickening of the adrenal gland capsule compared to the control. Significant hemodynamic disorders were noted: the phenomena of stasis and erythrocyte sludge in sharply expanded blood capillaries of the adrenal glands. It was found that on the 10th day of hyperthermia, hemodynamic disorders are progressive: the phenomena of sludge and red blood cell stasis are less pronounced, but parenchymal edema and a sharp expansion of sinusoid capillaries persist. Changes in interrenal cells (their high prismatic shape, cytoplasmic vacuolization, apical granularity) are also determined to characterize the high secretory activity of endocrinocytes. The found changes indicate the development of a stress reaction.

scholarly journals The influence of long term sound stress on histological structure of broiler’s adrenal glands

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1613-1619 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Zikic ◽  
G. Uscebrka ◽  
D. Gledic ◽  
M. Lazarevic ◽  
S. Stojanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Chromaffin Cells ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Fire Alarm ◽  
Interrenal Cells

The aim of this paper is to examine the effect of different sound stress duration on adrenal gland of broiler chickens of different age. The experiments were conducted on 90 HYBRO broiler chickens, divided into nine groups (each group consisting of 10 birds) by different age and lenght of sound stress duration. The chickens were exposed to sound stress in sound attenuated building using a fire alarm bell (95 dB) for stress sessions lasted 120 min every day. The histological structure of adrenal gland was analyzed by light microscopy. The results indicate that adrenal gland is sensitive on this kind of stress and sound as stressor could introduce organism in stress reaction. Adrenal glands of broilers exposed to sound stress characterized by marked hyperemia, hypertrophy of interrenal cells, smaller affinity for staining of chromaffin cells compared with control groups. According to our results, degree of histological changes of adrenal gland under the influence of sound stress depends on the length of exposure and age of chickens.

scholarly journals Visualization of deformation of the human red blood cell through micro-channel array simulating human blood capillaries

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (Supplement1) ◽  
pp. 309-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsutomu TAJIKAWA ◽  
Kenkichi OHBA ◽  
Seiji AOYAGI ◽  
Katsuhiro HIGUHCI
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Micro Channel ◽  
Blood Capillaries

Elevated capillary tube hematocrit reflects degradation of endothelial cell glycocalyx by oxidized LDL

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (3) ◽  
pp. H1051-H1057 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina A. Constantinescu ◽  
Hans Vink ◽  
Jos A. E. Spaan
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Capillary Tube ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Endothelial Glycocalyx ◽  
Shear Forces ◽  
Blood Capillaries ◽  
Flowing Blood

Proteoglycans and plasma proteins bound to the endothelial cell glycocalyx are essential for vascular function, but at the same time, they lower capillary tube hematocrit by reducing capillary volume available to flowing blood. Because oxidized low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) reduce the effective thickness of the glycocalyx (Vink H, Constantinescu AA, and Spaan JAE. Circulation 101: 1500–1502, 2000), we designed the present study to determine whether this is caused by pathological degradation of glycocalyx constituents or increased glycocalyx deformation by elevated shear forces of flowing blood. Capillaries from the right cremaster muscle of 24 hamsters were examined by using intravital microscopy after systemic administration of normal LDL ( n = 4), moderate oxLDL (6-h oxidation with CuSO4, n = 7), severe oxLDL (18-h oxidation, n = 5), and moderate oxLDL plus superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase ( n = 8). Capillary tube hematocrit increased from 0.16 ± 0.03 to 0.37 ± 0.05 and from 0.15 ± 0.01 to 0.31 ± 0.03 after moderate oxLDL and severe oxLDL, respectively. These changes were paralleled by increases in red blood cell flux from 8.7 ± 1.9 to 13.8 ± 3 and from 10.7 ± 2.1 to 16.3 ± 3.2 cells/s after moderate oxLDL and severe oxLDL, respectively, in the absence of changes in anatomic capillary diameter. Red blood cell velocity, as a measure for the shear forces on the glycocalyx, was not affected by oxLDL, whereas tissue pretreatment with SOD and catalase completely abolished the effects of oxLDL on glycocalyx thickness, capillary hematocrit, and red blood cell flux. We conclude that elevation of capillary tube hematocrit by oxLDL reflects degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx by oxygen-derived free radicals.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF HORMONES ON THE ADRENAL NECROSIS PRODUCED BY BESNOITIA JELLISONI IN GOLDEN HAMSTERS

