scholarly journals Adrenal gland pathology in rats after acute postnatal hypoxia

2013 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 615-621
Author(s):  
G I Gubina-Vakulik ◽  
A V Andreev ◽  
N G Kolousova
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Acute Hypoxia ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Newborn Rats ◽  
Cambium Layer ◽  
Cellular Regeneration

Aim. To study the histological changes in the adrenal glands of rats with acute postnatal hypoxia and «structural trace» in the adrenal glands during the first month of life. Methods. Wistar rats were used as experimental animals. After calving, the newborn rats (main group, 20 newborn rats, progeny of 5 female rats) were placed in the bell-pressure chamber (simulating altitude of 3.500 meters with an atmospheric pressure of 493 mm Hg) for 5 min. Rats were withdrawn from the experiment by decapitation at the first day (1 hour after the acute postnatal hypoxia modeling, 7 rats), 7 days after (7 rats) and 35 days after (6 rats) the experiment. The same number of intact rats of the control group were examined at the same timepoints. The adrenal glands of rats were examined morphologically using histological, histochemical, immunohistochemical and morphometric methods. Results. It was found that a short episode of mild short hypoxia just after the birth leads to the development of specific adaptive changes in adrenal glands: cortical hyperplasia, increased morpho-functional activity of endocrinocytes in the medullar substance associated with extensive apoptosis, decreasing of morpho-functional activity of endocrinocytes of the glomerular zone and fetal cortex. Cellular regeneration of spongiocytes was observed not only in the cambium layer, but also in the fascicular zone, which presumes not only physiological, but also reparative regeneration. Regeneration of medullar cells, seemingly, only occurs during the first few days after birth by migration of sympathogonia from outside of the adrenal gland to its center. At days 14 th and 35 th, despite the same conditions, histological signs of active functioning of the cortical fascicular zone and medullar substance preserved in animals of the main group compared with the controls. Conclusion. Results of the study prove the need for clinical studies of the adrenal function correction in newborns undergoing postnatal and intranatal acute hypoxia, as well as of consequences for the adrenal gland morpho-functional state after birth for such cases.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MOBILE PHONE RADIATION ON ADRENAL GLAND OF MALE ALBINO RATS

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalini Gupta ◽  
Shilpi Jain ◽  
Satyam Khare ◽  
Prateek Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Mobile Phone Radiation

Introduction: The tremendous growth in telecommunication world has increased the number of mobile phone users to many folds. The benefits of cell phones are just half the picture. The other half may be a darker one. The main aim of this study is to observe the effect of electromagnetic radiation being emitted by mobile phones on adrenal gland microanatomy and the hormones released by the gland on male albino rats. Materials and methods: Forty-two male albino rats of Spargue-Dawley species were divided into two equal groups. The experimental group rats were exposed to mobile phone radiation operating at 900 MHz while the control group rats were not. At the end of every two months, seven rats were sacrificed to analyse histological and hormonal changes. Results: No changes were seen at the cellular level of the adrenal glands even after six months of radiation exposure. Hormonal assay showed a variation in the cortisol levels of the rats but the changes were within normal range. Conclusions: Lack of appreciable changes in the cellular morphology and hormonal levels even after six months of radiation exposure signify that the adrenal glands are not affected by exposure to mobile phones.

THE EFFECT OF ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIN ON THE NUCLEIC ACID METABOLISM OF THE RAT ADRENAL GLAND

1965 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. IMRIE ◽  
T. R. RAMAIAH ◽  
F. ANTONI ◽  
W. C. HUTCHISON
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Dna Content ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Nucleic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Prolonged Administration ◽  
Total Rna ◽  
Rna And Dna

SUMMARY Treatment of female rats with adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) increased the RNA content of the adrenal glands progressively during a period of 3 days, the DNA content increased only after prolonged administration. By contrast, ACTH caused a decrease in the uptake of [32P]orthophosphate into the total RNA of the gland and into most of the RNA fractions of the subcellular components. A method of analysis for RNA and DNA based on the Schmidt-Thannhauser procedure has been evolved which eliminates extraction of nucleic acid by lipid solvents.