1956 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Frenkel
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Pathogenetic Mechanism ◽  
Relative Resistance ◽  
Obligate Intracellular ◽  
Golden Hamsters ◽  
Intracellular Proliferation ◽  
Adrenal Necrosis

Adrenal necrosis has been described in golden hamsters where it occurs during the course of infection with Besnoilia jellisoni. This necrosis results directly from the active intracellular proliferation by this obligate intracellular protozoan organism. After infection, adrenal necrosis is rarely observed in hypophysectomized hamsters. In unoperated animals adrenal necrosis is suppressed to varying degrees by cortisone (E), hydrocortisone (F), corticosterone (B), 11-dehydrocorticosterone (A), and possibly by 11-desoxycorticosterone (DOCA). Besnoitia organisms proliferate in otherwise "immune" hamsters around the subcutaneous deposits of the acetates of cortisone (E), hydrocortisone (F), and 11-dehydrocorticosterone (A); a marked depression of general immunity follows the administration of pharmacologic doses of the former two hormones. Organisms do not proliferate around the sites of corticosterone acetate (B) and 11desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) injection, nor next to deposits of testosterone propionate, 11-desoxy-17-hydroxycorticosterone acetate (Reichstein's compound S) and epinephrine in oil. It is postulated that certain glucocorticoids can so modify immunity mechanisms locally, that general immunity becomes ineffective; this occurs in the adrenal glands owing to endogenous corticoid production, at the sites of exogenous corticoid injection, and proximal to that in the lungs. A comparison is made with the pathogenesis of tuberculosis and histoplasmosis of the adrenal gland which results in Addison's disease in man, and it is concluded that a similar pathogenetic mechanism is operative. The use of glucocorticoids for replacement therapy is discussed in reference to their relative resistance-depressing activities in pharmacologic doses. These undesirable side effects would appear to be less pronounced, if not absent, if corticosterone (B) rather than cortisone (E) and hydrocortisone (F) therapy were used. Porcine adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) appearsto depress the incidence of adrenal necrosis in unoperated hamsters, and supports proliferation of organisms in the adrenal cortex with subsequent necrosis in only a small proportion of hypophysectomized hamsters. The possibility is discussed that ACTH from a different species (hog) might lead to a change in the secretory activity of the hamster adrenal gland.

scholarly journals Adrenal gland pathology in rats after acute postnatal hypoxia

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 615-621
Author(s):  
G I Gubina-Vakulik ◽  
A V Andreev ◽  
N G Kolousova
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Acute Hypoxia ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Newborn Rats ◽  
Cambium Layer ◽  
Cellular Regeneration

Aim. To study the histological changes in the adrenal glands of rats with acute postnatal hypoxia and «structural trace» in the adrenal glands during the first month of life. Methods. Wistar rats were used as experimental animals. After calving, the newborn rats (main group, 20 newborn rats, progeny of 5 female rats) were placed in the bell-pressure chamber (simulating altitude of 3.500 meters with an atmospheric pressure of 493 mm Hg) for 5 min. Rats were withdrawn from the experiment by decapitation at the first day (1 hour after the acute postnatal hypoxia modeling, 7 rats), 7 days after (7 rats) and 35 days after (6 rats) the experiment. The same number of intact rats of the control group were examined at the same timepoints. The adrenal glands of rats were examined morphologically using histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical and morphometric methods. Results. It was found that a short episode of mild short hypoxia just after the birth leads to the development of specific adaptive changes in adrenal glands: cortical hyperplasia, increased morpho-functional activity of endocrinocytes in the medullar substance associated with extensive apoptosis, decreasing of morpho-functional activity of endocrinocytes of the glomerular zone and fetal cortex. Cellular regeneration of spongiocytes was observed not only in the cambium layer, but also in the fascicular zone, which presumes not only physiological, but also reparative regeneration. Regeneration of medullar cells, seemingly, only occurs during the first few days after birth by migration of sympathogonia from outside of the adrenal gland to its center. At days 14 th and 35 th, despite the same conditions, histological signs of active functioning of the cortical fascicular zone and medullar substance preserved in animals of the main group compared with the controls. Conclusion. Results of the study prove the need for clinical studies of the adrenal function correction in newborns undergoing postnatal and intranatal acute hypoxia, as well as of consequences for the adrenal gland morpho-functional state after birth for such cases.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document