Use of natural radon waters in patients with occupational arthrosis

2020 ◽  
pp. 404-408
Author(s):  
S. N. Filimonov ◽  
R. V. Gordeeva ◽  
O. V. Kuzmenko ◽  
L. N. Kireeva ◽  
E. A. Martynova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Occupational Diseases ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ozone Therapy ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Relieve Pain ◽  
Pain At Rest

Th e results of using natural radon waters in the form of General or four-chamber baths and ozonopuncture in patients with occupational diseases of the joints and spine at the rehabilitation stage are presented. Studies have shown that the course use of radon therapy in combination with ozone therapy has a pronounced analgesic eff ect, anti-infl ammatory eff ect, stimulates the general sedative eff ect on the central nervous system, helps to restore the volume of movements in the aff ected joints, prevents the weighting of the joint process and the development of dystrophic changes in the musculoskeletal system.The aim of the study is to study the eff ect of natural radon waters combined with ozone therapy on the dynamics of functional indicators based on motor activity data in patients with occupational diseases of the joints.Patients with occupational diseases of the joints in rehabilitation were prescribed general radon or four-chamber baths in combination with ozone therapy (the main group). A control group of patients received radon baths by a similar method without introducing ozone. Before and aft er treatment, studies of functional activity in the aff ected joints were conducted: the volume of movements, the functional Leken index, which takes into account the severity of pain at rest and under motor load, pain assessment on a visual analog scale, echography of the aff ected joints, adaptive response according to L.Kh. Garkavi. Th e use of general or four-chamber radon baths in combination with ozone therapy in the main group allowed to quickly and eff ectively normalize the functional activity of joints, relieve pain, increase the body’s adaptive reserves to external stress factors, normalize sleep and restore working capacity. In the control group, changes in indicators did not have a signifi cant degree of signifi cance.The use of General or four-chamber radon baths in combination with ozone therapy at the rehabilitation stage in patients with occupational diseases of the joints causes an improvement in the functional activity of the musculoskeletal system, accelerates the disappearance of pain, relieves infl ammation, returns performance, normalizes the body’s adaptation to external infl uences. 

Regulation of the functional activity of peripheral B lymphocytes in pregnant women with a history of recurrent miscarriage

2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Anna I. Malyshkina ◽  
Natalia Y. Sotnikova ◽  
Dmitriy N. Voronin ◽  
Alena V. Kust
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
B Lymphocytes ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Recurrent Miscarriage ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spontaneous Miscarriage ◽  
History Of

BACKGROUND:The frequency of recurrent miscarriage is up to 5 % of all desired pregnancies and is mainly due to immunological disorders. Dysfunction in the regulation of the functional activity of B lymphocytes is the pathogenetic link in multiple obstetric complications, including habitual miscarriage. AIM:The aim of this study was to characterize the regulation of the functional activity of peripheral B lymphocytes in pregnant women with threatened spontaneous miscarriage and a history of habitual miscarriage. MATERIALS AND METHODS:We examined 88 women aged 18-40 years at a gestation period of 5-12 weeks. The main group consisted of 36 patients with threatened spontaneous miscarriage at the time of examination and a history of habitual miscarriage. The control group included 28 women with uncomplicated pregnancy. The comparison group consisted of 24 primary pregnant patients with threatened spontaneous abortion at the time of examination. BAFF and APRIL levels in the blood serum were determined by enzyme immunoassay. The content of CD19+BAFFR+B lymphocytes in the lymphocyte gate was evaluated in the peripheral blood by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies. Akt mRNA expression was assessed using real-time reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. CD19+В lymphocytes were isolated by direct magnetic separation. RESULTS:In the main group, there was an increase in expression of BAFF receptors on peripheral CD19+B lymphocytes and a decrease in the serum BAFF concentration compared to the parameters in the other study groups. We also found a pronounced trend towards a decrease in the serum APRIL level in the main and comparison groups of patients compared to healthy pregnant women. Besides, Akt mRNA expression in peripheral CD19+B lymphocytes was increased in the main group. CONCLUSIONS:Threatened habitual abortion is associated with the deficit of the regulatory influence of BAFF and APRIL, which is expressed in the disruption of B cell homeostasis and the weakening of humoral effector mechanisms.

scholarly journals Adaptive morphogenesis of the adrenal glands of ducks in conditions of hyperthermia

2021 ◽  
Vol 937 (2) ◽  
pp. 022014
Author(s):  
E Plakhotniuk ◽  
T Skobelskaya ◽  
V Lemeshchenko ◽  
E Kuevda ◽  
N Saenko
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Functional Activity ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Stress Reaction ◽  
Blood Capillaries ◽  
Cytoplasmic Vacuolization ◽  
Interrenal Cells

Abstract It was found that under conditions of hyperthermia, morphofunctional changes develop in the interrenal part of the adrenal glands, indicating an increase in the functional activity of the gland. The study of ducks on the 5th day of hyperthermia revealed loosening and thickening of the adrenal gland capsule compared to the control. Significant hemodynamic disorders were noted: the phenomena of stasis and erythrocyte sludge in sharply expanded blood capillaries of the adrenal glands. It was found that on the 10th day of hyperthermia, hemodynamic disorders are progressive: the phenomena of sludge and red blood cell stasis are less pronounced, but parenchymal edema and a sharp expansion of sinusoid capillaries persist. Changes in interrenal cells (their high prismatic shape, cytoplasmic vacuolization, apical granularity) are also determined to characterize the high secretory activity of endocrinocytes. The found changes indicate the development of a stress reaction.

EFFECT OF DIABETES MELLITUS ON THE LEVEL OF GROWTH FACTORS IN GUERIN CARCINOMA IN RATS OF BOTH SEXES

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-140
Author(s):  
E.M. Frantsiyants ◽  
V.A. Bandovkina ◽  
I.V. Kaplieva ◽  
E.I. Surikova ◽  
I.V. Neskubina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Malignant Tumors ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Concomitant Disease ◽  
White Rats

Diabetes mellitus is an independent risk factor for a number of malignant diseases. It is associated with increased mortality from cancer. The role of growth factors in the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus and malignant tumors is dual and not fully defined. The aim of the study was to examine the level of some growth factors and their receptors in the tissue of Guerin carcinoma and its perifocal zone growing in rats of both sexes with diabetes mellitus. Materials and Methods. The authors determined the content of VEGF-A, VEGF-C their receptors sVEGF-R1 and sVEGF-R3, EGF and sEGF-R, TGFβ1 and sTGFβ1-R2, TNFα and sTNFα-R1, FGF21 in the samples of the tumor and the perifocal zone of Guerin carcinoma in nonlinear white rats of both sexes with diabetes mellitus (main group). ELISA test was used for this purpose. The control group consisted of animals with Guerin carcinoma without comorbid pathology. Results. Tumors in female rats (main group) had a higher content of VEGF-C, EGF, TNFα and FGF21, VEGF-C/VEGF-R3, but a lower TGFβ1 level. In the perifocal zone these indicators, except TNFα, were lower than in the control group. In males (main group), TNFα and VEGF-A/VEGF-R1 levels in the tumor were higher. The content of VEGF-C, EGF, EGF-R and TGFβ1 was lower than in the control. At the same time, all the studied parameters were lower in the perifocal zone, except FGF21 and EGF-R. Conclusion. Diabetes mellitus as a concomitant disease decreased the life expectancy of animals of both sexes with Guerin carcinoma. At the same time, high ratios of VEGF-A/VEGF-R1 in males, and VEGF-C/VEGF-R3, EGF/sEGF-R, and FGF21 in females in tumor samples were accompanied by the tumor growth in males and activation of metastatic processes in females. Key words: Guerin carcinoma, diabetes mellitus, rats, growth factors, receptors. Сахарный диабет является самостоятельным фактором риска возникновения ряда злокачественных заболеваний и связан с повышенной смертностью от рака. Роль факторов роста в патофизиологии сахарного диабета и злокачественных опухолей двойственна и до конца не определена. Целью настоящего исследования явилось изучение уровня некоторых факторов роста и их рецепторов в ткани карциномы Герена, растущей на фоне сахарного диабета, и ее перифокальной зоне у крыс обоего пола. Материалы и методы. У нелинейных белых крыс обоего пола в образцах опухоли и перифокальной зоны карциномы Герена, растущей на фоне сахарного диабета (основная группа), методом ИФА определяли содержание VEGF-A, VEGF-C и их рецепторов sVEGF-R1 и sVEGF-R3, EGF и sEGF-R, TGFβ1 и sTGFβ1-R2, TNFα и sTNFα-R1, FGF21. В качестве контрольной группы выступали животные с карциномой Герена без коморбидной патологии. Результаты. У самок крыс основной группы в опухоли было выше содержание VEGF-C, EGF, TNFα и FGF21, VEGF-С/VEGF-R3, но ниже уровень TGFβ1, в перифокальной зоне эти показатели, за исключением TNFα, были ниже, чем в группе контроля. У самцов основной группы в опухоли был выше уровень TNFα и VEGF-A/VEGF-R1, содержание VEGF-C, EGF, EGF-R и TGFβ1 оказалось ниже, чем в контроле. При этом в перифокальной зоне все исследованные показатели были ниже, за исключением FGF21 и EGF-R. Выводы. Сахарный диабет как сопутствующее злокачественному росту заболевание способствовал снижению продолжительности жизни животных обоего пола с карциномой Герена. При этом высокие в образцах опухоли соотношения VEGF-A/VEGF-R1 у самцов, VEGF-С/VEGF-R3, EGF/sEGF-R и FGF21 у самок сопровождались ростом объемов опухоли у самцов и активацией метастатических процессов у самок. Ключевые слова: карцинома Герена, сахарный диабет, крысы, факторы роста, рецепторы.

Effects of mineralocorticoids and glucocorticoids on compensatory adrenal growth in rats

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (4) ◽  
pp. E450-E456 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Phillips ◽  
C. Crock ◽  
J. Funder
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Unilateral Adrenalectomy ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats

The rapid compensatory growth seen in the remaining adrenal gland of the rat after unilateral adrenalectomy appears to require a functioning neural arc between the adrenal glands and the hypothalamus, but the role of adrenal or pituitary hormones is unclear. We have examined the effect of several steroids on the compensatory adrenal growth (CAG). Female and male rats (average wt 140 g) were unilaterally adrenalectomized and treated with aldosterone (2.1 micrograms/day), corticosterone (B, 28 micrograms/day), dexamethasone (28 micrograms/day), 9 alpha-fluorocortisol (9 alpha FC, 28 micrograms/day), or deoxycorticosterone (DOC, 28 micrograms/day) by continuous infusion for 3 days and then killed. The growth in the remaining adrenal was compared both with sham-operated rats treated with steroid infusions and with noninfused controls. In rats of this size females have larger adrenals than males; untreated male rats have significantly heavier left than right adrenals. In male rats the extent of CAG after no treatment or treatment with aldosterone B, 9 alpha FC, or DOC depended on the size of the adrenal gland removed. In both male and female rats CAG was not significantly affected by aldosterone, in contrast with a recent report, nor by B, 9 alpha FC, or DOC; no significant CAG was seen after dexamethasone. Taken together, these results and previous reports suggest that neurally mediated activation of pituitary and/or local adrenal growth factors may be responsible for CAG.

THE INFLUENCE OF SEX HORMONES ON THE WEIGHT OF THE ADRENAL GLAND IN THE RAT

1956 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHEILA B. CARTER
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Daily Treatment ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Consistent Effect ◽  
Loss Of Weight

SUMMARY Experiments have been carried out to investigate the effect of sex hormones, particularly oestrogens, on the weight of the adrenal glands in rats. Female rats (a) Intact. Oestrogen had no consistent effect. The adrenal glands may become heavier after treatment with oestradiol dipropionate (ODP) for very short periods (3 days), but may become lighter after longer periods of treatment. The glands were lighter after treatment with testosterone propionate (TP) (1·5 mg daily). (b) Castrated. Fifty-three days after spaying the adrenal glands were unchanged. Seventy-five days after operation, their weight had decreased. Oestrogen had no effect when given 1 month after ovariectomy, but caused a loss of weight when treatment was started 2 months after the operation. TP (1·5 mg. daily) also caused a loss of weight. Male rats (a) Intact. The adrenal glands were unaffected by daily treatment with 1·5 mg TP, or with 100μg ODP. (b) Castrated. The adrenal glands had gained weight 53 days after orchidectomy. TP caused a loss of weight in castrated rats. ODP had no effect.

scholarly journals Citrate Synthase and OGDH as Potential Biomarkers of Atherosclerosis under Chronic Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Ling-bing Meng ◽  
Gai-feng Hu ◽  
Meng-jie Shan ◽  
Yuan-meng Zhang ◽  
Ze-mou Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Chronic Stress ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Spline Interpolation ◽  
Docking Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Molecular Docking Study ◽  
Hub Proteins

Background. Pathological changes of the adrenal gland and the possible underlying molecular mechanisms are currently unclear in the case of atherosclerosis (AS) combined with chronic stress (CS). Methods. New Zealand white rabbits were used to construct a CS and AS animal model. Proteomics and bioinformatics were employed to identify hub proteins in the adrenal gland related to CS and AS. Hub proteins were detected using immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence assays, and Western blotting. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to analyze the expression of genes. In addition, a neural network model was constructed. The quantitative relationships were inferred by cubic spline interpolation. Enzymatic activity of mitochondrial citrate synthase and OGDH was detected by the enzymatic assay kit. Function of citrate synthase and OGDH with knockdown experiments in the adrenal cell lines was performed. Furthermore, target genes-TF-miRNA regulatory network was constructed. Coimmunoprecipitation (IP) assay and molecular docking study were used to detect the interaction between citrate synthase and OGDH. Results. Two most significant hub proteins (citrate synthase and OGDH) that were related to CS and AS were identified in the adrenal gland using numerous bioinformatic methods. The hub proteins were mainly enriched in mitochondrial proton transport ATP synthase complex, ATPase activation, and the AMPK signaling pathway. Compared with the control group, the adrenal glands were larger and more disordered, irregular, and necrotic in the AS+CS group. The expression of citrate synthase and OGDH was higher in the AS+CS group than in the control group, both at the protein and mRNA levels ( P < 0.05 ). There were strong correlations among the cross-sectional areas of adrenal glands, citrate synthase, and OGDH ( P < 0.05 ) via Spearman’s rho analysis, receiver operating characteristic curves, a neural network model, and cubic spline interpolation. Enzymatic activity of citrate synthase and OGDH increased under the situation of atherosclerosis and chronic stress. Through the CCK8 assay, the adrenal cell viability was downregulated significantly after the knockdown experiment of citrate synthase and OGDH. Target genes-TF-miRNA regulatory network presented the close interrelations among the predicted microRNA, citrate synthase and OGDH. After Coimmunoprecipitation (IP) assay, the result manifested that the citrate synthase and OGDH were coexpressed in the adrenal gland. The molecular docking study showed that the docking score of optimal complex conformation between citrate synthase and OGDH was -6.15 kcal/mol. Conclusion. AS combined with CS plays a significant role on the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, promotes adrenomegaly, increases the release of glucocorticoid (GC), and might enhance ATP synthesis and energy metabolism in the body through citrate synthase and OGDH gene targets, providing a potential research direction for future related explorations into this mechanism.

A Study on the Effect of High Calorie Diet on Stress Alleviation

2012 ◽  
Vol 724 ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
Sang Gyun Roh ◽  
Jae Gook Lee
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Feedback Inhibition ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hormonal Change ◽  
Stress Alleviation ◽  
Calorie Diet ◽  
High Calorie Diet ◽  
High Calorie

In this study, we tried to reveal the presence of a cytokine that is regulated by weight, food intake, body fat, the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis, and corticosterone. The experiment group was given a high calorie diet and the control group was fed a normal calorie diet, and both groups were exposed to various stresses. The behavioral and hormonal change by the kinds and severity of stresses were measured via their immunologic aspect as well as their stress alleviation by voluntary high calorie food intake. After sacrificing the animal, the adrenal gland fat tissues were weighed, and the high calorie diet group showed heavier adrenal glands than those of the control group. In particular, the CVS A group had lighter adrenal gland weight than the Res B and CVS B groups, and the other groups had heavier adrenal glands. The comparison of plasma ACTH concentration to the corticosteroid secretion ratio showed that the CVS A group had decreased ACTH and an increased corticosteroid/ACTH ratio. This fact shows that the adrenal gland was highly active and, in spite of a normal corticosteroid concentration, induced too much negative feedback inhibition.

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